Kodi mtsempha wamagazi mumtima mwanu ungaphulike mwadzidzidzi? Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza SCAD (Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection)!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe munthu wathanzi komanso wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi angayambire mwadzidzidzi kudwala matenda a mtima? Kapena momwe mtsikana wathanzi yemwe wangobereka kumene angavutikire mwadzidzidzi pa chifuwa? Lero tikambirana za vuto la mtima lachilendo koma lofunika kwambiri. Uwu ndi matenda omwe timawatcha SCAD, kapena Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection .

Kodi SCAD (Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection) ndi chiyani? Tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.

Mwachidule, SCAD ndi kung'ambika mwadzidzidzi kapena kulekanitsidwa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri pakhoma la mitsempha ya mtima yomwe imanyamula magazi kupita kumtima mwathu. Taganizirani izi motere: mtsempha wamagazi uli ngati chubu chopyapyala. Khoma la chubu ichi limapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo. Mu SCAD, chimodzi mwa zigawozi chimang'ambika ndipo magazi amatuluka pakati pawo. Kenako chimachitika ndi chiyani? Magaziwo amasonkhana ndikutuluka mumtsempha. Amadzaza ngati baluni. Zotsatira zake, kuyenda kwa magazi kupita kumtima kumatsekedwa, kapena kumayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kwambiri.

Izi zili ngati chotupa chaching'ono chomwe chimakula mkati mwa chitoliro cha madzi ndikuchitseka. Kenako mtima sulandira mpweya ndi zakudya zomwe umafunikira.

SCAD imawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha matenda otchedwa Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) . Uwu ndi mtundu wa matenda a mitsempha ya mtima. Izi zingayambitse kupweteka pachifuwa, kapena angina . Zingayambitsenso matenda a mtima, omwe angakhale oopsa.

Kodi mawu awa amatanthauza chiyani?

Ngati titayang'ana tanthauzo la mawu atatu awa SCAD padera, mudzamvetsa bwino matendawa.

• Zosayembekezereka: Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimachitika mwadzidzidzi, popanda chenjezo lililonse.
• Mitsempha ya mtima: Iyi ndi mitsempha ikuluikulu ya magazi yomwe imapatsa mtima wathu magazi oyera komanso odzaza ndi mpweya. Tili ndi mitsempha ikuluikulu iwiri ya mtima, ya kumanzere ndi ya kumanja. Imagawikana m'nthambi zing'onozing'ono.
• Kuduladula: Mu zamankhwala, mawuwa amatanthauza kulekanitsa minofu m'zigawo, monga kung'ambika.

Kodi mukumvetsa? Izi zikutanthauza kuti, timatcha izi SCAD pamene mtsempha wamagazi mumtima umaphulika mwadzidzidzi kuchokera mkati popanda chifukwa chomveka.

Kodi Acute Coronary Syndrome ndi chiyani?

Iyi si matenda amodzi. Ndi mawu ofala a matenda osiyanasiyana omwe magazi amapita kumtima amachepa mwadzidzidzi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamene plaque, yomwe ndi mafuta omwe amasonkhana mkati mwa mitsempha (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti atherosclerosis kapena "kuuma kwa mitsempha") imaphulika mwadzidzidzi. Izi zingayambitse matenda oopsa monga kulephera kwa mtima , matenda a mtima, kapena sitiroko .

Kodi vuto limeneli lotchedwa SCAD ndi lofala bwanji?

Akatswiri azachipatala amati SCAD ndi matenda omwe sapezeka mokwanira. Akuti pafupifupi anthu anayi mwa anthu zana aliwonse omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima (ACS) (4%) ali ndi SCAD. Kuphatikiza apo, SCAD ndiye chifukwa cha pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anayi (25%) a ACS mwa akazi osakwana zaka 50! Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwina amapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi achichepere kuposa momwe mukuganizira.

N’chifukwa chiyani SCAD imeneyi imachitika? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Akatswiri sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa SCAD. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, anthu ambiri omwe amadwala matendawa ndi achinyamata, olimba, komanso athanzi. Komanso alibe matenda a mtima omwe adadwalapo kale.

Odwala ena a SCAD amabereka posachedwapa . Zapezekanso kuti SCAD imachitika nthawi zambiri panthawi ya msambo kapena pambuyo pa kusamba . Chifukwa chake, pali kukayikiridwa kuti kusintha kwa mahomoni achikazi kungathandize pa izi.

SCAD ndi yosowa kwambiri mwa amuna, imachitika mwa ochepera khumi pa zana (10%). Mwa amuna, kung'ambika kumeneku kumachitika nthawi zambiri akachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri (kulimbitsa thupi) kapena kunyamula chinthu cholemera . Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumeneku kumatha kung'amba khoma la mtsempha.

Kawirikawiri, kusanza kwambiri kapena mphamvu ya chifuwa zingayambitse kuphulika kwa khoma la mtsempha wamagazi. Nthawi zina, mtsempha wamagazi ukhoza kuphulika panthawi ya ngozi yoopsa kapena panthawi ya opaleshoni yachipatala monga kulowetsedwa kwa catheter ya mtima . Komabe, pali chifukwa chake.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a SCAD?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotupa mitsempha ya mtima. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

• Matenda a minofu yolumikizana - mwachitsanzo , Marfan syndrome .
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (Kuthamanga kwa magazi koopsa).
• Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) - Iyi ndi matenda omwe amakhudza mitsempha yamagazi.
• Kuchepa kwa ntchito ya chithokomiro ( Hypothyroidism ).
• Matenda otupa - zitsanzo zake ndi monga lupus , multiple sclerosis (MS) , ndi sarcoidosis .
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo .

Kodi zizindikiro za SCAD ndi ziti? Kodi zimapezeka bwanji?

Ngati magazi akuyenda pang'onopang'ono kupita kumtima chifukwa cha SCAD, izi zingayambitse matenda a mtima kapena kupweteka pachifuwa kotchedwa unstable angina . Mtundu uwu wa angina ndi woopsa kwambiri chifukwa umawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.

SCAD ndi vuto ladzidzidzi lomwe limafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi za matenda a mtima, imbani 911 nthawi yomweyo (ku Sri Lanka, imbani 1990 Suwaseriya Ambulance Service):

• Chizungulire kapena kukomoka ( syncope ).
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri ( hyperhidrosis ) kapena kumva kuzizira.
• Kugunda kwa mtima kapena arrhythmia .
• Kupweteka kwa minofu m'manja, phewa, kapena m'nsagwada.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza, kapena kumva kupweteka m'mimba ( kusagaya chakudya ).
• Kupuma movutikira .
• Kulimba kwa chifuwa, kupanikizika, kapena kupweteka.

Zizindikiro zimenezi ndi zofanana ndi za matenda a mtima. Choncho, ngati mukukumana ndi vuto lotere , musazengereze.

Kodi matenda a SCAD amapezedwa bwanji? (Kuzindikira)

Kuzindikira matenda a SCAD kungakhale kovuta. Ngati muli ndi kupweteka pachifuwa kapena zizindikiro zina za matenda a mtima, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso ngati awa kuti aone ngati muli ndi SCAD:

• Kuyesa chizindikiro cha enzyme: Kufufuza kuchuluka kwa ma enzyme ena a mtima omwe amasonkhana m'magazi panthawi ya matenda a mtima.
• Angiogram: Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wowona kuyenda kwa magazi mumtima mwanu pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zoyenda za magawo atatu (3D). Izi zitha kuphatikizapo Coronary Computed Tomography Angiogram (CCTA) kapena Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA) .
• Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT): Izi zimathandiza kuti mitsempha yamagazi ifufuzidwe kuchokera mkati kupita kunja.
• Ultrasound ya m'mitsempha yamagazi (IVUS): Izi zimatha kupanga zithunzi zomveka bwino komanso zatsatanetsatane mkati mwa mitsempha.

Mayeso amenewa ndi omwe amalola madokotala kudziwa ngati muli ndi mtsempha wa mtima wosweka kapena vuto lina la mtima.

Kodi SCAD imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi SCAD, pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa anayi (75%), amachira ndi mankhwala. Mitundu ya mankhwala yomwe yaperekedwa ndi iyi:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi (monga beta blockers ).
• Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.
• Mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana ( mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana ).

Komabe, pafupifupi 14% ya anthu omwe ali ndi SCAD amatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu. Anthu otere angafunike kupita kuchipatala ndikupeza chithandizo chadzidzidzi. Mankhwala oterewa akuphatikizapo:

• Kutsegula mtima ndi catheterization , coronary angioplasty, ndi stent placementIzi zimaphatikizapo kudzaza mtsempha wamagazi wotsekedwa ndi chinthu chonga baluni ndikuyika mesh yaying'ono (stent) kuti isatsekedwenso.
• Kulumikiza Mitsempha ya Mtima (CABG): Izi zimaphatikizapo kupanga njira yatsopano ya mtsempha wamagazi wotsekedwa.
• Kuyika chipangizo chothandizira kuyenda kwa magazi m'thupi, monga Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) , kapena Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) .
• Kusamutsa mtima - Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amayesa kuthana ndi vutoli ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mtsempha wong'ambikawo udzichiritse wokha. Opaleshoni imaonedwa kuti ndi yofunika pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi SCAD ingapewedwe?

Ngati mudayamba mwakhala ndi mtsempha woswekapo kale, mungafunike kuchepetsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti musadzabwerezenso. Dokotala wanu angakutumizireninso ku pulogalamu yothandizira odwala matenda a mtima . Izi zingakuthandizeni kukonza thanzi la mtima wanu ndikukuphunzitsani momwe mungakhalire ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi mosamala.

Ngakhale kuti palibe kugwirizana kwachindunji komwe kwapezeka pakati pa SCAD ndi njira zolerera ana pogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni, madokotala ambiri amalimbikitsa kuganizira kaye njira zolerera ana pogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni. Mwachitsanzo, vasectomy kwa amuna kapena tubal ligation kwa akazi. Funsani dokotala wanu njira yomwe ili yoyenera kwa inu.

Mukhozanso kuchita zinthu izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima:

• Idyani zakudya zabwino kuti muchepetse cholesterol m'thupi.
• Chepetsani kudya mchere ndipo chepetsani kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa. Ngati muli ndi vuto ndi kumwa mowa, funsani thandizo.
• Dziwani mitundu ya mafuta omwe mumadya ndipo chepetsani kudya mafuta osapatsa thanzi.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga , samalani bwino.
• Ngati mukusuta, pemphani thandizo kuti musiye.
• Pitirizani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kukhala ndi kulemera koyenera.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha munthu amene ali ndi SCAD ndi chotani?

Matenda a SCAD ndi omwe amaika moyo pachiswe. Pafupifupi 5% ya anthu omwe amadwala matendawa amafa. Kung'ambika kwa mtsempha kungayambitse zoopsa izi:

• Angina yosatha: Anthu ochepa amatha kumva kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupanikizika kosalekeza. Izi sizingagwire bwino ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe monga nitroglycerin .
• Kubwereranso kwa matenda:Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi pa anthu khumi (10%) adzadwalanso SCAD mkati mwa zaka zitatu kuchokera pamene adalandira chithandizo choyamba. Dokotala wanu adzayesa mayeso nthawi zonse kuti azindikire misozi iyi msanga.
• Kutupa kwa mtima: SCAD ingayambitse kutupa kwa thumba lozungulira mtima, lotchedwa pericarditis . Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso monga cardiac MRIs kapena angiograms kuti aone ngati vutoli lili bwino.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo azachipatala molondola ndikuyesedwa nthawi yake mutatha kudwala SCAD.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto la mtima, imbani 911 (1990 ku Sri Lanka) nthawi yomweyo.

Komanso, pitani kwa dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kupanikizika ( Angina ).
• Thukuta lozizira.
• Ululu m'manja, m'nsagwada, kapena m'mapewa.
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri, chizungulire, kapena kufooka popanda chifukwa.

Kodi ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga chiyani?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a SCAD, mungafune kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

• Kodi n’chiyani chinandipangitsa kuti ndipange SCAD iyi?
• Kodi ndingapezenso SCAD?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti nditeteze thanzi la mtima wanga?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuda nkhawa ndi zizindikiro za mavuto?

SCAD ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro zofanana ndi matenda a mtima mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa cha matenda a mtima, makamaka azimayi. Imbani chithandizo chadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mtima. Ngati mayeso atsimikizira kuti muli ndi SCAD, dokotala wanu adzakulankhulani za njira zina zothandizira. Ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo, pali chiopsezo chakuti mtsempha wamagazi udzaphulikanso. Dokotala wanu adzayang'anira thanzi la mtima wanu mosamala kuti achepetse chiopsezo chimenecho.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, takambirana zambiri za SCAD, sichoncho? Nazi zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• SCAD ndi matenda a mtima omwe amakhudza mwadzidzidzi, mosayembekezereka omwe angakhudze makamaka akazi achichepere komanso athanzi.
• Zizindikiro zake zimafanana ndi matenda a mtima. Ngati muli ndi kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma movutikira, kapena thukuta, musanyalanyaze. Funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Kuzindikira matenda a SCAD kungakhale kovuta pang'ono, koma kungatsimikizidwe ndi mayeso oyenera.
• Kawirikawiri imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala, koma anthu ena angafunike opaleshoni kapena mankhwala ena.
• Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusintha moyo wanu ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala pambuyo pa SCAD. Izi zitha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chobwereranso.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikiro izi, musachite mantha ndi kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Mukapezeka ndi matendawa mwachangu, chithandizocho chidzakhala chopambana. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Kuduladula kwa Mitsempha ya Coronary Yodzidzimutsa , SCAD, matenda a mtima, kupweteka pachifuwa, mitsempha ya mtima, thanzi la amayi, chisamaliro chadzidzidzi