Kodi maselo a T ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza chitetezo cha thupi lathu!

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti tili ndi gulu laling'ono koma lamphamvu kwambiri m'thupi lathu lolimbana ndi matenda? Ma T cell ndi gawo lapadera la gululi lomwe limatiteteza ku adani monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya popanda ife kudziwa. Awa ali ngati ngwazi zazing'ono m'thupi lathu. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za ngwazi zazing'ono izi m'njira yosavuta.

Kodi maselo a T ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, maselo a T ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera m'magazi mwathu. M'mawu azachipatala, amatchedwa ma lymphocyte. Maselo amenewa, otchedwa ma lymphocyte, amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Chitetezo cha mthupi ndi chitetezo chomwe chimalimbana ndi majeremusi, monga mavairasi, mabakiteriya, ndi bowa, omwe amalowa m'thupi mwathu. Sikuti zokhazo, dongosololi limagwiranso ntchito kuwononga zinthu zomwe zimavulaza thupi, monga maselo a khansa.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya asilikali mu gulu lathu lankhondo la lymphocyte. Maselo a T ndi maselo a B. Pamodzi, amatiteteza.

• Maselo a B: Maselo amenewa amapanga mapuloteni apadera otchedwa ma antibodies. Ma antibodies amenewa amapita ndikuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Maselo a T: Awa amagwira ntchito mosiyana pang'ono. Maselo a T amapita mwachindunji ku maselo athu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndipo amawononga zinthu monga maselo a khansa. Amatumizanso zizindikiro ku maselo ena omwe ali mu chitetezo chamthupi, kuwauza kuti, "Umu ndi momwe tiyenera kulimbana."

Kodi pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya maselo a T?

Inde, pali magulu awiri akuluakulu a maselo a T. Monga momwe gulu lankhondo lilili ndi gulu lankhondo loukira ndi mkulu wa asilikali. Tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi ndani.

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu iyi, palinso maselo a T olamulira . Ntchito yawo ndi kulamulira ntchito ya maselo ena a T pamene nkhondo yatha kapena ikafunika. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa apo ayi maselo athu a T akhoza kuukira maselo athu athanzi.

Kodi maselo a T amenewa amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Maselo a T ndi mbali ya chitetezo chamthupi chosinthika. Amawaona ngati "dongosolo lanzeru lodzitetezera" lapamwamba kwambiri. Amakhala akuyang'ana adani nthawi zonse. Akangozindikira mdani, amaukira mdaniyo mwanjira inayake.

Chitetezo cha mthupi chikazindikira mdani, chimapeza selo yeniyeni ya T yomwe ingawononge mdaniyo ndikuyiyambitsa. Kenako selo ya T imapanga makope ambirimbiri. Maselo a T omwe amalowa nawo nkhondoyi amatchedwa maselo a effector . Maselo a effector awa ndi omwe amawononga mdaniyo ndikutiteteza ku matenda.

Maselo a T amatiteteza ngakhale nkhondo itatha. Maselo ena a T, m'malo mokhala maselo oyambitsa, amakhala maselo okumbukira . Maselo okumbukira awa samenyana. M'malo mwake, amakumbukira tsatanetsatane wa mdani. Ngati mdani yemweyo abwerera m'thupi, maselo okumbukira awa amalola chitetezo cha mthupi kuzindikira mwachangu ndikuyamba kuukira ndi dongosolo lomwelo lakale.

Kodi maselo a T amayamba bwanji kugwira ntchito?

Selo ya T simangomenyana yokha. Iyenera kuyatsidwa kaye. Pali njira zingapo zochitira zimenezo.

1. Choyamba, selo lapadera lotchedwa selo lopereka ma antigen (APC) limapeza umboni wa mdani (mwachitsanzo, chidutswa cha kachilombo) ndikuchimangirira ku chinthu chotchedwa major histocompatibility complex (MHC) . Izi zili ngati kujambula chithunzi cha apolisi cha wakuba ndikuchiyika pa chikwangwani. Ma T cell sangazindikire mdani mwachindunji, amatha kuzindikira kokha akawonetsedwa pa MHC iyi.

2. Kenako, selo la T limalowa ndikugwirizana ndi MHC iyi. Koma si selo lililonse la T lomwe lingagwirizane ndi MHC iliyonse. Ma cell a Killer T (CD8+) amatha kugwirizana ndi mtundu wa I MHC. Maselo a Helper T (CD4+) amatha kugwirizana ndi mtundu wa II MHC. Zili ngati machesi a kiyi ndi loko.

3. Chilichonse chikalumikizidwa motere, selo la T limayamba kugwira ntchito. Pamenepo ndiye pamene limapita kunkhondo. Kulumikizana kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kumaonetsetsa kuti selo la T loyenera mdaniyo lipita kunkhondo.

Kodi maselo a T amapangidwa ndi kupezeka kuti m'thupi lathu?

Moyo wa maselo a T uli ngati ulendo waung'ono. Pa magawo osiyanasiyana a ulendowo, amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.

• Malo Obadwira - Mafupa: Minofu yofewa mkati mwa mafupa athu, yotchedwa mafupa, ndi komwe maselo a T amayamba kukula. Monga maselo onse amagazi, maselo a T amayamba ngati maselo oyambira a hematopoietic .
• Sukulu Yophunzitsa - Thymus: Maselo a T osakhwima awa (otchedwa thymocytes) amapita ku thymus, chiwalo chomwe chili pamwamba pa chifuwa chathu, kuti akaphunzitsidwe. Thymus ili ngati "sukulu yophunzitsira usilikali" ya maselo a T. Apa, amayesedwa kuti awone ngati angathe kumangirira bwino ku MHC osaukira maselo athu athanzi. Apa ndi pomwe amalandiranso "chiphaso chawo" - CD4 kapena CD8. Maselo a T okha omwe amapambana mayeso onsewa ndi omwe amatulutsidwa.
• Minda Yogwira Ntchito - Minofu ya Lymphatic ndi Magazi: Maselo a T ophunzitsidwa bwino amapita ku dongosolo lathu la lymph, monga ndulu, matoni, ndi ma lymph nodes. Ena amayendayendanso m'magazi. Apa ndi pomwe amakhala, akuyembekezera kuyitanidwa kuti achitepo kanthu.

Ndi matenda ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza maselo a T?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda omwe amakhudza ntchito ya maselo a T. Izi zitha kugawidwa makamaka ngati matenda a autoimmune ndi matenda a immunodeficiency . Mu matenda a autoimmune, chitetezo chamthupi chimawononga maselo athu athanzi molakwika. Matenda a immunodeficiency ndi matenda omwe chitetezo chamthupi chimafooka.

Matenda ena omwe angakhudze maselo a T ndi awa:

• Khansa ya m'magazi yoopsa: Mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'magazi ndi m'mafupa.
• Matenda a Hodgkin lymphoma kwa akuluakulu:Mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi yomwe imayambira mu dongosolo la lymphatic.
• T-cell lymphomas: Khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo a T.
• Kachilombo ka HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): Kachilomboka kamaukira makamaka maselo athu othandizira a T (ma CD4+ T cells). Izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa malo olamulira chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Edzi.
• Matenda a DiGeorge: Matenda a majini omwe amalepheretsa thupi kupanga maselo a T okwanira athanzi.
• Kusowa kwa chitetezo chamthupi chogwirizana kwambiri (SCID): Gulu la matenda osowa kwambiri a majini omwe chitetezo chamthupi chimakhala chofooka kwambiri chifukwa cha mavuto a maselo a T.

Kodi chiwerengero cha maselo a T chiyenera kukhala chotani?

Mtundu wabwinobwino wa maselo a T mwa munthu wathanzi ndi:

• Chiwerengero cha maselo a CD4 (helper T cells): Pakati pa maselo 500 - 1,200 pa kiyubiki milimita iliyonse.
• Chiwerengero cha ma CD8 (ma cell akupha T): Pakati pa maselo 150 - 1,000 pa kiyubiki milimita iliyonse.

Komabe, miyezo iyi ingasiyane pang'ono kutengera labu yomwe imayesa magazi anu. Chifukwa chake , ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu kuti mupeze zambiri zolondola zokhudza miyezo yomwe ili mu lipoti lanu.

Kodi kuchepa kwa maselo a T kumatanthauza chiyani?

Kuchuluka kwa maselo a T kumatanthauza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chofooka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha majeremusi. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a T akhale ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a majini omwe amapezeka pobadwa, matenda omwe amapezeka pambuyo pake, monga HIV, kapena mankhwala ena (monga mankhwala a khansa) angayambitsenso kuchepa kwa maselo a T.

Kodi kuchulukitsa maselo a T kumatanthauza chiyani?

Kuchuluka kwa maselo a T kumachitika kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimapanga maselo a T ambiri kuti chisathe kulimbana ndi matenda m'thupi. Mitundu ina ya khansa ingayambitsenso kuchuluka kwa maselo a T.

Kodi tingawonjezere bwanji mphamvu ya maselo athu a T?

Pali mankhwala kapena mankhwala enaake omwe angathandize kulimbitsa maselo a T, koma ayenera kumwedwa pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuwayang'anira. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za iwo. Koma palinso zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chikhale cholimba. Nthawi zina njira yabwino yotetezera maselo athu a T ndi kusawagwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Izi zikutanthauza kupewa majeremusi momwe tingathere ndikusamalira thupi lanu bwino.

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