Kodi inunso mumaopa khansa ya pakhosi? (Khansa ya pakhosi) Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kupweteka pakhosi kapena kusintha kwa mawu anu? Kungakhale chimfine kapena china chake. Komabe, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zikupitirira, ndi bwino kuda nkhawa pang'ono. Lero tikambirana za khansa ya pakhosi. Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi yoopsa, ndikofunikira kuidziwa.

Kodi khansa ya pakhosi iyi ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, "khansa ya pakhosi" ndi kukula kwa maselo a khansa pakhosi panu, komwe kumadziwika kuti ``pharynx'', kapena kholingo lanu, lomwe ndi gawo la bokosi lanu la mawu. Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri ngati mitundu ina ya khansa. Komabe, munthu akadwala matendawa, nthawi zambiri zotupa za khansa zimakula pakati pa pakhosi, ``oropharynx'', kapena kholingo.

Khansa ya pakhosi nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda zizindikiro kumayambiriro . Zizindikiro zikayamba kuonekera, zimatha kufanana ndi matenda wamba, osaopsa kwenikweni, monga kupweteka pakhosi kapena kupweteka m'khutu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ena amachedwa kupita kwa dokotala.

Komabe, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze khansa ya pakhosi, makamaka ngati zimatenga milungu yoposa iwiri , musanyalanyaze. Khansa zambiri za pakhosi zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndikuchiritsidwa. Zina zimatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Chofunika kwambiri ndikupeza matenda ndikuchiritsidwa msanga .

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya vutoli?

Inde, pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa ya pakhosi. Tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi iti:

• Khansa ya m'mero: Iyi imapezeka pakati pa mmero mwanu. Iyi ndi khansa yofala kwambiri ya pakhosi m'maiko ngati United States.
• Khansa ya m'khosi: Izi zimakhudza bokosi lanu la mawu, kapena larynx. Ikhoza kuyamba kumtunda kwa kholingo (khansa ya supraglottic), pakati pomwe pali mitsempha ya mawu (khansa ya glottic), kapena pansi (khansa ya subglottic).
• Khansa ya hypopharyngeal: Izi zimachitika m'dera la pakhosi panu pamwamba pa mmero ndi pakhosi.
• Khansa ya m'mphuno: Izi zimakula m'mbali mwa pakhosi panu kumbuyo kwa mphuno yanu.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya pakhosi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za khansa ya pakhosi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi za matenda ena osaopsa kwambiri, monga chimfine kapena ziwengo. Zizindikiro za matenda ang'onoang'ono otere nthawi zambiri zimatha pakatha masiku ochepa. Komabe, ngati sizikuchiritsidwa, zizindikiro za khansa ya pakhosi zimakula kwambiri, osati kuchira .

Zizindikiro za khansa ya pakhosi ndi izi:

• Kupweteka pakhosi (monga kupweteka pakhosi)
• Kupweteka kwa khutu (kungamveke ngati kupweteka kwa khutu)
• Kuvuta kumeza kapena kupweteka mukameza
• Chotupa pakhosi, pakhosi, kapena kumbuyo kwa pakamwa
• Kusintha kwa mawu, monga kutopa
• Kutsokomola kosalekeza kapena kutsokomola magazi
• Kuchepetsa thupi (nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuvutika kudya ndi kumeza)

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi kwa milungu yoposa iwiri, pitani kwa dokotala kuti akuuzeni. Kenako akhoza kudziwa chomwe chikukuvutitsani.

Kodi zizindikiro zoyamba za khansa ya pakhosi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zoyamba za khansa ya pakhosi zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe khansa ili . Mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro zoyamba za khansa ya m'mero ​​zitha kuphatikizapo chotupa pakhosi, kupweteka kwa khutu, ndi kupweteka pomeza. Chizindikiro choyamba chodziwika bwino cha khansa ya m'mero ​​ndi kusanza kosalekeza.

Kawirikawiri, khansa ya pakhosi siionetsa zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro kwake. Mukayamba kuona kusintha, khansayo ikhoza kukhala itakula kale. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala ngati zizindikiro zanu sizikusintha mkati mwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu.

Kodi zimayambitsa khansa ya pakhosi ndi ziti?

Khansa ya pakhosi imachitika pamene pali kusintha kwa majini (majini) m'maselo a pakhosi panu. Kusintha kwa majini kumeneku kumapangitsa maselo athanzi kuyamba kukula ndikukhala maselo a khansa. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, maselo a khansa awa amatha kufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi lanu. Ofufuza akuyesetsabe kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa kusinthaku.

Zinthu Zoopsa

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya pakhosi. Tiyeni tidziwenso zimenezo.

• Kusuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina za fodya: Chinthu chachikulu komanso chachikulu chomwe chingayambitse khansa ya pakhosi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fodya .
• Matenda a HPV: Kachilombo ka papilloma ka munthu (HPV) ndi kachilombo komwe kamafalikira kudzera mu kugonana mkamwa. M'mayiko otukuka, HPV ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa zambiri zatsopano za pakhosi.
• Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso: Ofufuza apeza kuti khansa zina za pakhosi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kumwa mowa. Chiwopsezo chake chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri ngati mugwiritsanso ntchito fodya.
• Matenda a Epstein-Barr virus: Kachilomboka, komwe kamayambitsa mononucleosis (mono), kamathanso kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya pakhosi. (N'zotheka kuti kamayambitsa khansa ya m'mphuno.)
• Kukhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsa: Kukhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa monga asbestos, fumbi la matabwa, ndi formaldehyde kwa nthawi yayitali kumawonjezera chiopsezo.
• Kudya zakudya zina mopitirira muyeso kapena mochepa: Kudya nyama yosungidwa bwino kwambiri komanso kusadya ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso zokwanira kumawonjezera chiopsezo.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo?

Ngakhale kuti palibe njira yopewera khansa ya pakhosi kwathunthu, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu:

• Musagwiritse ntchito ndudu kapena zinthu zina zilizonse za fodya. (Ngati mumasuta, funsani dokotala wanu kuti akuthandizeni kusiya kusuta.)
• Pezani katemera wa HPV.
• Pewani mowa wonse kapena kumwa pang'ono.
• Idyani zakudya zokhala ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, zipatso, ndi tirigu wonse, monga zakudya za ku Mediterranean.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji vutoli?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso angapo kuti adziwe khansa ya pakhosi. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa thupi: Dokotala wanu adzafufuza zizindikiro za khansa ya pakhosi, monga chotupa pakhosi panu, ndipo adzakufunsani za zizolowezi zanu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu, monga kusuta fodya.
• Kuwunika pogwiritsa ntchito endoscope: Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyika chubu chaching'ono chokhala ndi kamera chotchedwa scope pakhosi panu kuti aone ngati muli ndi khansa ya pakhosi. Izi zimatchedwa endoscopy. Ngati kholingo la m'mero ​​lawunikiridwa, limatchedwa laryngoscopy.
• Kufufuza za khansa: Pa nthawi ya endoscopy, dokotala angatenge chidutswa cha minofu yokayikitsa n’kuitumiza ku labu kuti akaone maselo a khansa. Kufufuza za khansa ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati muli ndi khansa ya pakhosi.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Kujambula kwa CT ndi MRI kungawonetse ngati muli ndi khansa pakhosi panu ndi pakhosi. Kujambula kwa PET kungawonenso ngati khansayo yafalikira kupitirira pakhosi.

Kusanthula kwa khansa

Kuyeza kuchuluka kwa khansa kumathandiza madokotala kudziwa kuchuluka kwa khansa ya pakhosi yomwe yakula komanso kufalikira. Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa matenda. Momwe magawo awa amatchulidwira zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa. Khansa ya pakhosi nthawi zambiri imagawidwa mu gawo loyamba (loyamba) - losapita patsogolo kwambiri - mpaka gawo lachinayi (lachinayi) - lopita patsogolo kwambiri komanso lofalikira.

Mwachitsanzo, khansa ya pakhosi ya Gawo Loyamba imatanthauza kuti chotupacho ndi chaching'ono ndipo sichinafalikire ku ma lymph nodes kapena minofu ina. Khansa ya Gawo Lachinayi ikhoza kufalikira (kufalikira) kumadera ena.

Kodi khansa ya pakhosi imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pochiza khansa ya pakhosi. Ngati ndinu wosuta fodya, angakulangizeni kuti musiye kusuta fodya musanayambe kulandira chithandizo cha khansa. Izi zithandiza kuti chithandizocho chikhale chopambana komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo zake.

Opaleshoni

Cholinga chachikulu cha opaleshoni ndi kuchotsa khansa yambiri momwe mungathere pamene mukusunga mphamvu yanu yopuma, kulankhula, ndi kumeza. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuchotsa ziphuphu zazing'ono pamene akutenga minofu kuti ayesedwe. Pa ziphuphu zazikulu, mungafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni yotsegula laryngectomy, kapena opaleshoni yotsegula kuti muchotse gawo kapena bokosi lonse la mawu anu. Mungafunikenso kudula khosi kuti muchotse ma lymph nodes kumene maselo a khansa afalikira.

Chithandizo cha radiation

Chithandizo chofala kwambiri cha khansa ya pakhosi ndi chithandizo cha radiation, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito makina kutumiza mphamvu zambiri kuti aphe maselo a khansa. Izi zitha kukhala zokwanira pa zotupa zazing'ono zomwe sizinafalikire. Kapena, chithandizo cha radiation chingaperekedwe pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena, monga opaleshoni kapena chemotherapy.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy ndi radiation therapy pamodzi pochiza khansa ya pakhosi. Chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa zotupa musanachite opaleshoni komanso kupha maselo ena onse a khansa pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Chithandizo cholunjika ndi chithandizo cha immunotherapy

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni chithandizo cholunjika kapena chithandizo cha immunotherapy, chomwe sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pa khansa ya pakhosi. Mankhwala olunjika amagwira ntchito poletsa mapuloteni omwe maselo a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito kuti akule. Chithandizo cha immunotherapy chimagwira ntchito poyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti chilimbane ndi khansa.

Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa pa khansa ya pakhosi yomwe yakula komanso khansa yomwe yabwereranso pambuyo polandira chithandizo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zosamveka bwino za mutu kapena khosi zomwe sizikuchira patatha milungu ingapo, konzani nthawi yoti mukaone dokotala. Musachite mantha, kuganiza kuti ndi khansa. Koma musachite mantha. Uzani dokotala wanu zomwe mukukumana nazo.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani ngati ndili ndi khansa ya pakhosi?

Zotsatira zanu, kapena zomwe zikuyembekezeka, zimadalira zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakukhudzani. Nthawi zina madokotala amatha kuchiritsa khansa ya pakhosi yomwe sinafalikire ku minofu yapafupi kapena ma lymph node. Komabe, khansa yomwe yafalikira ndi yovuta kuichiritsa. Komanso imakhala ndi mwayi wobwereranso mukalandira chithandizo.

Thanzi lanu lonse, komwe kuli chotupa cha khansa, komanso ngati mwadwalapo HPV ndizofunikira. Khansa ya pakhosi yokhudzana ndi HPV imawoneka kuti imayankha bwino chithandizo kuposa mitundu ina.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka khansa ya pakhosi ndi kotani?

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansa chimasonyeza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi moyo zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene adapezeka ndi khansa. Pankhani ya khansa ya pakhosi, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu, malo, ndi gawo la khansayo.

Mwachitsanzo, anthu pafupifupi 7 mwa anthu 10 aliwonse omwe ali ndi khansa ya mkamwa kapena pakhosi amakhala ndi moyo zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi khansa. Komabe, ngati khansayo sinafalikire, chiwerengerocho chimatsika kufika pa 8 kapena 9 mwa anthu 10 aliwonse. Zachidziwikire, ziwerengerozi ndi za anthu onse. Sizikusonyeza zinthu zinazake zokhudzana ndi matenda anu.

Dokotala wanu amadziwa bwino kuposa wina aliyense momwe ziwerengerozi zingakukhudzireni. Mufunseni momwe matenda anu angakhudzire moyo wanu.

Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe ndingachite kuti ndimve bwino?

Ngati mukulandira chithandizo cha khansa ya pakhosi, mungafunike thandizo pothana ndi zotsatirapo zake kwa nthawi yayitali. Chithandizo cha radiation ndi opaleshoni zonse ziwiri zingakhudze luso lanu lomeza, kulankhula, ndi kumva. Kukonzanso ndi katswiri wa matenda olankhula kungakhale kofunikira kuti muchiritse. Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi mawonekedwe anu mutachita opaleshoni, mungafunike opaleshoni yokonzanso thupi.

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeninso chithandizo chochepetsa ululu kuti chikuthandizeni kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chithandizo. Mosiyana ndi chisamaliro cha odwala okalamba, chithandizo chochepetsa ululu ndi chithandizo chomwe mungapeze mosasamala kanthu za gawo la khansa yanu kapena momwe matenda anu angakukhudzireni.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Zizindikiro za khansa ya pakhosi nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka m'matenda ena, monga chimfine, matenda opatsirana, ndi ziwengo. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwadzidzidzi mumayamba kugwedezeka ndipo simungathe kudziwa chifukwa chake, musachite mantha. Komabe, ngati vutoli silikuchira pakatha sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri, ndi nthawi yoti mukaonane ndi dokotala. Pakadali pano, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya pakhosi popewa kugwiritsa ntchito fodya ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti mupewe matenda a HPV. Kusamala tsopano kungakutetezeni ku khansa ya pakhosi mtsogolo.

Khansa ya pakhosi, zizindikiro za khansa, HPV, kusuta fodya, khansa ya m'khosi, chithandizo cha khansa, upangiri wa zachipatala