Khansa ya M'kamwa: Tiyeni tiphunzire za zizindikiro, zomwe zimayambitsa, ndi chithandizo chake mwachidule

Mwina nthawi zina mumamva kupweteka pang'ono kapena kukanda pakhosi panu, eti? Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zotere zimatha pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu. Koma kodi munayamba mwaganizapo kuti ngati muli ndi kupweteka pakhosi kapena chotupa chaching'ono pakhosi panu chomwe chimapitirira kwa milungu ingapo, si zachilendo? Nthawi ngati zimenezi, tiyenera kusamala pang'ono. Lero tikambirana za vuto lomwe lingayambe ndi zizindikiro zotere, koma sitilankhula kwambiri za vutoli, lomwe ndi khansa yomwe imachitika pakati pa pakhosi.

Mwachidule, kodi khansa ya m'kamwa ndi chiyani?

Dzina ili ndi la sayansi, koma n'losavuta kulimvetsa. Pakhosi panu, lomwe limatchedwa kuti pharynx, ndiye pakati pake, lomwe timalitcha kuti oropharynx. Kunena zoona, derali limaphatikizapo kumbuyo kwa pakamwa panu, kuphatikizapo ma tonsils anu, kumbuyo kwa lilime lanu, ndi pakamwa pofewa. Maselo m'derali akayamba kukula modabwitsa komanso mosalamulirika, amatchedwa Oropharyngeal Cancer .

Izi zili m'gulu la khansa ya mutu ndi khosi. Ngakhale kuti pali mankhwala ochizira khansa iyi, nthawi zina imatha kubwereranso ngakhale chithandizo chitatha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Dziwani zizindikiro izi.

Zizindikiro za khansa iyi nthawi zina zimakhala zofanana ndi za matenda ofala a pakhosi, ndichifukwa chake anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza poyamba. Koma ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira, muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala wanu.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa imeneyi imayamba? Kodi zifukwa zazikulu ndi ziti?

Zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa iyi zadziwika.

1. Kachilombo ka papilloma ka anthu (HPV)

Chifukwa chachikulu komanso chofala kwambiri cha khansa ya m'kamwa masiku ano ndiMatenda a HPV, makamaka mtundu wa HPV 16. Kachiromboka kakalowa m'matupi mwathu, mapuloteni ena omwe amapanga amasokoneza ntchito ya majini omwe amalamulira kukula kwa maselo mkamwa mwathu ndi pakhosi. Mwachidule, kachilomboka kamazimitsa 'brake' yomwe imalamulira liwiro lomwe maselo amagawikana. Kenako maselo amatha kugawikana mosalamulirika ndikukhala zotupa za khansa.

2. Kusuta fodya (Fodya)

Kusuta ndudu, ndudu, ndi fodya wotafuna ndizomwe zimayambitsa khansa iyi. Mankhwala omwe ali mu fodya amawononga maselo ofewa pakhosi panu. Kuti akonze maselo owonongekawa, thupi lanu limayamba kugawa maselo mwachangu kuposa masiku onse. Maselo akamagawa mofulumira chonchi, pamakhala mwayi waukulu woti zolakwika mu DNA ya maselo amenewo zichitike. Zolakwika zimenezo ndi zomwe zimayambitsa maselo a khansa.

3. Mowa

Kumwa mowa kungawononge maselo a pakhosi. Makamaka, mowa umafooketsa mphamvu ya maselo kukonza DNA yawo akawonongeka. Munthu amene amamwa mowa akusuta ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa iyi. Chifukwa zizolowezi ziwirizi zikaphatikizidwa, kuwonongeka kwa maselo kumawonjezeka kawiri kapena katatu.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?

Mukapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe mwatchula pamwambapa, choyamba adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, mbiri ya matenda anu, komanso moyo wanu (monga kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa).

Kenako, pakamwa panu, pakhosi panu, ndi pakhosi panu zidzayang'aniridwa mosamala. Khosi lanu lidzayang'aniridwa ngati pali zotupa zilizonse. Nthawi zina, galasi laling'ono ndi kuwala, kapena chubu chopyapyala, chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa (fiberoptic scope) chingalowe m'kamwa mwanu kuti chiwone mkati mwa pakhosi panu.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa?

Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi khansa pambuyo pa zizindikiro ndi mayeso oyamba, dokotala wanu adzakutumizani kuti mukayesedwenso.

• Kuyeza kwa Endoscopic Biopsy: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotsimikizira matendawa. Pachifukwa ichi, chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa (endoscope) chimadutsa pakhosi ndipo chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu chimachotsedwa pamalo okayikitsa. Kenako minofuyo imafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu mu labotale kuti idziwe ngati pali maselo a khansa kapena kachilombo ka HPV.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography Scan): Kujambula kumeneku kumatha kudziwa kukula kwa chotupa cha khansa komanso ngati chafalikira ku minofu yozungulira. Nthawi zina izi zitha kuchitika limodzi ndi PET scan.
• Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan): Izi zingapangitse zithunzi zomveka bwino za minofu yofewa ya thupi, monga matoni ndi pansi pa lilime. Kujambula kwa MRI kumathandiza kwambiri kuti timvetse bwino kukula ndi kufalikira kwa chotupacho.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Chithandizo cha khansa iyi chimadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo gawo la khansa, kukula kwa chotupacho, momwe wodwalayo alili ndi HPV, komanso thanzi lawo lonse. Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikuchotsa maselo a khansa kwathunthu, popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa luso lolankhula ndi kumeza.

1. Opaleshoni

Ngati khansa ndi yaying'ono ndipo sinafalikire, kuchotsa chotupacho ndi opaleshoni ndiyo njira yaikulu yochizira. Pakadali pano, njira yopangira opaleshoni yapamwamba kwambiri yotchedwa Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.

Kodi Opaleshoni ya Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) ndi chiyani?

Pachifukwa ichi, dokotalayo amalamulira mkono wa roboti ndipo amalowa mkamwa mwa wodwalayo kuti achotse zotupa zomwe zili mkati mwa pakhosi. Njirayi imachotsa kufunika kopanga khosi lalikulu kapena kudula nsagwada monga kale.

2. Chithandizo cha Radiation ndi Chemotherapy

Ngati chotupacho ndi chachikulu, sichingachotsedwe mwa opaleshoni, kapena ngati khansa yafalikira, chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi kapena padera.

• Musanachite opaleshoni: Kuchepetsa chotupa ndikupangitsa opaleshoni kukhala yosavuta.
• Pambuyo pa opaleshoni: Kuwononga maselo onse a khansa otsala.
• Monga chithandizo chachikulu: ngati opaleshoni siingatheke.

Mankhwalawa angawonongenso minofu yathanzi pakhosi, zomwe zingayambitse kuvutika kulankhula ndi kumeza. Mungafunike kufunafuna thandizo kwa katswiri wothandiza polankhula.

3. Chithandizo Cholunjika

Uwu ndi mankhwala atsopano. Umaphatikizapo kupereka mankhwala omwe amayang'ana puloteni inayake yomwe imathandiza maselo a khansa kukula, kugawa, ndi kufalikira, ndikuletsa ntchito yake. Mwachidule, zili ngati kudula 'mafuta' omwe amapita ku 'injini' ya maselo a khansa.

4. Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy

Iyi ndi njira yochizira yapamwamba kwambiri. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimalimbikitsidwa, ndipo kudzera mu njira imeneyi, chimapangidwa kuti chizindikire ndikuwononga maselo a khansa. Maselo a khansa nthawi zina 'amabisala' ku chitetezo chathu cha mthupi. Chomwe chithandizochi chimachita ndikuchotsa 'chophimba' chimenecho ndikulola maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi kuzindikira khansa.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani munthu akalandira chithandizo? Kodi mwayi wochira ndi wotani?

Khansa ya m'kamwa ndi matenda ochiritsika. Komabe, pali chiopsezo chobwereranso pambuyo pa chithandizo. Chifukwa chake , kuyendera dokotala nthawi zonse ndikofunikira.

Kuzindikira matendawa kumadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Kuzindikira msanga: Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi khansa iliyonse, izi zikapezeka msanga ndipo chithandizo chikayamba, mwayi wochira umawonjezeka.
• Mkhalidwe wa HPV: Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amadwala khansa iyi chifukwa cha matenda a HPV n'chokwera kuposa omwe amadwala khansa chifukwa cha zinthu zina kupatula HPV, monga kusuta fodya.
• Kusasuta: Anthu omwe amasiya kusuta fodya nthawi ya chithandizo komanso atalandira chithandizo amapeza zotsatira zabwino.

Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti tipulumuke khansa iyi?

Ngakhale kuti khansa iyi singathe kupewedwa 100%, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezo.

1. Pewani matenda a HPV: Tsopano pali katemera wothandiza kwambiri wa kachilombo ka HPV, katemera wa HPV. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kulandira katemerayu muli aang'ono.

2. Siyani kusuta fodya kotheratu: Ngati ndinu wosuta fodya, yesani kusiya lero. Ngati mukufuna thandizo, funsani upangiri wa dokotala.

3. Chepetsani kumwa mowa: Ngati mumamwa mowa, chitani izi pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza mowa ndi kusuta fodya n'koopsa kwambiri.

4. Moyo Wathanzi: Kudya zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kungathandize kuti chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chikhale champhamvu.

5. Kupimidwa nthawi zonse ndi dokotala ndi mano: Pitani kwa dokotala wanu ndi dokotala wa mano kamodzi pachaka kuti mukapimidwe pakamwa ndi pakhosi panu. Izi zingakuthandizeni kuzindikira kusintha kulikonse msanga.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku ETU liti?

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu komanso nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala mosamala mukatha kulandira chithandizo.

Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni ndipo mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo.

• Malungo.
• Kufiira, kutupa, kapena kupweteka kwambiri pamalo ochitira opaleshoni.
• Madzi ofanana ndi mafinya amatuluka pa bala la opaleshoni.