Madokotala Omwe Amapulumutsa Miyoyo Pa Nthawi Yadzidzidzi: Kodi Dokotala Wochita Opaleshoni ya Trauma ndi Ndani?

Palibe aliyense wa ife amene amakonda ngozi, sichoncho? Koma ngati ngozi yachitika nthawi yosayembekezereka, pali gulu la madokotala apadera omwe alipo kuti apulumutse miyoyo yathu. Amenewo ndi omwe timawatcha kuti madokotala ochita opaleshoni ya ngozi . M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za madokotala awa, zomwe amachita, komanso kufunika kwawo pa miyoyo yathu.

Kodi Dokotala Wochita Opaleshoni Yokhudza Kuvulala Kwambiri ndi Ndani?

Mwachidule, (Dokotala Wovulala Kwambiri) ndi dokotala waluso kwambiri amene amachita opaleshoni yadzidzidzi ya kuvulala kwakukulu ndi matenda adzidzidzi omwe angakhale oopsa. Tangoganizirani, ngati mwachita ngozi yayikulu ndipo mwavulala kwambiri, (Dokotala Wovulala Kwambiri) uyu ndiye mtsogoleri wa gulu lachipatala lomwe limakusamalirani. Gululi likhoza kuphatikizapo antchito a Critical Care, akatswiri ena opanga opaleshoni, ndi zina zotero. Ndi udindo wawonso kuyang'ana momwe mukuchira mutachita opaleshoni ndikugwirizana ndi dokotala wa banja lanu (Primary Care Physician). Nthawi zina madokotala awa amatchedwanso Acute Care Surgeon kapena Critical Care Surgeon.

Kodi ndi matenda ati akuluakulu omwe akatswiriwa amachiritsa?

Kodi mukudziwa kuti chaka chilichonse, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amavulala pangozi ndipo amathera m'madipatimenti azadzidzidzi m'zipatala? Izi sizili zosiyana ku Sri Lanka. Ngakhale kuti "Madokotala Ochita Opaleshoni Ovulala Kwambiri" awa amaphunzitsidwa kuchiza mabala osiyanasiyana, pali matenda angapo omwe amakumana nawo nthawi zambiri komanso kuchiza:

Kuvulala kwa Mphamvu Yopanda Mphamvu

Izi ndi kuvulala komwe kumachitika pamene chinachake chakugundani mwamphamvu (Blunt Force Trauma). Ganizirani zinthu monga ngozi ya galimoto, kugwa kuchokera kutalika, kapena chinthu cholemera kugwa pathupi lanu. Izi ndi nthawi zomwe opaleshoni yadzidzidzi nthawi zambiri imafunika. Chifukwa kuwonongeka mkati kungakhale kwakukulu kuposa momwe kumaonekera kunja.

Kuopsa Koopsa

Ichi ndi kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chinthu chakuthwa chomwe chimalowa pakhungu ndikulowa m'thupi (Penetrating Trauma). Zitsanzo zake ndi monga bala lowombera, bala lobayidwa ndi mpeni kapena chida china chakuthwa, kapena kuvulala ndi chinthu chakuthwa. Pa kuvulala kotere, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuletsa kutuluka magazi mwachangu ndikuyang'ana kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamkati.

Kuvulala ndi Kupsa

Madokotala awa amachiritsa kupsa kwambiri komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha moto, zakumwa zotentha, ndi nthunzi (kupsa kwa kutentha). Amachiritsanso kupsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala (kupsa kwa mankhwala), kuwonongeka kwa mapapo komwe kumachitika chifukwa chopuma utsi woopsa, ndi frostbite, komwe ndi kufa kwa khungu ndi minofu chifukwa cha kuzizira kwambiri.

Opaleshoni Yadzidzidzi ndi Chisamaliro Chofunikira

Ambiri (Opaleshoni ya Zoopsa) ndi enaAmachitanso opaleshoni yadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kuchita opaleshoni ya matenda oopsa monga kutsekeka kwa matumbo. Angathandizenso kuchiza matenda akuluakulu omwe amakula mukakhala kale kuchipatala, monga sepsis (matenda oopsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha poizoni m'magazi), kulephera kupuma, kapena kulephera kwa ziwalo.

Kodi ndi chithandizo ndi opaleshoni ziti zomwe madokotalawa amachita nthawi zambiri?

Pakachitika ngozi, Dokotala Wochita Opaleshoni Yoopsa amachita mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo ndi opaleshoni yopulumutsa miyoyo, kaya payekha kapena mogwirizana ndi akatswiri ena. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Kuchotsa Khansa Yadzidzidzi: Njira iyi (Emergency Thoracostomy) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chifuwa chanu (chozungulira mapapo) chadzaza ndi magazi kapena ngati mapapo agwa mwadzidzidzi (Lung Collapse). Izi zimaphatikizapo kudula khungu kakang'ono pakhungu la chifuwa ndikuyika Chest Tube, chubu, chomwe magazi kapena mpweya zimachotsedwa.
• Kuchotsa Chifuwa Pangozi: Iyi ndi opaleshoni yaikulu. Imachitika pa kuvulala pachifuwa kwakukulu, komwe kungaphe moyo kapena ngati njira yadzidzidzi pa kuvulala kwina pachifuwa. Chifuwacho chimatsegulidwa ndipo ziwalo zowonongeka zimakonzedwa.
• Laparotomy Yadzidzidzi: Izi zimaphatikizapo kudula pakati pa mimba yanu molunjika (Emergency Laparotomy). Izi zitha kuchitidwa kuti muchiritse kuvulala kwakukulu kwa m'mimba, kuletsa kutuluka magazi mkati, kapena ngati gawo la opaleshoni yadzidzidzi.
• Kutaya magazi kwambiri ndi kuletsa mabala: Khungu likalowa ndi kutuluka magazi ambiri chifukwa cha zinthu monga bala loombedwa, bala lobayidwa, kapena chinthu chakuthwa, ntchito imodzi yayikulu ya madokotalawa ndikuwongolera kutuluka magazi, kuyeretsa bala, ndikulisoka ngati pakufunika kutero .
• Kugwirizana kwa Opaleshoni ya Ubongo: Madokotala ochita opaleshoni ya ubongo nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi madokotala ochita opaleshoni ya ubongo, makamaka pochiza kuvulala kwa mutu, monga kuvulala kwa ubongo ndi kuvulala kwa ubongo.

Kodi munthu amakhala bwanji Dokotala Wochita Opaleshoni ya Trauma?

Kukhala katswiri ngati uyu sikophweka. Kumafuna khama lalikulu, kudzipereka, komanso nthawi yayitali yophunzira. Mwachitsanzo, m'dziko ngati America, kukhala "Dokotala wa Opaleshoni ya Zoopsa" nthawi zambiri kumatenga zaka 13 mpaka 15 za maphunziro. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Digiri ya sayansi yoyambira ya zaka zinayi.
• Maphunziro a zaka zinayi kusukulu ya zachipatala (digiri ya zamankhwala).
• Pulogalamu yokhala nzika kwa zaka zisanu. Panthawiyi, amalandira maphunziro ambiri okhudza opaleshoni yanthawi zonse.
• Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi pulogalamu yapadera ya chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri (Pulogalamu ya Chiyanjano). Apa ndi pomwe mumapeza ukatswiri ndi maphunziro mu Critical Care ndi Trauma.
• Nthawi zina, panthawi yophunzira kukhala m'dziko lino, mumayeneranso kuchita kafukufuku wazachipatala kwa chaka chimodzi mpaka zitatu.

Sikuti zokhazo, ayenera kupambana mayeso a layisensi ya zamankhwala a dziko loyenerera (monga Kuyesa kwa Zilolezo Zachipatala ku US). Ayeneranso kupeza satifiketi ya opaleshoni yanthawi zonse ndi satifiketi ya subspecialty mu Surgical Critical Care kuchokera ku mabungwe apadera azachipatala (monga American Board of Surgery).

Madokotala ena ochita opaleshoni yovulala amalandiranso maphunziro owonjezera pochiza anthu ambiri omwe avulala, kutanthauza kuti, anthu ambiri akavulala pa ngozi imodzi (monga kuphulika kwa bomba, tsoka lachilengedwe lalikulu, ngozi yaikulu yagalimoto).

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Dokotala Wamkulu ndi Dokotala Wochita Opaleshoni Yokhudza Kuvulala?

Ili ndi funso lomwe anthu ambiri amafunsa. (Opaleshoni Yovulala Kwambiri) aliyense ndi dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti aphunzitsidwa bwino opaleshoni yayikulu. Koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti (Opaleshoni Yovulala Kwambiri) waphunzitsidwanso mwapadera (Chiyanjano) pa chisamaliro cha odwala ovulala kwambiri komanso kuvulala, ndipo walandira Chitsimikizo cha Chisamaliro Chowopsa cha Opaleshoni pa izi. Chifukwa chake, ali ndi luso lapadera lochiza kuvulala kwadzidzidzi komwe kungawopseze moyo.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa malo ochitira ngozi ndi chipatala wamba?

Malo ochitira opaleshoni yadzidzidzi, kutanthauza malo apadera ochiritsira zadzidzidzi, ndi malo osiyana pang'ono ndi chipatala wamba. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti malo ochitira opaleshoni yadzidzidzi ali ndi antchito azachipatala ophunzitsidwa bwino, kuphatikizapo katswiri wa opaleshoni yadzidzidzi, yemwe angaimbidwe maola 24 patsiku, masiku 7 pa sabata. Komanso, malo amenewa ali ndi chilichonse chomwe munthu amene wachita ngozi amafunikira, monga zida zamakono, malo osungira magazi, zipinda zochitira opaleshoni yadzidzidzi, ndi zina zotero. Ku Sri Lanka, zipinda zochitira opaleshoni yadzidzidzi m'zipatala zazikulu ngati izi zimagwiranso ntchito pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Kodi madokotala awa amachita opaleshoni pa bala lililonse? Kodi amagwira ntchito okha?

Madokotala ochita opaleshoni ya ngozi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la gulu lalikulu lachipatala.Nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi madokotala a opaleshoni ya mitsempha ndi madokotala a mafupa, chifukwa pakagwa ngozi yaikulu, ubongo, msana, kapena mafupa zimatha kuwonongeka. Pazochitika zotere, thandizo la akatswiri oyenerera ndilofunika. Amagwiranso ntchito ndi madokotala, anamwino, ndi ogwira ntchito zina zachipatala m'chipinda chodzidzimutsa kuti achiritse anthu omwe avulala kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi ntchito ya gulu.

Pomaliza, chinthu chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira

Palibe aliyense wa ife amene amayembekezera kukumana ndi ngozi kapena kufunikira chithandizo chadzidzidzi chifukwa cha matenda oopsa. Koma, mosayembekezereka, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amakumana ndi zinthu zimenezi chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimafuna 'Chisamaliro Chofunikira' mwachangu.

Nthawi ngati izi, pankhondo pakati pa moyo ndi imfa, ndi "Madokotala Ochita Opaleshoni Ovulala Kwambiri" awa omwe ali patsogolo akumenyana kuti apulumutse miyoyo.

Ali ndi maphunziro apadera komanso chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali. Amatha kuzindikira mwachangu matenda osiyanasiyana omwe angawopseze moyo ndikuchita chithandizo ndi opaleshoni yofunikira. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akufunika opaleshoni yadzidzidzi, dokotala wanu wa opaleshoni ya ngozi, pamodzi ndi madokotala ena, adzakhala gulu lomwe lidzakusamalirani mpaka mutachira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ntchito za madokotala awa ndi zamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Ali ngati ngwazi zosayamikirika za anthu athu.

Ngozi , Madokotala Ochita Opaleshoni, Madokotala Ochita Opaleshoni Yovulala, Chithandizo Chadzidzidzi, Kuvulala, Maopaleshoni, Oteteza Anthu Ovulala