Ndizachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa dokotala wanu akakuuzani kapena wina m'banja mwanu kuti muyenera kudyetsedwa kudzera mu chubu. "Ndidya bwanji tsopano?", "Kodi izi zitha kukhala nthawi yayitali?", ndi zina zotero. Mafunso ambiri angabwere m'maganizo. Koma iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yotetezeka yopatsa thupi zakudya ndi madzi ofunikira kwa munthu amene sangathe kutafuna ndi kumeza chakudya bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane za chilichonse mwachidule lero.
Mwachidule, kodi kudyetsa mwana pogwiritsa ntchito chubu n'chiyani?
Kudyetsa mwana pogwiritsa ntchito chubu, kapena m'mawu azachipatala, "Enteral Nutrition," ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chubu chapulasitiki chofewa komanso chofewa (chubu) kuti mupereke chakudya chamadzimadzi chopatsa thanzi mwachindunji mu "Gastrointestinal Tract" yanu. Nthawi zina, chubuchi chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popereka mankhwala.
Taganizirani izi motere. Nthawi zambiri, timadya chakudya kudzera mkamwa mwathu, ndipo chimadutsa m'mimba mwathu, kenako chimapita m'matumbo mwathu. Koma ngati pazifukwa zina ulendowu sungatheke, timapanga njira ina. Umu ndi momwe zilili ndi izi. Chubu ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza chakudya chomwe sichingadutse mkamwa mwathu ndi m'mimba mwathu mwachindunji m'mimba mwathu kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.
Kodi pali mitundu ina iliyonse ya machubu odyetsera?
Inde, amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo, makamaka kutengera komwe aikidwa komanso nthawi yomwe agwiritsidwa ntchito.
Machubu ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yochepa (osakwana milungu 4-6)
Izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa kudzera m'mphuno. Mungathenso kuyikidwa kaye chubu kuti muwone momwe thupi lanu limayankhira zakudya zamadzimadzizi.
| Mtundu wa chubu | Njira |
|---|---|
| Chubu cha Nasogastric (NG) | Kuyambira pa mchombo mpaka m'mimba. |
| Chubu cha Nasoduodenal (chubu cha Nasoduodenal - ND) | Kuchokera pa mchombo kupita ku gawo loyamba la matumbo ang'onoang'ono (duodenum). |
| Chubu cha Nasojejunal (NJ) | Kuchokera pa mchombo kupita ku gawo lachiwiri la matumbo ang'onoang'ono (jejunum). |
Machubu ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali (kupitirira milungu 4-6)
Ngati pakufunika chubu chodyetsera mwana kwa nthawi yayitali, madokotala angakulangizeni kuti muyike chubu kudzera m'khoma la m'mimba mwachindunji m'mimba kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu opaleshoni yaying'ono.
| Mtundu wa chubu | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Chubu cha m'mimba (chubu cha G) | Chubu chomwe chimalowetsedwa mwachindunji m'mimba kudzera pakhungu la m'mimba. |
| Chubu cha Jejunostomy (chubu cha J) | Chubu chomwe chimalowetsedwa kudzera pakhungu la m'mimba mwachindunji mpaka gawo lachiwiri la matumbo ang'onoang'ono (jejunum). |
| Chubu cha Gastrostomy-jejunostomy (chubu cha GJ) | Chubu ichi chimalowetsedwa m'mimba kenako chimapita ku jejunum, matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Chili ndi madoko awiri. G-port imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa madzi m'mimba ndikupereka mankhwala, ndipo J-port imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka chakudya. |
Ndi anthu amtundu wanji omwe amafunika kudyetsedwa kudzera mu chubu ngati ichi?
Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti, "N’chifukwa chiyani munthu angafunikire chinthu chonga ichi?" Chifukwa chachikulu n’chakuti sangathe kupeza zakudya zokwanira kudzera m’kamwa mwake. Njira imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri makamaka ngati ali ndi vuto lotchedwa "Dysphagia", lomwe limapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutafuna kapena kumeza chakudya.
Njira iyi imathandiza kusunga thanzi la kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi lanu komanso dongosolo logaya chakudya m'thupi.
Zinthu zina zomwe pangafunike chubu ndi izi:
- Kuvuta kumeza chifukwa cha khansa ya mutu ndi khosi kapena kuvulala m'malo amenewo.
- Matenda aakulu a kudya.
- Mavuto a m'mimba ndi m'matumbo, monga kuchepa kwa chitoliro cha chakudya.
- Matenda omwe amasokoneza kuyamwa kwa michere m'thupi, monga matenda oopsa a Crohn.
- Matenda a mitsempha monga sitiroko .
- Kutaya mphamvu yakumeza kwakanthawi chifukwa cha opaleshoni yaposachedwa kapena matenda.
- Mikhalidwe ya kusazindikira `(Coma)`.
Kodi mumapeza chidziwitso chotani mukayika chubu?
Izi zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chubu chomwe muli nacho komanso chifukwa chake. Mukakhala kuchipatala, osamalira ana adzasamalira kukupatsani chakudya kudzera mu chubucho ndikuchiyeretsa. Komabe, ngati mutapita kunyumba ndi chubucho, inu ndi osamalira anu mudzaphunzitsidwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndikuchisamalira.
Kodi chubu chimalowetsedwa bwanji m'thupi?
Izi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa kuchipatala, koma mutha kupitiriza kuzigwiritsa ntchito kunyumba.
- Chubu cha m'mphuno: Iyi si njira yaikulu. Itha kuchitika mukagona pabedi. Dokotala kapena namwino wophunzitsidwa bwino adzapangitsa kuti chubucho chisamveke bwino ndikuchilowetsa mosamala kudzera m'mphuno mwanu m'mimba kapena m'matumbo mwanu. Mungapemphedwe kuti mumwe madzi kudzera mu udzu panthawiyi, kuti chubucho chizimira mosavuta.
- Chubu cha m'mimba: Izi zimafuna opaleshoni yaying'ono. Muyenera kusala kudya kwa maola pafupifupi 8 musanachite opaleshoniyi. Ngati mukumwa mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka magazi, mudzapemphedwa kuti musiye kumwa kwa masiku angapo. Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu kuti musamve kupweteka kulikonse . Pali njira zingapo zochitira opaleshoniyi:
- Endoscopy: Chubu chokhala ndi kamera chimayikidwa kudzera pakamwa kuti chiyang'ane mkati mwa mimba. Pakhungu la m'mimba pamadulidwa pang'ono ndipo chubucho chimayikidwa.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito X-ray: Chubucho chimayikidwa poyang'ana zithunzi za X-ray kuti mudziwe malo oyenera.
- Kudzera mu opaleshoni: Nthawi zina chubucho chimayikidwa kudzera mu opaleshoni yotseguka kapena laparoscopy (kudzera mu kudula pang'ono pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito kamera).
Kodi mumapeza bwanji chakudya kudzera mu chubu?
Pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi.
1. Kudyetsa chakudya chambiri: Monga momwe timadyera katatu patsiku, chakudya chamadzimadzi chimaperekedwa mu chubu nthawi zina za tsiku pogwiritsa ntchito syringe. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imachitika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chubu m'mimba mwawo chifukwa m'mimba amatha kunyamula chakudya chambiri nthawi imodzi.
2. Kudyetsa mwana mosalekeza: Ngati chubucho chaikidwa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, sizingatheke kudyetsa mwana wambiri nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, pampu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa mwana pang'onopang'ono mosalekeza kwa maola ambiri.
Dokotala wanu komanso katswiri wa zakudya adzawerengera kuchuluka kwa ma calories, mavitamini, ndi mapuloteni omwe mukufuna ndikupangira njira yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito.
Zofunika:Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mwana akhale pansi pa madigiri 45 pamene akudya komanso kwa maola angapo atatha kudya. Kulephera kutero kungayambitse chakudya kulowa mu mpweya wopuma ndikuyambitsa chibayo cha aspiration.
Kodi mumasamalira bwanji chubu ndi khungu lozungulira?
Muyenera kuteteza chubu kuti chisatsekeke komanso kupewa matenda kuti asapitirire kuzungulira chubucho.
| Zoyenera kusamalira | Zoyenera kuchita |
|---|---|
| Malo oikiramo |
|
| Chubucho chokha |
Chenjezo: Musayese kuchotsa chubu chotsekedwa ndi chilichonse chonga waya. Izi zitha kuwononga chubucho ndi thupi lanu.
Kodi zoopsa zake ndi ziti?
Pakhoza kukhala kupweteka m'mimba ndi kutupa m'mimba kwa masiku oyamba mutalowetsa chubu. Muthanso kuvutika m'mimba ndi kutsegula m'mimba pamene thupi lanu likuzolowera zakudya zatsopano. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha mkati mwa masiku ochepa.
Chiwopsezo cha mavuto ena n'chochepa, koma ndibwino kudziwa:
- Chubucho chakhala chomangika, chowonongeka, kapena chotuluka m'malo mwake.
- Matenda pamalo pomwe chubucho chalowetsedwa.
- Kudzimbidwa kosalekeza, nseru, kapena kutsegula m'mimba.
- Chakudya cholowa m'mapapo (Aspiration pneumonia).
Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse pa chilichonse chonga ichi, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kudyetsa mwana kudzera mu chubu ndi njira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza yopezera chakudya kwa munthu amene sangathe kudya ndi pakamwa. Musachite mantha.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga chubu ndi khungu lozungulira kukhala zoyera. Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala molondola.
- Ngati chubucho chatsekeka, chatuluka, kapena chikuwonetsa zizindikiro za matenda (kufiira, kutupa, kupweteka), funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Ngati chubu chatsopano chatulutsidwa, ndi chadzidzidzi. Pitani ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) nthawi yomweyo.
- Ngakhale kuti sizingamveke ngati kudya chakudya, njira iyi imapatsa thupi lanu mphamvu ndi zakudya zomwe zimafunika kuti likhale ndi moyo. Ndi chilimbikitso chachikulu paulendo wanu wochira.
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