Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba m'njira yosavuta.

Kodi mwana wanu mwadzidzidzi ali ndi ludzu kwambiri ndipo akukodza pafupipafupi? Kodi wayamba kunyowetsa bedi usiku? Kapena akuchepetsa thupi ngakhale akudya bwino? Musanyalanyaze zinthuzi ngati zachilendo. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda otchedwa Type 1 Diabetes. Uwu ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ana aang'ono, achinyamata, komanso nthawi zina akuluakulu. Koma musadandaule, tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

Mwachidule, kodi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndi chiyani?

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha vuto la chitetezo chamthupi chathu. Kunena zoona, ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi . Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo chamthupi chathu chimalimbana ndi majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda. Koma pankhaniyi, chitetezo chamthupi chathu chimalakwika ndipo chimayamba kuwononga maselo a kapamba athu omwe amapanga insulin.

Taganizirani za insulin ngati kiyi yomwe imatsegula zitseko za maselo m'thupi lathu. Kuti shuga (shuga) mu chakudya chomwe timadya alowe m'maselo ngati mphamvu, kiyi ya insulin iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake maselo amenewo akawonongeka, kupanga insulin kumayima kwathunthu. Chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti shuga m'magazi sangalowe m'maselo ndipo amasonkhana m'magazi. Timatcha izi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (hyperglycemia). Ngati izi sizikulamuliridwa, zitha kuwononga thupi kwambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndi ziti? Kodi mumazindikira bwanji?

Zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimatha kukhala zazikulu pakatha masiku kapena milungu ingapo. Ngati inu kapena munthu wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi zizindikiro zimenezi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala mwamsanga kuti akakupatseni upangiri.

Zizindikiro zadzidzidzi izi zimasonyeza matenda oopsa otchedwa Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Ngati muwona chinthu chonga ichi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Zadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala mwamsanga.

Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Chifukwa chake ndi chiyani?

Asayansi sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, koma amakhulupirira kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa majini ndi zinthu zachilengedwe .

Mwachidule, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi chibadwa choyambitsa matendawa. Kenako, kachilombo kapena china chake m'chilengedwe chingayambitse chitetezo cha mthupi kuyambitsa kuukira kolakwika.

Ngati wina m'banjamo ali ndi matendawa, chiopsezo choti ena adwale matendawa chimakhala chachikulu pang'ono.

• Ngati palibe aliyense m'banjamo amene ali ndi matendawa, chiopsezo chake ndi munthu mmodzi pa anthu 250 aliwonse.
• Ngati mayi ali ndi vutoli, chiopsezo chili pakati pa 1 pa 25 ndi 1 pa 100.
• Ngati bambo ali ndi vutoli, chiopsezo chake ndi munthu m'modzi pa anthu 17 aliwonse.
• Ngati makolo onse awiri ali ndi vutoli, chiopsezocho chikhoza kukhala pakati pa 1 pa 10 ndi 1 pa 4.

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndi ati?

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kosalamulirika kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kuwononga ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mkati mwa mulingo woyenera.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo:

• Mavuto a maso: zinthu monga kulephera kuona bwino (retinopathy), matenda a maso.
• Mavuto a mapazi: Kusanza miyendo, mabala omwe sachira ndipo amakhala aakulu.
• Matenda a mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Matenda a impso: Kuwonongeka kwa impso pakapita nthawi.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (Neuropathy): Zinthu monga dzanzi ndi kumva kuwawa m'miyendo.
• Matenda a pakhungu: Khungu louma, matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha sitiroko .

M'malo moopa zinthu izi, kumbukirani kuti mutha kudziteteza ku zovuta zonsezi mwa kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi mwanu bwino. Komanso, kukhala ndi matendawa kungayambitse kupsinjika maganizo ndi kuvutika maganizo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusamalira thanzi lanu la maganizo komanso thanzi lanu lakuthupi . Funani upangiri wa dokotala ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosavuta. Dokotala wanu adzachita mayeso awa:

• Kuyezetsa shuga m'magazi: Matendawa akapezeka, shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera kwambiri.
• Kuyesa kwa A1c (Glycosylated hemoglobin test): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu m'miyezi itatu yapitayi.
• Kuyesa kwa ma antibodies: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri. Ngati ma antibodies odziyimira pawokha okhudzana ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba alipo m'magazi, amatsimikiziridwa ngati mtundu woyamba.

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuchita zinthu monga kuyesa mkodzo kuti muwone ngati pali ma ketones mumkodzo.

Kodi imachiritsidwa ndi kuyendetsedwa bwanji?

Kukhala ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba kumatanthauza kuti muyenera kumwa insulin tsiku lililonse kuti mukhale ndi moyo. Izi sizingachitike ndi piritsi. Insulin imapulumutsa moyo wa odwalawa. Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikusunga shuga m'magazi mwabwinobwino.

Izi sizinthu zomwe muyenera kuchita nokha. Gulu la akatswiri a matenda a shuga ndi endocrinologist lingakuthandizeni. Koma muyenera kupanga zisankho tsiku lililonse. Pali magawo atatu akuluakulu okhudza kasamalidwe ka matenda:

1. Chithandizo cha insulin

2. Kuwunika shuga m'magazi

3. Maphunziro ndi Chidziwitso Chofunikira (Maphunziro)

Njira zopezera insulin

Pali mitundu ingapo ya insulin. Imasiyana malinga ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito mwachangu komanso nthawi yomwe imakhalapo m'thupi. Mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoposa imodzi. Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zopezera insulin:

• Jakisoni wambiri tsiku lililonse (MDI): Kulowetsa insulin mu mafuta omwe ali pansi pa khungu kangapo patsiku pogwiritsa ntchito syringe.
• Cholembera cha Insulin: Ichi ndi chipangizo chofanana ndi cholembera chomwe chimabwera kale ndi insulin. N'chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa jakisoni.
• Pampu ya insulin: Ichi ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe chimapereka insulin m'thupi lonse pamlingo wofunikira tsiku lonse kudzera mu chubu chaching'ono chomwe chimayikidwa pansi pa khungu.
• Insulin yopumira:Palinso mtundu wa insulin womwe umapumidwa kudzera pakamwa, wofanana ndi mankhwala opumitsira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala mphumu.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe mukufuna kumatha kusintha tsiku ndi tsiku, malinga ndi zaka, nthawi yomwe mumayamba kudwala, kapena panthawi ya mimba.

Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga

Muyenera kusamala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu tsiku lonse.

• Choyezera shuga m'magazi: Chipangizo chomwe chimayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi potenga dontho laling'ono la magazi kuchokera chala.
• CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring - CGM): Njira yomwe imayesa shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse mphindi zochepa zilizonse pogwiritsa ntchito sensa yaying'ono yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa khungu ndikutumiza detayo ku foni yanu kapena chipangizo china. Izi tsopano zikupezeka ku Sri Lanka.

Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mulingo woyenera wa shuga m'magazi. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuyesetsa kukhalabe pa mulingo umenewo.

Kodi matendawa angachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Mwatsoka, pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, koma asayansi akupitiliza kufufuza njira zopewera matendawa kapena kuwongolera kufalikira kwake.

M'mayiko ena otukuka, pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala ochizira matenda opatsirana, koma ndi oopsa kwambiri.

• Kusamutsa maselo a Islet: Kusamutsa maselo omwe amapanga insulin okha.
• Kusamutsa kapamba: Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi imodzi kwa odwala omwe akufunika kusamutsa impso.

Izi ndi njira zochiritsira zozikidwa pa kafukufuku zomwe sizikupezeka kwa aliyense ndipo ndizoopsa.