Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala omwe anthu ambiri m'dera lathu masiku ano akukamba za iwo, ndipo ena amawaopa pang'ono. Muyenera kuti mwamvapo izi zikukambidwa kwambiri kunyumba, pakati pa achibale, komanso ndi anzanu. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mtundu wa matenda a shuga wofala kwambiri, 'Type 2 Diabetes'. Ngati izi zachitidwa bwino, si chinthu choopa, kumbukirani zimenezo poyamba.
Mwachidule, kodi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri ndi chiyani?
Chabwino, tiyeni timvetse izi mosavuta. Chakudya chomwe timadya chimawonjezera shuga (chomwe timachitcha "Glucose") m'magazi athu. Shuga uyu ndiye amene amapatsa thupi lathu mphamvu. Koma timafunikira wina woti atumize shuga uyu m'maselo a thupi lathu. Ntchito imeneyo imachitidwa ndi mahomoni otchedwa "Insulin", omwe amapangidwa ndi chiwalo chotchedwa kapamba wathu. Ganizirani za insulin ngati kiyi yomwe imatsegula zitseko za maselo athu.
Chimodzi mwa mavuto awiriwa chimachitika mu matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2.
1. Kukana kwa Insulin: Nthawi zina maselo a thupi lathu sayankha bwino kiyi imeneyo (insulin). Zili ngati bowo la kiyi pachitseko lachita dzimbiri. Kenako, ngakhale kuti insulin ilipo, zitseko za maselo sizimatseguka.
2. Kusowa kwa insulin: Pakapita nthawi, kapamba wathu amagwira ntchito molimbika kuti apange insulin kuti athetse kukana kumeneku. Koma pakapita nthawi, amatopa kwambiri ndipo samatha kupanga insulin yokwanira.
Pazifukwa ziwirizi, shuga m'magazi sangalowe m'maselo ndipo amasonkhana m'magazi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timatcha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi `(Hyperglycemia) .` Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa munthu wathanzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 70-99 mg/dL. Komabe, mwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kumeneku kumatha kukhala 126 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo.
Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti? Onani ngati muli nazonso
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zapadera zokhudza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndichakuti zizindikiro zake nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Choncho anthu ena sangadziwe kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga kwa zaka zambiri. Koma muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Ludzu lobwerezabwereza | Shuga wambiri m'magazi amachititsa kuti impso zizigwira ntchito molimbika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti madzi azisungidwa m'thupi ndipo zimakupangitsani kumva ngati mukufuna kumwa madzi ambiri. |
| Kukodza pafupipafupi | Muyenera kukodza pafupipafupi chifukwa mumamwa madzi ambiri ndipo impso zanu zikuyesera kuchotsa shuga wochulukirapo m'thupi lanu. |
| Kumva njala kuposa masiku onse | Popeza shuga salowa m'maselo, thupi sililandira mphamvu zomwe limafunikira. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse limatumiza uthenga ku ubongo kuti "Ndili ndi njala." |
| Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse | Thupi limakhala lopanda moyo komanso lotopa chifukwa maselo sangathe kupeza shuga yomwe imapanga mphamvu. |
| Kuchira kwa bala mochedwa | Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumasokoneza kuyenda kwa magazi ndikuwononga mitsempha, zomwe zingachedwetse kuchira kwa mabala. |
| Kusanza kapena kumva kuwawa m'miyendo | Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuwononga mitsempha. Timatcha izi kuti ``Neuropathies``. |
| Maso osawoneka bwino | Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kungakhudze diso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maso asaone bwino kwakanthawi. |
| Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa | Maselo akalephera kupeza shuga kuti apeze mphamvu, thupi limayamba kuswa minofu ndi mafuta kuti lipeze mphamvu. |
Kwa akazi, matenda a yisiti m'mimba kapena matenda a mkodzo (UTIs) nthawi zambiri amathanso kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga. Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti akupatseni upangiri.
N’chifukwa chiyani timadwala matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri? Kodi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi ziti?
Palibe chifukwa chimodzi chokha chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga. Ndi kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zambiri.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti matenda a shuga si matenda omwe ndi vuto lanu. Ndi zotsatira za njira yovuta yachilengedwe.
Chifukwa chachikulu ndi ``Insulin Resistance'' yomwe tidakambirana kale. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza izi ndi izi:
- Majini: Ngati amayi anu, abambo anu, kapena abale anu ali ndi matenda a shuga, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati m'modzi mwa makolo anu ali ndi matenda a shuga, muli ndi mwayi wa 40% wotenga matendawa. Ngati makolo onse awiri ali nawo, chiwerengerocho chimawonjezeka kufika pa 70%. Koma sizikutanthauza kuti mudzadwala matendawa. Zimangotanthauza kuti muyenera kusamala kwambiri.
- Kunenepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri: Mafuta a m'mimba, makamaka mafuta omwe amasonkhana m'mimba ndi kuzungulira ziwalo zamkati, ndi omwe amachititsa kuti insulin isagwire bwino ntchito.
- Kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Kukana kwa insulin kumawonjezekanso pamene zochita zolimbitsa thupi zikuchepa.
- Zakudya Zosapatsa Thanzi: Kudya zakudya zomwe zimakonzedwa bwino nthawi zonse, zokhala ndi chakudya chambiri, komanso zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri okhuta ndi chiopsezo.
- Zaka: Chiwopsezo chimawonjezeka munthu akakwanitsa zaka 45.
- Matenda ena: Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, matenda a shuga a m'mimba, komanso matenda a polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Ndi mavuto otani omwe angachitike ngati matenda a shuga sakulamuliridwa?
Apa ndi pamene tonsefe tiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri. Ngakhale titadziwa kuti tili ndi matenda a shuga, ngati sakulamuliridwa bwino, pakapita nthawi akhoza kuwononga ziwalo zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu.
| Thupi lakhudzidwa | Zovuta zomwe zingatheke |
|---|---|
| Mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi | Matenda a mtima, sitiroko, kuthamanga kwa magazi. |
| Maso | Matenda a retinopathy, cataracts, glaucoma, ndipo pamapeto pake khungu. |
| Impso | Impso zimatha kuonongeka ndipo pamapeto pake zimatha kulephera kugwira ntchito. |
| Dongosolo la mitsempha | Kusanza, kutentha, kupweteka kwa miyendo. Nthawi zina, ngakhale kuvulala kwa miyendo sikungadziwike. |
| Mapazi | Mabala omwe amapangidwa mwangozi amatha kusachiritsidwa, kutenga matenda, ndipo pamapeto pake amatsogolera ku kufunikira kochotsa gawo la phazi. |
Kuphatikiza apo, vuto loopsa lomwe lingachitike mwadzidzidzi limatchedwa `(Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State - HHS). Pankhaniyi, shuga m'magazi amakhala okwera kwambiri kwa masiku angapo, thupi limakhala lopanda madzi okwanira m'thupi, ndipo chikumbumtima chimafooka. Imeneyi ndi ngozi yoopsa kwambiri komanso yowopsa. Ngati zizindikiro zotere zichitika, muyenera kutengedwera nthawi yomweyo ku chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga, dokotala wanu adzakuyesani magazi pang'ono kuti atsimikizire kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga.
- Kuyesa Kusala Kudya kwa Glucose wa Plasma: Izi zimachitika m'mawa musanayambe kudya kapena kumwa chilichonse kwa maola pafupifupi 8. Ngati shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi 126 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo, mwina ndi matenda a shuga.
- Kuyesa kwa Glucose mu Plasma Mwachisawawa: Izi zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku. Ngati shuga wanu uli pa 200 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo, ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga.
- Kuyeza kwa A1C: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu m'miyezi 2-3 yapitayi. Ngati mtengo uwu ndi 6.5% kapena kupitirira apo, zimatsimikizira matenda a shuga.
Mayeso awa ndi njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga kapena ayi.
Kodi mungatani kuti muthane ndi matenda a shuga?
Chabwino, tsopano tafika pa gawo lofunika kwambiri. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe, ngakhale kuti sangachiritsidwe, amatha kulamulidwa bwino ndipo amatha kuyendetsedwa bwino kuti akhale ndi moyo wathanzi popanda zovuta zilizonse . Zili ngati masewera a timu. Inu, dokotala wanu, katswiri wa zakudya, ndi banja lanu muyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti muchite izi.
Pali zinthu zitatu zazikulu:
1. Kusintha kwa moyo (zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi)
2. Mankhwala (mankhwala)
3. Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'nyumba
1. Kusintha kwa moyo
Ichi ndiye maziko a chithandizo. N'zovuta kuwongolera izi ndi mankhwala okha.
- Zakudya: Musamaope kunena kuti "zakudya," sizikutanthauza kungodya chakudya chopanda chakudya, chopanda chakudya. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa zakudya kuti mupange zakudya zoyenera. Kawirikawiri, ndi bwino kuphatikiza ndiwo zamasamba zopanda chakudya, zakudya zokhala ndi ulusi wambiri, mapuloteni opanda mafuta (nsomba, nkhuku), ndi mafuta abwino (avokado, mtedza) muzakudya zanu.
- Kuchita Masewera Olimbitsa Thupi: Ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta monga kuyenda mwachangu kwa mphindi 30 patsiku, masiku 5 pa sabata, kungathandize kwambiri kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi mwanu. Tikamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, maselo athu amakhala omasuka kwambiri ndi insulin.
2. Mankhwala (mankhwala)
Anthu ena amavutika kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi mwawo ngakhale atasintha moyo wawo. Nthawi imeneyi ndi pamene dokotala amalemba mankhwala.
- Mankhwala Omwedwa: Mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa nthawi zambiri, monga Metformin, amagwira ntchito yochepetsa kukana kwa insulin m'thupi ndikulamulira kupanga shuga ndi chiwindi.
- Jakisoni wa insulin: Kupanga kwa insulin kwa anthu ena kumachepa kwambiri pakapita nthawi. Kenako amafunika kumwa insulin kunja kwa thupi monga jakisoni. Kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito insulin sikutanthauza kuti vuto lanu ndi lalikulu. Ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yowongolera shuga.
3. Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'nyumba
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, monga momwe dokotala wanu akulangizira. Izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa momwe zakudya zomwe mumadya, masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe mumachita, ndi mankhwala omwe mumamwa zimakhudzira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu.
Kodi matenda a shuga angachiritsidwe kwathunthu?
Funso limene anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi ili. Yankho lalifupi ndi lakuti "ayi." Matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri ndi matenda osatha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhala nafe moyo wathu wonse.
Koma ngakhale kuti sichingathe kuchiritsidwa, chikhoza kubweretsedwa mu "chikhululukiro," kutanthauza kuti palibe zizindikiro ndipo shuga m'magazi mwanu ali mkati mwa malire abwinobwino popanda mankhwala. Anthu ena amatha kuchita izi, makamaka pochepetsa thupi komanso kusintha kwambiri moyo wawo. Koma si kwa aliyense. Komanso, ngati mubwerera ku zizolowezi zanu zakale, shuga m'magazi mwanu akhoza kukweranso.
Choncho chinthu chabwino kwambiri kuchita ndi kuphunzira kukhala nacho, m'malo moyesa kuchichiritsa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri ndi pamene thupi lanu silingathe kugwiritsa ntchito insulin moyenera. Si chinthu choopa, ndi chinthu chomwe chingayendetsedwe bwino.
- Zizindikiro monga ludzu lobwerezabwereza, kukodza pafupipafupi, komanso kutopa zingawonekere pang'onopang'ono. Choncho samalani thupi lanu.
- Kuyang'anira ndi ntchito ya gulu. Inu, dokotala wanu, ndi banja lanu muyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi.
- Zakudya zabwino komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndiye maziko a chithandizo. Mankhwala ndi chithandizo china.
- Mukapita kwa dokotala wanu nthawi yake komanso kukayezetsa maso, impso, ndi mapazi anu, mungapewe mavuto aakulu.
- Ulendo uwu ndi wa moyo wonse, koma ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino, palibe chomwe chingakulepheretseni kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, wathanzi, komanso wachimwemwe.
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