Tonsefe timadziwa kuti udzudzu ndi wovuta pang'ono, sichoncho? Tikaluma pang'ono, sitisamala kwambiri. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti kuluma kwa udzudzu kungayambitse matenda oopsa omwe angakhudze moyo wanu? Malungo ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Uwu ndi matenda omwe angayambitse imfa ngati sanachiritsidwe bwino. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tipeze mayankho a mafunso onse omwe tili nawo okhudza malungo ndi momwe tingadzitetezere ku matendawa.
Mwachidule, kodi malungo ndi chiyani?
Malungo ndi matenda omwe amafalikira kuchokera ku udzudzu wina kupita ku wina. Komabe, si udzudzu wonse womwe ungafalitse matendawa. Amafalikira ndi udzudzu wachikazi wa Anopheles. Udzudzu uwu umakhala mkati mwa tizilombo tating'ono kwambiri. Kunena zoona, dzina la tizilomboti ndi Plasmodium.
Taganizirani za udzudzu uwu ngati munthu wobweretsa. Umabweretsa 'phukusi' loopsa (tizilombo timeneti) m'thupi lanu. Udzudzu ukakulumani, tizilomboti timalowa m'magazi mwanu pamodzi ndi malovu ake.
Kenako tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timapita mwachindunji ku chiwindi chanu. Kumeneko, timachulukana mwakachetechete, popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti timabereka ana ambiri. Pambuyo pa milungu ingapo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atsopano ambirimbiri timalowanso m'magazi mwanu ndikuyamba kuukira maselo ofiira a magazi anu. Pamenepo ndi pamene mumayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za malungo.
Matendawa akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri kwa ana osakwana zaka 5. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.
Kodi zizindikiro za malungo ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za malungo poyamba zimaoneka ngati chimfine. Choncho nthawi zina simungaganize kuti ndi malungo. Koma zizindikirozi zimatha kukulirakulira pang'onopang'ono.
Zizindikirozi zimatha kuonekera patatha masiku angapo mpaka mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene udzudzu waluma. Anthu ena sangasonyeze zizindikiro zilizonse kwa chaka chimodzi.
Tiyeni tiwone bwino zizindikiro zazikulu.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Malungo ndi kuzizira | Mwadzidzidzi, mukumva kuzizira kwambiri ndipo mumayamba kunjenjemera. Kenako mumamva kutentha kwambiri, thukuta, kenako kutenthako kumachepa. Izi zimatha kubwereranso mwakamodzi. |
| Kupweteka mutu ndi minofu | Ndi zachilendo kukhala ndi mutu wosapiririka komanso kupweteka kwa minofu. |
| Kutopa | Kumva kutopa kwambiri moti simungathe kuchita chilichonse. |
| Kusanza, kusanza, ndi kuvutika m'mimba | Kusanza, kusanza, ndi kutsegula m'mimba kungaonekenso. |
| Kutuluka kwachikasu pakhungu ndi maso (Jaundice) | Maselo ofiira a m'magazi akamawonongeka, khungu ndi zoyera za m'maso zimatha kukhala zachikasu. |
| Mkodzo wakuda | Mkodzo ukhoza kukhala wakuda, nthawi zina kukhala ndi magazi. |
| Kuvuta kupuma ndi khunyu | Matendawa akakula kwambiri, zizindikiro zazikulu ngati izi zingawonekere. |
Kodi matendawa amafalikira bwanji?
Monga ndanenera kale, matendawa amafalikira makamaka kudzera mu kulumidwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilombo ka malungo.
Koma nthawi zambiri, imatha kufalikira m'njira zina.
- Kuchokera kwa mayi woyembekezera kupita kwa mwana: Mwana wobadwa kwa mayi wodwala malungo akhozanso kutenga matendawa.
- Kuika magazi: Kupereka magazi ochokera kwa munthu wodwala kupita kwa munthu wathanzi.
- Kuika chiwalo: Mwa kuyika chiwalo kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito singano zobayidwa ndi jekeseni: Mwa kugawana singano imodzi ya jekeseni pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti malungo si matenda omwe angafalitsidwe kudzera mu kukhudzana, kuyetsemula, kugawana chakudya, kapena kukumbatirana.
Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?
Ngakhale kuti aliyense angathe kutenga malungo, anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga mavuto aakulu chifukwa cha matendawa.
- Ana aang'ono osakwana zaka 5: Popeza chitetezo chawo cha mthupi sichinakule bwino, zimakhala zovuta kuti athane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Amayi oyembekezera: Pa nthawi ya mimba, chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepa pang'ono mwachibadwa. Izi zingapangitse malungo kukhala ovuta kwambiri, ndipo zingayambitse mavuto monga kubadwa msanga komanso kubadwa kwa ana olemera pang'ono.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka: Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, monga omwe ali ndi matenda monga HIV/AIDS ndi omwe akulandira chithandizo cha khansa, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
- Anthu oyenda ochokera kumadera omwe malungo safala: Munthu amene amakhala m'dziko lomwe malungo ndi ofala amakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi pakapita nthawi. Komabe, ngati titayenda kuchokera kudziko lopanda malungo ngati lathu kupita kudziko lotere, matendawa akhoza kukhala oopsa chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi zachilendo m'thupi lathu.
Ndi mayiko ati omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda a malungo?
Malungo amapezeka kwambiri m'maiko otentha omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yachinyezi.
- Mayiko aku Africa (ambiri)
- Central ndi South America
- Zilumba za ku Caribbean (monga Haiti, Dominican Republic)
- Mayiko ena ku South ndi Southeast Asia
- Zilumba za Nyanja ya Pacific
Mwamwayi, Sri Lanka ndi dziko lomwe lathetsa bwino malungo. Chifukwa chake, palibe chiopsezo chotenga malungo m'dziko lathu pano. Komabe, ngati mukupita kumayiko omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti mudziteteze ku malungo.
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?
Ngati mwapita kudziko lomwe malungo ndi ofala ndipo mukuwonetsa zizindikiro monga malungo, dokotala adzayamba waganiza kuti mwina muli ndi malungo.
Njira yabwino yotsimikizira izi ndikuchita mayeso a magazi .
1. Kupaka Magazi: Dontho laling'ono la magazi kuchokera chala chanu limayikidwa pa galasi loonera ndikuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Izi ziwonetsa bwino ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Plasmodium tili m'magazi. Zidzazindikiranso mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (P. falciparum, P. vivax, ndi zina zotero)
2. Mayeso Ofulumira Ozindikira Matenda: Izi zingapereke zotsatira mwachangu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri kuyezetsa pogwiritsa ntchito microscope kumachitika kuti atsimikizire matendawa.
Ngati mwangopita kudziko lina posachedwapa, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu. Chidziwitso chimenecho chingakuthandizeni kwambiri kupeza matenda olondola.
Kodi mankhwala a malungo ndi otani?
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti malungo ndi matenda ochiritsika kotheratu, koma amafunika kuchiritsidwa msanga komanso moyenera.
Chithandizo chimachitika ndi mankhwala omwe amapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a malungo. Mankhwalawa timawatcha kuti mankhwala oletsa malungo.
Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mupatsidwa udzadalira zinthu zingapo.
- Mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Plasmodium omwe muli nawo.
- Kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zanu.
- zaka zanu.
- Kaya muli ndi pakati kapena ayi.
- Kumene mudatenga matendawa (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a malungo tomwe timapezeka m'maiko ena sitingathe kulandira mankhwala ena).
Ena mwa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa nthawi zambiri ndi awa:
- `Artemether-lumefantrine`
- `Atovaquone-proguanil`
- "Chloroquine" kapena "Hydroxychloroquine"
- Doxycycline ( Doxycycline ( Doxycycline) )
- `Quinine`
- `Primaquine`
Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati piritsi kapena, pakakhala zovuta kwambiri, ngati jakisoni wa mtsempha (IV).
Chofunika kwambiri: Muyenera kumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani kwa nthawi yonse ya maphunziro omwe mwapatsidwa. Musasiye kumwa mankhwalawo chifukwa choti mukumva bwino. Kuchita zimenezi kungayambitse matendawa kubwereranso chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timatsala m'thupi lanu.
Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku malungo? (Kupewa)
Ngati mukupita kudziko lomwe malungo ndi ofala, ndi bwino "kuletsa matendawa kuti asakule m'malo mowachiza." Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe matendawa.
| Njira yopewera | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Mankhwala oletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa | Kaonaneni ndi dokotala musanapite. Dokotala wanu adzakulemberani mankhwala oletsa malungo oyenera dera lomwe mukupita. Muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa musanayambe ulendo wanu, panthawi yake, komanso mutatha. |
| Chitetezo ku udzudzu | - Ikani mankhwala opopera tizilombo okhala ndi DEET. - Valani zovala zazitali komanso zomasuka zomwe zimaphimba thupi lanu lonse momwe mungathere. - Gwiritsani ntchito ukonde woteteza udzudzu mukagona usiku. - Chepetsani nthawi yocheza panja nthawi yomwe udzudzu umakula kwambiri (madzulo ndi m'mawa kwambiri). |
| Katemera | Katemera wa malungo tsopano ukupezeka, koma pakadali pano akulangizidwa kwa ana aang'ono okha omwe amakhala m'maiko omwe malungo ndi ofala. Pakadali pano sakulangizidwa kwa apaulendo. |
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Malungo ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu omwe amatha kupha ngati sanachiritsidwe.
- Ngakhale kuti pakadali pano palibe chiopsezo chotenga malungo ku Sri Lanka, chiopsezocho chimakhala chachikulu ngati mupita ku Africa, South America, ndi mayiko ena aku Asia.
- Zizindikiro zoyamba zitha kufanana ndi chimfine wamba. Malungo amphamvu, kuzizira, ndi mutu waukulu ndi zizindikiro zazikulu.
- Ngati mutakhala ndi zizindikiro izi mutapita kudziko lomwe malungo amafalikira, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu za dziko lomwe mudapitako.
- Malungo amatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ngati atapezeka msanga ndikuchiritsidwa bwino.
- Mukapita kudziko lomwe malungo ndi ofala kwambiri, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziteteza ku udzudzu ndikumwa mankhwala oletsa malungo monga momwe dokotala walangizira.
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