Kodi tiyenera kudziwa za matenda oopsa a magazi ochokera ku mavairasi?

Kodi munamvapo za 'matenda otuluka magazi'? Mwina munamvapo m'nkhani pokamba za matenda oopsa monga Ebola. Ngakhale kumva dzinali kumakuchititsani mantha pang'ono, sichoncho? Iyi ndi nkhani yomwe tonsefe tiyenera kudziwa. Mwachidule, Matenda Otuluka Magazi Ochokera Kunja (VHF) ndi dzina lofala lomwe limaperekedwa ku gulu la matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Zimene mavairasi amenewa amachita ndi kuwononga mitsempha ya magazi m'thupi lathu, kusokoneza njira yachilengedwe youndana kwa magazi, komanso kupangitsa kuti thupi lizituluka magazi mosalamulirika.

Kodi mitundu iyi ya malungo otuluka magazi (VHFs) ndi iti?

Matenda ambiri amagwera m'gulu ili lotchedwa VHF. Ena ndi ofatsa kwambiri, koma ena akhoza kukhala oopsa. Matenda a dengue, omwe amadziwika bwino pakati pathu, nawonso ali m'gulu ili.

Izi ndi zina mwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya VHF yomwe imawoneka:

• Matenda a Ebola (EVD)
• Matenda a Marburg Virus (MVD)
• Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Hantavirus
• Matenda a Dengue - Izi ndizodziwika bwino kwa ife ku Sri Lanka, sichoncho?
• Malungo a Lassa
• Matenda a Chikasu
• Matenda a Kutuluka kwa Magazi ku Crimea-Congo (CCHF)

Kodi matenda amenewa amapezeka kuti kwambiri?

Mtundu uliwonse wa VHF uwu umapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kuti:

• Kuchokera kumayiko aku Africa: makamaka ochokera ku West ndi Central Africa.
• Kuchokera ku Central ndi South America.
• Kuchokera kumayiko aku Asia: Ku Asia, komwe tikukhala, matenda a VHF monga dengue nawonso ndi ofala.
• Kuchokera ku Zilumba za Pacific.

Kawirikawiri, matenda amenewa sapezeka kawirikawiri m'maiko monga America, Canada, ndi Europe. M'mayiko amenewo, matenda a Hantavirus okha ndi omwe amanenedwa kwambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a chimfine awa ndi ziti?

Ichi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa poyamba, zizindikiro za matendawa zimakhala zovuta kuzisiyanitsa ndi malungo wamba a kachilombo. Koma tiyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimawonekera pamene vutoli lili lalikulu.

N’chifukwa chiyani mavairasi amenewa amayambitsa kutuluka magazi?

Nkhaniyi ndi yovuta kwambiri. Mwachidule, mavairasi a VHF amenewa akalowa m'thupi mwathu, amachita zinthu ziwiri zazikulu.

1. Amawononga mitsempha yamagazi: Kachilomboka kamawononga makoma a mitsempha yamagazi yofewa m'thupi lathu lonse. Kenako, magazi amayamba kutuluka m'mitsempha imeneyo.

2. Kusokoneza magazi kuundana: Kawirikawiri, tikavulala m'thupi lathu, magazi amasiya kutuluka magazi chifukwa cha magazi kuundana. Kachilomboka kamasokoneza maselo (ma platelet) ndi mapuloteni omwe amagwira ntchito imeneyi. Kenako, ngakhale kutuluka magazi pang'ono sikungatheke.

Zifukwa ziwirizi zikagwirizana, magazi amayamba kutuluka mosalamulirika mkati ndi kunja kwa thupi.

Ndi mabanja ati a ma virus omwe amayambitsa izi?

Mavairasi omwe amayambitsa VHF akhoza kugawidwa m'mabanja anayi akuluakulu:

• Mavairasi a mu Arena
• Ma Filovirus (Ebola ndi Marburg ndi a m'banjali)
• Mavairasi a Bunya
• Ma flavivirus (dengue ndi yellow fever ndi a m'banjali)

Kodi matenda amenewa amafalikira bwanji?

Njira zomwe matenda awa amafalikira zimasiyana. Si ma VHF onse omwe amafalikira mwanjira yofanana. Kawirikawiri, pali njira zingapo zazikulu zomwe matendawa amatha kufalikira.

• Kulumidwa ndi udzudzu: Umu ndi momwe matenda monga dengue ndi yellow fever amafalikira.
• Kudzera mu kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa: Matenda monga Crimean-Congo fever amafalikira ndi nkhupakupa.
• Mwa kukhudzana ndi madzi a m'thupi la munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka:Pamene magazi, mkodzo, ndowe, malovu, mkaka wa m'mawere, umuna, kapena utsi wochokera ku nyini umalowa m'thupi kudzera m'bala, bala, kapena mucous nembanemba ya munthu wathanzi (matenda monga Ebola amatha kufalikira motere).
• Kukhudzana ndi madzi a m'thupi la nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka: Mitundu ina ya VHF imatha kufalikira kudzera mu kukhudzana ndi mkodzo ndi ndowe za nyama zazing'ono monga makoswe, anyani, ndi mileme.

Kodi matenda amenewa amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Mwatsoka, palibe "mankhwala" enieni a matenda ambiri a VHF. Matenda ochepa okha, monga Ebola, ndi omwe ayambitsa mankhwala atsopano oletsa mavairasi.

Choncho, nthawi zambiri chithandizo chothandizira chimaperekedwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuthandiza kuti thupi la wodwalayo lizigwira ntchito bwino.

• Kupatsa thupi madzi okwanira: Madzi amchere (IV fluids) amaperekedwa kudzera mumtsempha kuti apewe kutaya madzi m'thupi chifukwa cha kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba.
• Mpweya: Ngati pali vuto lopuma, mpweya umaperekedwa. Zingakhalenso zofunikira kulumikiza mpweya wopumira wamakina.
• Kuletsa zizindikiro: Mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti athetse zinthu monga malungo, ululu, ndi kusanza.
• Kuikidwa magazi: Ngati mukutuluka magazi ambiri kapena muli ndi ma platelet ochepa, mungafunike kulandira magazi kapena ma platelet.

Mu chipatala, odwalawa nthawi zambiri amalandira chithandizo padera kwa ena ndipo ali ndi njira zapadera zodzitetezera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti matendawa asafalikire kwa ena.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku matenda awa? (Kupewa)

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndi kudziteteza ku matenda oopsa awa. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tingachite kuti tichite zimenezo.

• Kulandira katemera: Pali katemera wa matenda angapo, monga malungo achikasu, dengue, ndi Ebola. Komabe, katemerayu sapezeka m'maiko onse. Ngati mukupita kudziko lomwe matenda amenewa ndi ofala, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala wanu za izi musanachoke.
• Chitetezo cha tizilombo: Chitani zonse zomwe mungathe kuti mudziteteze ku udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa.
• Valani zovala zophimba thupi lonse.
• Gwiritsani ntchito maukonde oteteza udzudzu.
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa udzudzu.
• Ngati pali malo oberekera udzudzu wa dengue pafupi, awonongeni.
• Pewani kukhudzana ndi ziweto: Pewani kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi ziweto zomwe zingathe kunyamula matenda amenewa, makamaka makoswe ndi mileme.
• Tsatirani njira zodzitetezera: Ngati mukusamalira wodwala ngati uyu (monga wogwira ntchito zachipatala), onetsetsani kuti mwavala Zipangizo Zodzitetezera (PPE) monga magolovesi, magalasi a maso, ndi zophimba nkhope. Pewani kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi madzi amthupi la wodwalayo.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukukhala m'dera lomwe matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri, mwapitako posachedwapa ku dera lina, kapena muli ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingakuike pachiwopsezo, ndipo mukuyamba zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa pamodzi ndi malungo, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi muyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo liti?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zotsatirazi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Pangozi (ETU) yapafupi mwamsanga. Ndikofunikanso kudziwitsa ogwira ntchito kuti mukukayikira kuti muli ndi VHF mukapita kuchipatala.

• Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa, pakhosi, kapena m'mimba
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kusanza kapena kutsegula m'mimba komwe sikungathe kuthetsedwa
• Kukhala ndi khunyu
• Kusokonezeka kapena kutaya chidziwitso
• Kutuluka magazi mosalamulirika kulikonse m'thupi