Kodi Mosaicism ndi chiyani? Dziwani za maselo m'thupi lanu omwe ali ndi majini osiyanasiyana

Tikudziwa kuti matupi athu amapangidwa ndi maselo ambirimbiri. Nthawi zambiri timaganiza kuti maselo onsewa ali ndi chidziwitso chofanana cha majini, monga makope ambiri a pulani yofanana. Koma nthawi zina izi zingakhale zosiyana pang'ono. Tangoganizani kuti maselo ena m'thupi lanu ali ndi pulani yofanana ya majini, ndipo maselo ena ali ndi pulani yosiyana pang'ono ya majini. Ndicho chimene timachitcha kuti mosaicism mu zamankhwala.

Mwachidule, kodi Mosaicism ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Mosaicism ndi kukhalapo kwa magulu awiri kapena angapo a maselo osiyana m'thupi la munthu m'modzi. Izi zili ngati luso la mosaic. Monga momwe matailosi ang'onoang'ono amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe amagwirira ntchito pamodzi kuti apange chithunzi chokongola, chomwe chimachitika apa ndikuti maselo okhala ndi majini osiyanasiyana amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti apange thupi limodzi.

Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha ma chromosome. Munthu wathanzi amakhala ndi ma chromosome 46 mu selo lililonse. Komabe, mwa munthu amene ali ndi mosaicism, maselo ena amakhala ndi ma chromosome 46, pomwe gulu lina la maselo lingakhale ndi nambala yosiyana, monga ma chromosome 47 kapena 45. Kusiyana kumeneku kwa majini kungayambitse mavuto ena azaumoyo pobadwa, ndipo nthawi zina mavuto pambuyo pake.

Ndi matenda ati omwe angagwirizane ndi mosaicism?

Kukhulupirira mizimu kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma zotsatira zake zimasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa maselo osazolowereka m'thupi komanso ziwalo zomwe maselowo ali. Tiyeni tiwone matenda ena akuluakulu okhudzana ndi izi.

Kuphatikiza apo, mosaicism ikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zolakwika zina za chromosome, monga Turner syndrome, ndi mitundu ina ya khansa, makamaka khansa ya m'magazi.

N’chifukwa chiyani vutoli limachitika?

Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri mwangozi. Izi sizichitika chifukwa cha kulakwa kwa wina aliyense. Tangoganizirani, dzira la mayi likapatsidwa umuna ndi umuna wa bambo, selo loyamba (zygote) lomwe limapangidwa limayamba kugawikana. Mwanjira imeneyi, pamene selo limodzi likugawikana kukhala awiri, awiri, anayi, anayi, asanu ndi atatu, ndi zina zotero, mluza umakula.

Pa nthawi yogawa maselo, selo lililonse latsopano liyenera kulandira kopi yeniyeni ya ma chromosome a selo loyambirira. Koma nthawi zambiri, cholakwika chingachitike panthawi yokopera. Cholakwikacho chingapangitse selo latsopano kukhala ndi ma chromosome osiyanasiyana. Pamene selo lolakwika likupitiriza kugawikana, thupi limapanga mbadwo wa maselo okhala ndi majini osazolowereka. Maselo oyambirira, athanzi amapitirizanso kugawikana, kotero kuti pamapeto pake thupi limakhala ndi maselo awiri.

• Kusakhazikika kwapamwamba: Ngati vuto ili limachitika msanga kwambiri pakukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo, kuchuluka kwakukulu (50% kapena kuposerapo) kwa maselo osazolowereka kumafalikira mthupi lonse.
• Kusasinthasintha kwa maselo: Ngati vutolo litachitika pambuyo pake, chiwerengero cha maselo omwe akhudzidwa chimakhala chochepa.

Kodi pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya mosaicism?

Inde, Mosaicism ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo akuluakulu. Kumvetsa izi kungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino momwe vutoli lilili.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji vutoli?

Kuyezetsa majini kwapadera kumafunika kuti munthu adziwe ngati pali mosaicism.

• Kuzindikira Matenda a Mwana Asanabadwe: Ngati pali kukayikira kuti mwana ali ndi vuto la Mosaicism panthawi ya mimba, madokotala angakulangizeni mayeso apadera. Amniocentesis (kuyesa madzi amniotic ozungulira mwana) ndiKuyesa kwa Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) (kuyesa kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kuchokera ku placenta) ndi chimodzi mwa mayeso otere.
• Kuyezetsa mwana akangobadwa: Mwana akabadwa, vutoli lingathe kupezeka kudzera mu mayeso a magazi, biopsy ya khungu, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zina, kungakhale kofunikira kuyesa mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya minofu kuti atsimikizire vuto lenileni.

Makamaka m'njira monga feteleza wa in-vitro (IVF), n'zotheka kuyesa zolakwika za majini kudzera mu mayeso otchedwa Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS) mwana asanalowe m'chiberekero cha mayi.

Kodi pali mankhwala ochiritsira mosaicism?

Ili ndi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Ndipotu, pakadali pano palibe njira yobwezeretsera kapena kuchiritsa vuto la majini lotchedwa Mosaicism. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, sizingatheke kuchotsa maselo osazolowereka ndikuyika m'malo mwake maselo abwinobwino.

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira matenda omwe amakhudza munthu aliyense. Mwachitsanzo, mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a Mosaic Down angapindule ndi mankhwala olankhula komanso physiotherapy kuti amuthandize kukulitsa luso lake. Ngati pali vuto la mtima, chithandizo chimaperekedwa kuti chithetse vuto lenileni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chithandizo sichili cha Mosaicism, koma zotsatira zake. Ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira inu kapena mwana wanu.

Kodi tsogolo lidzakhala bwanji ndi vutoli?

N'zovuta kuneneratu za munthu amene ali ndi vuto la mosaicism, chifukwa zimatengera zinthu zambiri. Zinthu zazikulu ndi izi:

• Kodi kuchuluka kwa maselo osazolowereka ndi kotani? (Chiwerengero cha maselo osazolowereka)
• Ndi ziwalo ziti/minofu iti yomwe yakhudzidwa?
• Kuopsa kwa vuto logwirizana nalo.

Munthu amene ali ndi maselo ochepa kwambiri osazolowereka (low-level mosaicism) akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi popanda zizindikiro zilizonse. Munthu wina akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono. Ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo osazolowereka kuli kwakukulu ndipo ziwalo zazikulu monga ubongo ndi mtima zakhudzidwa, mavutowa akhoza kuwonjezeka.

Choncho, m'malo mochita mantha kwambiri ndi izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi katswiri, kulandira upangiri wa majini , ndikumvetsetsa bwino za vuto lanu kapena la mwana wanu.