Monga mayi kapena bambo, tonsefe timasamala kwambiri za thanzi la mwana wathu. Nthawi zina, ngakhale malungo kapena kupweteka pang'ono kwa mwana kungakhale katundu waukulu pamtima pathu. Masiku ano, tikulankhula za khansa yomwe imawopsyeza makolo, koma mwamwayi ndi yosowa kwambiri, makamaka kwa ana aang'ono. Imeneyo ndi neuroblastoma. Ngakhale dzinalo lingamveke loopsa, ndikofunikira kudziwa za izo.
Kodi neuroblastoma kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, Neuroblastoma ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'mbali mwa dongosolo lathu la mitsempha. Tili ndi netiweki ya mitsempha yomwe imanyamula chidziwitso m'thupi lathu lonse. Taganizirani ngati "dongosolo la mauthenga" la thupi lathu. Timatcha izi kuti 'dongosolo la mitsempha lachifundo.' Khansa ya Neuroblastoma imayamba m'maselo a dongosolo ili la mitsempha.
Chapadera pa izi ndi chakuti odwala opitilira 90% ndi ana osakwana zaka 5. Ndi zachilendo kwambiri kuona mwana wazaka zopitilira 10 akudwala matendawa.
Kawirikawiri, khansa iyi imayamba m'matenda awiri ang'onoang'ono omwe amapanga mahomoni omwe ali pamwamba pa impso. Awa amatchedwa ma adrenal glands. Komabe, khansa iyi imatha kuyamba kulikonse m'thupi komwe maselo amitsempha amapezeka.
Chabwino kwambiri n’chakuti tsopano pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pa vutoli, kotero ana ali ndi mwayi wabwino wochira ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.
Kodi chifukwa cha vutoli n'chiyani?
Kawirikawiri, khansa iliyonse imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwina, kapena kusintha kwa maselo ena m'thupi lathu. Zotsatira zake, maselo amenewo amayamba kukula mosalamulirika ndikupanga zotupa.
Mu neuroblastoma, izi zimachitika ku mtundu wa selo la mitsempha yosakhwima pamene mwana akadali m'mimba. Maselo osakhwima awa amatchedwa neuroblasts. Pamene mwana wathanzi akukula m'mimba, ma neuroblasts awa amakula pang'onopang'ono kukhala maselo a mitsempha okhwima, ndipo ena onse amafa.
Koma m'thupi la mwana yemwe ali ndi Neuroblastoma, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini, maselo osakhwima a neuroblast awa safa, koma m'malo mwake amasonkhana ndikukula kukhala chotupa cha khansa.
Nayi mfundo ina imene inu makolo muyenera kukumbukira: Izi sizichitika chifukwa cha zakudya zanu, masewera olimbitsa thupi, zinthu zomwe zimakukhudzani, kapena china chilichonse chimene mwalakwitsa. Izi ndi kusintha komwe kumachitika pa maselo a thupi la mwana wanu.
Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe tiyenera kuziyang'anira?
Zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kusiyana kwambiri. Zimatengera komwe chotupa cha khansa chili, kukula kwake, komanso momwe chafalikira. Zizindikiro zina zimatha kuwonekanso m'matenda ofala, monga chimfine kapena kupweteka m'mimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuzindikira matendawa kukhale kovuta pang'ono.
"Nthawi zina zizindikiro zoyamba zimakhala zinthu zofala monga mwana wosadya bwino, kumva kutopa, komanso kupweteka thupi pafupipafupi. Izi zitha kuwoneka ngakhale ndi malungo wamba," akutero katswiri wa khansa ya ana. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro izi.
| Malo a khansa | Zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke |
|---|---|
| Zokhudzana ndi m'mimba (m'mimba) |
|
| Kuzungulira pachifuwa kapena pakhosi | |
| Khansa ikafalikira kumadera ena (Metastatic) |
Zinthu zina ziwiri zapadera
- Madontho a pakhungu:Mu mtundu wapadera womwe umapezeka mwa makanda obadwa kumene okha, ziphuphu zazing'ono ngati mabulosi zimatha kuwoneka pakhungu. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti khansa yafalikira pakhungu. Komabe, vutoli limachiritsidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri limachepa kapena kuchira lokha.
- Zotsatira za mahomoni: Zotupa zina za neuroblastoma zimatulutsa mahomoni, zomwe zingayambitse zizindikiro monga kutsegula m'mimba kosalekeza, kutentha thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, thukuta kwambiri, ndi khungu lotupa.
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?
Monga tafotokozera kale, zizindikiro zambirizi zimafanana ndi matenda wamba, kotero kuzindikira vutoli kungakhale kovuta. Choncho dokotala wanu adzachita mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire ngati mwana wanu ali ndi khansa yosowa iyi.
- Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo: Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumayang'ana mahomoni ena opangidwa ndi zotupa za neuroblastoma m'magazi kapena mkodzo.
- Mayeso ojambulira: Izi zingathandize kudziwa komwe khansa ili, kukula kwake, komanso kufalikira kwake. Ma scan monga ultrasound, X-ray, CT, PET, kapena MRI angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa izi.
- Kufufuza za khansa: Pa nthawi yochita opaleshoni, chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu chimatengedwa kuchokera ku chotupa kapena m'mafupa ndikuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti adziwe ngati pali maselo a khansa.
- Kujambula kwa MIBG: Iyi ndi njira yapadera yojambulira mankhwala a nyukiliya. Kuyesa kumeneku, kotchedwa ``MIBG scan'', kumatha kuzindikira bwino malo a maselo a Neuroblastoma.
Pamodzi ndi mayeso amenewa, zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa maselo a magazi a mwana, chiwindi, ndi impso zimayesedwanso.
Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?
Chithandizo chomwe mwana amalandira chimadalira zinthu zingapo. Ana amagawidwa m'magulu atatu omwe ali pachiwopsezo : chiopsezo chochepa, chiopsezo chapakati, ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, kutengera msinkhu wa mwana, gawo la khansa, momwe yafalikira, ndi mtundu wa maselo a khansa. Chithandizo chimakonzedwa kutengera gulu la chiopsezo ichi.
Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zochizira:
- Kuyang'anitsitsa: Musadabwe, ziphuphu zina zazing'ono zomwe sizili pachiwopsezo chachikulu zimachepa kapena kuzimiririka zokha popanda chithandizo chilichonse. Zikatero, madokotala amamuyang'anira mwanayo mosamala kwambiri.
- Opaleshoni: Kuchotsa chotupa chonse kudzera mu opaleshoni.
- Chemotherapy: Kupereka mankhwala amphamvu kudzera m'mitsempha kapena ngati mapiritsi ophera maselo a khansa kapena kuwaletsa kugawikana.
- Chithandizo cha radiation: Kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri (monga ma X-ray) kuwononga maselo a khansa.
- Kusamutsa maselo oyambira:Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Pachifukwa ichi, maselo athanzi a mwana amasonkhanitsidwa, mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa, kenako maselo athanzi amabwezeretsedwa m'thupi.
- Mankhwala Amakono: Pali mankhwala ambiri atsopano komanso opambana kwambiri omwe alipo masiku ano.
- Chithandizo cholunjika: Kupereka mankhwala omwe amaletsa mapuloteni kapena ma enzyme enaake omwe amathandiza maselo a khansa kukula.
- Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi cha mwana kuti chizindikire ndikuukira maselo a khansa.
Kodi mwayi wochira matendawa ndi wotani?
Funso lofunika kwambiri kwa makolo ndi ili. Kuchuluka kwa moyo wa neuroblastoma kumadalira zaka za mwana komanso gulu la chiopsezo chake.
Ana omwe ali m'magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa komanso chapakati, makamaka ana aang'ono, ali ndi mwayi waukulu wochira ndi 90% - 95% . Kwa ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chiwerengerochi ndi pafupifupi 60% . Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, kuchuluka kumeneku kukuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku.
Choncho, ngati muwona zizindikiro zilizonse zokayikitsa, chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikuwonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikupempha upangiri.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Neuroblastoma ndi mtundu wosowa wa khansa womwe nthawi zambiri umakhudza ana osakwana zaka 5.
- Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kumachitika m'maselo osakhwima a mitsempha (neuroblasts) mwana ali m'mimba. Izi sizichitika chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kulikonse kwa makolo.
- Samalani ndi zizindikiro monga chotupa m'mimba, kuchepa thupi kosaneneka, mabala ozungulira maso, ndi kupweteka kwa mafupa.
- Izi zitha kuzindikirika molondola pogwiritsa ntchito ma scan ndi mayeso a biopsy.
- Pali njira zambiri zamakono zochizira matenda izi, kuphatikizapo opaleshoni, mankhwala a chemotherapy, ndi chithandizo cha radiation.
- Chiŵerengero cha kuchira n’chokwera kwambiri, makamaka kwa ana omwe ali m’magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa komanso chapakati. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufunafuna chithandizo choyenera chamankhwala popanda mantha.
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