Reka tumenye byinshi ku bijyanye no gupima amaraso kugira ngo tumenye niba hari ibyago byo kurwara imitsi y'umutima.

Ese wigeze wibaza ukuntu umutima wawe umeze neza? Hari igihe dushobora kurwara indwara ziterwa n'umutima tutabizi. Ariko ku bw'amahirwe, hari ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora gufasha kumenya ibyo bintu bishobora gutera ibyago hakiri kare. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuganire ku byo ibi bizamini by'amaraso n'uburyo byagufasha kumenya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima, cyane cyane indwara z'imitsi itera umutima (CAD). Reka tugerageze kubyumva mu buryo bworoshye, nk'aho uri kuganira n'inshuti yawe.

Kuki ukeneye ibi bipimo by'amaraso?

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uti "Kuki nkeneye ibi bipimo by'amaraso?" Si buri wese ubikeneye ako kanya. Ariko hari igihe muganga ashobora kukugira inama yo kubipima. Reba niba izi mpamvu zikureba:

• Ingeso zo kurya: Akenshi urya ibiryo bidafite akamaro birimo amavuta menshi, isukari n'ifu.
• Amateka y'umuryango: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe, cyane cyane mama wawe, so, cyangwa abavandimwe bawe, wigeze kugira indwara y'imitsi ifata umutima (CAD) mbere y'uko ageza ku myaka 50 .
• Umubyibuho ukabije cyangwa kwiyongera ibiro: Niba ibiro byawe biri hejuru cyane kuruta ibisanzwe.
• Kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri: Iyo umubiri udakora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihagije ku manywa.
• Kunywa itabi: Niba unywa itabi cyangwa ukoresha ubundi bwoko bw'itabi (urugero: imbuto za betel cyangwa ikibabi cya betel).
• Izindi ndwara: Niba usanzwe ufite indwara nka Diyabete Mellitus, Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cyangwa niba warigeze kugira indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika imitsi.

Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bibazo, byaba byiza uganiriye na muganga maze ugapimwa amaraso nk'aya.

Ni nde ukora ibi bipimo by'amaraso?

Ubusanzwe, umuntu wahuguwe muri iyo gahunda akura amaraso. Tumwita "Phlebotomist" cyangwa "Phlebotomy technician". Hanyuma ayo maraso yoherezwa muri laboratwari y'ubuvuzi. Hari "Medical Laboratory technician" aho. Akoresha imashini zidasanzwe kugira ngo apime ibintu bitandukanye biri mu maraso yawe kandi akore raporo.

Ibi bipimo by'amaraso bipima iki kugira ngo hamenyekane ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima?

Noneho reka turebe icyo ibi bipimo by'amaraso bishaka. Ibi nibyo abaganga bakoresha kugira ngo bamenye ibyago byawe byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.

Cholesterol n'ibindi bifitanye isano

• Kolesteroli yose (TC): Iyi ni ingano yose ya kolesteroli mu maraso yawe. Ifitanye isano itaziguye n'ibyago byawe byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.
• Triglycerides (TG): Iyi nayo ni ubwoko bw'ibinure. Ibi kandi bifitanye isano n'indwara z'umutima. Isukari yoroshye, karubohidrati zoroshye (nk'umugati, umuceri), ibiryo birimo ibinure, n'inzoga turya bishobora kongera urugero rwa `(TG). Ibi bishobora kugabanuka iyo umuntu akoze imyitozo ngororamubiri myiza.
• Lipoporoteyine ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDL): Iyi ni yo twita "cholesterol nziza." Uko iba nyinshi mu maraso, niko ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima bigabanuka.
• Lipoporoteyine nkeya (LDL): Iyi ni yo twita "cholesterol mbi." Uko iba nyinshi mu maraso, niko ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima byiyongera.
• Lipoporoteyine (a) (Lp(a)): Ibi bibaho iyo poroteyine yitwa apo(a) ifatanye na cholesterol ya LDL. Iyo urugero rwayo ruri hejuru mu maraso, habaho ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima, gucika imitsi, kubyimba kw'amaraso, ibinure mu mitsi nyuma yo kubagwa imitsi y'umutima, no kugabanya imitsi y'umutima nyuma yo gukorerwa angioplasty. Ibi bishobora no gukorwa mu miryango. Kubwibyo, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango warwaye indwara y'umutima akiri muto, muganga azagusaba iki kizamini.
• Apolipoproteine ​​B (ApoB): Iyi ni poroteyine ikomeye muri cholesterol. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko urugero rwa ApoB ari cyo kimenyetso cyiza cy'ibyago kuruta urugero rwa LDL rwonyine. Urugero ruri hejuru rwa ApoB rugaragaza umubare w'uduce duto twa LDL twinshi.

Ibindi bice by'ingenzi by'amaraso n'ibipimo

• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso ufite itandukaniro (CBC): Iki kizamini gipima umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, n'uturemangingo dufasha mu maraso yawe. Gishobora kumenya indwara nko kubura amaraso, ari byo kubura uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.
• Homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy): Iyi ni aside amine. Ingano nyinshi y'iyi mu maraso yongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.
• Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): Iki gipimo cy'amaraso gifasha gusuzuma diyabete. Diyabete ni indwara yongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'imitsi ijyana n'amaraso mu mutima (CAD). Iki gipimo kigaragaza igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso mu mezi abiri cyangwa atatu ashize.
• Gusoma Isukari yo mu Maraso mu Gifu / Gusoma Isukari yo mu Maraso mu Gifu: Ibi bipima urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe mu gitondo umaze kwiyiriza ubusa ijoro ryose. Bishobora kumenya mbere y'uko urwara diyabete na diyabete, byombi byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.
• Creatine Kinase (CK): Iyi ni enzyme iboneka mu mitsi. Ingano yayo ishobora kwiyongera niba ufata imiti igabanya cholesterol (urugero: statins).
• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) cyangwa SGPT: Iyi ni enzyme iboneka mu mwijima. Ingano yayo ishobora kwiyongera iyo ufashe imiti igabanya cholesterol.
• Aspartate Transaminase (AST) cyangwa SGOT: Iyi ni indi enzyme mu mwijima. Ishobora kandi kwiyongera iyo ufashe imiti igabanya cholesterol.
• Fibrinogen:Iyi ni poroteyine iri mu maraso yawe. Ifasha amaraso yawe kubumba. Ariko iyo irenze urugero, yongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.
• Hormone itera imbaraga za tiroyide (TSH): Ibi bipima uburyo tiroyide yawe ikora neza. Imikorere mibi ya tiroyide yakunze kugaragara mu ndwara z'umutima no gutera k'umutima ku buryo budasanzwe.
• Poroteyine ya C-reactive ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvura indwara nyinshi (us-CRP) cyangwa CRP ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvura indwara nyinshi: Ibi bigaragaza ububyimbirwe mu mitsi y'amaraso. Uko urugero rwayo ruri hejuru, niko ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso byiyongera.
• Igipimo cy'inkari zirimo Albumin-Creatinine (uACR): Iki gipimo gipima ingano ya poroteyine mu nkari. Ndetse na poroteyine nke mu nkari ni ikintu gishobora gutera indwara z'umutima. Iki kizamini ni ingenzi cyane ku bantu barwaye diyabete.
• MPO (Myeloperoxidase): Iki nacyo ni ikimenyetso cy'ububyimbirwe. Ubunini bw'ibi bufitanye isano n'ubwiyongere bw'ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima, gucika imitsi, no gukenera kubagwa imitsi y'umutima. Ubunini bw'ibi bushobora kandi kugaragaza ko indwara z'umutima n'amaraso zigenda zirushaho kwiyongera.
• Vitamine D: Iyi ni vitamine ishongesha ibinure. Igenzura urugero rwa kalisiyumu na fosifate mu mubiri. Ibi bifasha amagufwa kugumana ubuzima bwiza. Kubura Vitamine D bifitanye isano n'ingaruka zitandukanye ku buzima. Nanone, niba ufite ingorane zo kwihanganira imiti ya statine (imiti ya cholesterol), uku kubura Vitamine D bishobora kuba impamvu.
• Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO): Iyi mikorobe ikorwa na bagiteri mu mara yawe. Iboneka mu nyama nyinshi, mu magi no mu mata. Inyongera nka choline, lecithin, na L-carnitine na zo zishobora kongera urugero rwa TMAO. Urugero rwinshi rwa TMAO mu maraso rushobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima, gucika imitsi, no gutera imitsi.
• Amino-terminal, pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP): Iyi poroteyine ikorerwa mu mutima wawe. Irekurwa mu maraso iyo umutima wawe uri mu muvuduko ukabije. Ingano nyinshi y'iyi poroteyine igaragaza ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima kandi ishobora no kugaragaza ko imikorere y'umutima igabanuka. Hari ibindi bizamini bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane byinshi.
• Serum Creatinine (CR): Ibi bifitanye isano n'imikorere y'impyiko. Iyo impyiko zidakora neza, bishobora gutera umutwaro ku mutima. Kunanirwa kw'impyiko mu buryo buhoraho ni indwara ishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima. Kandi umutima ushobora no kugira ingaruka ku mpyiko.
• Amanota y'ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi (ASCVD): Aya manota agaragaza ibyago byawe byo kurwara indwara ya "atherosclerotic" (nk'indwara y'umutima cyangwa stroke) mu myaka 10 iri imbere.

Tekereza kuri ubu buryo, buri kizamini muri ibi ni nk'umupolisi w'iperereza. Bisaba buri kantu kugira ngo bashyire hamwe ishusho yose. Muri ubwo buryo, abaganga bareba izi raporo z'ibizamini maze bagafata umwanzuro ku buzima bw'umutima wawe.

Ni gute wakwitegura mbere yo gupimwa amaraso?

Mbere yo gukurwa amaraso, ni ngombwa kubaza muganga wawe niba ukeneye guhagarika gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose, vitamine, cyangwa inyongeramusaruro ufata. Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ibizamini by'amaraso. Ariko ntugahagarike gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose utabanje kugisha inama muganga wawe.

Hari ibizamini by'amaraso bisaba ko wiyiriza ubusa amasaha menshi (ubusanzwe amasaha 8-12) mbere yo kwipimisha. Baza muganga wawe ibi mbere yo kwipimisha.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cy'ikizamini?

Umuganga w’indwara z’uruhu akunze gushyira urushinge mu mutsi uri hejuru y’ukuboko kwawe cyangwa imbere mu nkokora yawe. Ushobora kumva urushinge rukubabaza iyo urushinge rwinjijwe mu mutsi. Gufata amaraso bifata umunota umwe.

Bigenda bite nyuma yo gukururwa amaraso?

Nyuma yo gufata icyitegererezo cy'amaraso, umuganga w'indwara z'imitsi akuraho urushinge, agafata aho amaraso yafatiwe, agashyiraho plaster cyangwa agace k'ipamba, hanyuma agashyiraho agakoresho ko gufunga.

Ni ibihe bisubizo mbona? Bimbwira iki?

Ibisubizo bizatandukana bitewe n'ibintu bitandukanye biri mu maraso yawe. Muganga wawe azakubwira ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwawe maze akubwire icyo gukora nyuma yaho.

Dore bimwe mu bipimo bisanzwe byitezwe ku bipimo byinshi by'ingenzi bijyanye n'ibyago by'indwara z'umutima:

• Cholesterol yose (TC):
• Imyaka 20 cyangwa munsi yayo: Hagati ya 75 - 169 mg/dL.
• Imyaka 21 cyangwa irenga: Hagati ya 100 - 199 mg/dL.
• Triglycerides (TG): Munsi ya 150 mg/dL ni byiza. Iyo birengeje 500 - 1000 mg/dL, hari ibyago byo kurwara pancreatitis. Iki gipimo gikunze kuba kinini ku bantu bafite umubyibuho ukabije n'abarwayi ba diyabete.
• Lipoproteini ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDL - "cholesterol nziza"): Uko ibi birushaho kuba byinshi, niko birushaho kuba byiza.
• Abagabo: hejuru ya 45 mg/dL.
• Igitsina gore: kiri hejuru ya 55 mg/dL.
• Lipoprotein y’ubucucike buke (LDL - "cholesterol mbi"): Uko igabanuka ni ko irushaho kuba nziza. Igipimo witeze kizatandukana bitewe n’uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze:
• Niba ufite indwara y'umutima, indwara y'imitsi y'amaraso, diyabete, cyangwa ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara y'umutima: Munsi ya 70 mg/dL.
• Niba ufite `(Metabolic Syndrome)` cyangwa impamvu zirenze imwe zishobora gutera indwara y'umutima: Munsi ya 100 mg/dL.
• Niba ufite ibyago bike byo kurwara indwara y'imitsi ifata umutima: Munsi ya 130 mg/dL.
• Umubare w'amaraso yuzuye (CBC):
• Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru: 5.000 - 10.000 (kuri mikorolitero imwe).
• Hematocrit (ingano y'amaraso agizwe n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso): Abagabo 40% - 55%; Abagore 36% - 48%.
• Hemoglobini (igice cy'uturemangingo dutukura dutwara ogisijeni): Abagabo 14 - 18 gm / dL; Abagore 12 - 16 gm / dL.
• Lipoporoteyine (A) (Lp(a)): Munsi ya 30 mg/dL ni nziza.
• Apolipoporoteyine B (ApoB): Munsi ya 100 mg/dL ni nziza.
• Homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy): Munsi ya 15 mcmol/L ni nziza.
• Hemoglobini A1c (HbA1c):
• Urwego rwiza: 6% cyangwa munsi yarwo.
• Indwara ya diyabete itaratangira: 5.7% - 6.4%.
• Diyabete: 6.5% cyangwa hejuru yayo.
• Intego ku muntu urwaye diyabete: 6.5% - munsi ya 7%.
• Isukari yo mu maraso yihuta: Munsi ya 100 mg/dL ni nziza.
• Indwara ya diyabete itaratangira: 100 - 125 mg/dL.
• Diyabete: 126 mg/dL cyangwa irenga inshuro ebyiri zitandukanye.
• Creatine Kinase (CK): Intera isanzwe ni 30 - 220 U/L.
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT / SGPT): Intera isanzwe ni 5 - 45 U / L.
• Aspartate transaminase (AST/SGOT): Intera isanzwe ni 7 - 40 U/L.
• Fibrinogen: Ingano isanzwe ni 200 - 400 mg/dL.
• Imisemburo itera umuti wa tiroyide (TSH): Ingano nziza ni 0.4 - 5.5 mIU/mL. (Ibi bishobora gutandukana niba warigeze kuvurwa tiroyide mbere.)
• Poroteyine ya C-reactive ishobora kwanduza cyane (us-CRP):
• Ingaruka nke: munsi ya 2.0 mg/L.
• Ingaruka ziciriritse: 2.0 - 3.0 mg/L.
• Ingaruka zikomeye: zirenze 3.0 mg/L.
• Igipimo cya albumin-creatinine mu nkari (uACR): Munsi ya 30 mg/g ni byiza.
• MPO: Munsi ya 420 pmol/L ni nziza.
• Vitamine D: Urwego rwiza ni 31 - 80 ng / ml.
• Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO):
• Ingaruka nke: munsi ya 6.2 uM.
• Ingaruka ziciriritse: 6.2 - 9.9 um.
• Ingaruka zikomeye: 10 uM cyangwa irenga.

(Niba urugero rwa TMAO ruri hejuru, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kugabanya LDL no kugenzura ibindi bintu bishobora gutera ibyago. Ashobora kandi kukugira inama yo gufata aspirine nkeya kabiri ku munsi no gukurikiza indyo yo mu karere ka Mediterane.)

• NT-proBNP: Munsi ya 125 pg/mL ni byiza.
• Serum Creatinine (CR):
• Igitsina gore: 0.58 - 0.96 mg/dL.
• Abagabo: 0.73 - 1.22 mg/dL.
• Amanota y'ibyago bya ASCVD:
• Ingaruka nke: <5%
• Ingaruka zo ku mupaka: 5-7.4%
• Ingaruka ziciriritse: 7.5-<20%
• Ingaruka zikomeye: > 20%

Icy'ingenzi: Ibi ni ibipimo bisanzwe gusa. Ibisubizo byawe bigomba kugereranywa n'ibindi bintu byinshi, nk'imyaka yawe, igitsina, n'izindi ndwara. Kubwibyo , ni ngombwa kuganira kuri ibi bisubizo na muganga wawe.

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umenye ibisubizo?

Ibisubizo by'ibipimo by'amaraso akenshi bifata iminsi mike cyangwa irenga kugira ngo bigaruke. Baza muganga wawe igihe bizatwara kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo byawe.

Ese nkwiye kongera kubonana na muganga?

Niba utarabona ibisubizo by'ibizamini nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri, hamagara muganga wawe. Umaze kubona ibisubizo, muganga wawe azabiganiraho nawe akakubwira icyo ugomba gukora nyuma.

Wibuke ko nubwo ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kuguha igitekerezo cyiza cy'ibyago byawe byo kurwara indwara z'umutima, byonyine ntibishobora kukubwira neza ko ufite iyi ndwara. Niba ibizamini by'amaraso byawe bigaragaza ko ibyago byawe biri hejuru, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukomeza gupimwa. Ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe ku bibazo cyangwa impungenge ufite muri iki gikorwa.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Muri make, ibi bipimo by'amaraso ni igikoresho cy'ingirakamaro mu kumenya indwara z'umutima hakiri kare. Ukurikije amakuru batanga, ushobora guhindura imibereho yawe, nibiba ngombwa ugatangira kuvurwa. Hanyuma, uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kwirinda indwara zikomeye z'umutima.

Wibuke:

• Niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima (ibyo twavuze mbere), kora ibi bipimo ku nama za muganga.
• Vugana na muganga ku buryo bweruye ku bisubizo.
• Ntugahangayike niba ibisubizo bigaragaza ko ibyago biri hejuru. Bivuze gusa ko ugomba kwita ku buzima bwawe.
• Ushobora gukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'umutima wawe ukurikiza indyo yuzuye, ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe , kandi ukirinda kunywa itabi .

Nk'uko umutima wawe ari uw'agaciro kuri wewe, ni ingenzi cyane kumenya ubuzima bw'umutima wawe!

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