Reka twige byose ku isuzuma ry'inkari zawe (urinalysis) mu buryo bworoshye.

Muraho! Ushobora kuba warumvise muganga agusaba 'gutanga icyitegererezo cy'inkari ' iyo ugiye kwa muganga, sibyo? Ushobora kuba wibaza uti "Ese nkeneye kongera kubikora?" Akenshi, icyo tugomba gukora ni ugutanga inkari nke mu gikombe gito. Ariko hamwe n'iki kizamini cyoroshye, cyitwa "Urusenda", muganga ashobora kumenya byinshi ku mubiri wacu. Uyu munsi, reka tuganire kuri iki "Urusenda", icyo gisa n'aho ari ingenzi.

Igipimo cy'inkari (gupima inkari) ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, isuzuma ry'inkari ni urukurikirane rw'ibizamini bipima inkari zawe (zitwa kandi inkari ) kandi bakareba uko zisa, niba zirimo uturemangingo tw'amaraso, poroteyine, cyangwa ibindi bintu bitameze neza. Muganga ashobora kubikoresha nk'igice cy'isuzuma risanzwe, cyangwa kugira ngo arebe niba ufite ubwandu, ibibazo by'impyiko, indwara y'umwijima, cyangwa indwara nka diyabete.

Abantu benshi bazi ibi nk' "ikizamini cyo kwihagarika mu gikombe." Yego, ibyo ni byo byonyine ugomba gukora. Hanyuma muganga yohereza icyitegererezo muri laboratwari. Aho ngaho, babanza kugisuzuma, hanyuma bagashyiramo agace gato kugira ngo bashakishe imiti imwe n'imwe (ibi byitwa "ikizamini cyo kwihagarika inkari"), hanyuma bakagisuzuma bakoresheje "microscope" kugira ngo bashakishe ibindi bintu bitoroshye. Hari igihe, muganga ashobora gukora "ikizamini cyo kwihagarika" mu cyumba cye bwite maze akaguha ibisubizo vuba.

Ni iki mu by'ukuri gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma inkari?

Hari ibice bitatu by'ingenzi mu gusuzuma inkari: gusuzuma inkari mu maso (isuzuma ry'amaso), gusuzuma dipstick, no gusuzuma mikorosikopi. Ariko, abaganga ntibahora bategeka ibi byose. Ibizamini byo muri laboratwari bakora biterwa n'icyo bashaka.

Ibintu byo kubanza kureba (Ikizamini cyo kureba amashusho)

Umuntu uri muri laboratwari azabanza kubona imiterere igaragara y'inkari zawe, nk'ibara ryazo n'uburyo zigaragara.

• Ibara: Ubusanzwe, inkari nziza zishobora kuba zifite amabara atandukanye y'umuhondo. Zishobora kuba zidafite ibara, umuhondo woroshye, cyangwa umuhondo wijimye. Ibi biterwa n'ingano y'amazi wanyoye, bivuze uburyo inkari zawe zivanze cyangwa zivanze.
• Umucyo: Inkari nazo zirasuzumwa kugira ngo harebwe niba zirimo itoto cyangwa zirimo ibicu. Hari igihe, iyo hagaragaye ko hari ikintu gisa n'aho kigendagenda, ibyo nabyo biragaragara.

Ikizamini cyo gupima mu gihe cy'amazi (dipstick test) ni iki?

Ibi nibyo navugaga mbere, ikizamini aho ushyira agace gato ka pulasitiki mu nkari zawe. Hari utudomo duto kuri ako gace, kandi imiti irashyirwa kuri zo. Niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe mu nkari zawe, utwo dudomo tuzahindura ibara. Ibi bishobora kugufasha gusuzuma ibintu byinshi vuba.

• Ubushyuhe bw'inkari (pH y'inkari):Ibi bipima ingano y’aside mu nkari zawe. Ibintu nk'ibibazo by'impyiko n'indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari (UTIs) bishobora gutuma pH yiyongera (irushaho kuba alkaline). Indwara nka ketoacidosis iterwa na diyabete n'impiswi bishobora gutuma pH igabanuka (irushaho kuba aside).
• Bilirubin: Iyo hari ikibazo ku mwijima cyangwa imiyoboro y'amaraso, bilirubin ishobora kuba iri mu nkari. Ubusanzwe, izi ntiziba ziri mu nkari.
• Amaraso (Hemoglobine): Iki kizamini gisuzuma amaraso mu nkari. Kwandura indwara, gukomereka ahantu runaka mu nzira y'inkari, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, na kanseri zimwe na zimwe bishobora gutera amaraso mu nkari. Abaganga kandi babyita "hematuria".
• Isukari: Iki gipimo cy'isukari (glucose) mu nkari. Abantu barwaye diyabete cyangwa diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita bashobora kuba bafite isukari mu nkari zabo. Inkari z'umuntu muzima ntizigomba kuba zirimo isukari.
• Ketones: Indwara iteje akaga ishobora kugaragara ku bantu barwaye diyabete yitwa "Diabetes-related ketoacidosis." Iki kizamini gisuzuma ketones mu nkari.
• Leukocyte esterase: Iyi ni enzyme. Ifasha umubiri wacu kurwanya indwara zandura. Iyo igaragaye ko ari nziza, bivuze ko iboneka mu nkari, bishobora kugaragaza ububyimbirwe ahantu runaka mu nzira y'inkari. Ibi akenshi biterwa n'indwara y'inkari (UTI).
• Nitrites: Iyo hari ubwandu bwa bagiteri mu nzira y'inkari, bagiteri zikora ikintu cyitwa nitrites. Niba nitrites ari ``za``, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ubwandu bwa virusi mu nzira y'inkari.
• Poroteyine: Inkari zigenzurwa niba hari poroteyine nka `(Albumin).` Ubusanzwe, hagomba kuba hari nke cyane, niba zihari. Igipimo cya poroteyine mu nkari gishobora kwiyongera bitewe n'ibintu nk'indwara z'umutima, kwangirika kw'impyiko (cyane cyane kwangirika guterwa n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso cyangwa diyabete), gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ikabije, no kubura amazi mu mubiri.
• Uburemere bw'inkari: Ibi bipima ubwinshi bw'uduce twose tw'ibinyabutabire twashongeshejwe mu nkari. Ni igipimo cy'ubunini bw'inkari. Iki gipimo gishobora kuba kidasanzwe bitewe n'indwara nyinshi.

Ikizamini cya Microscopic ni iki?

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidashobora kubonwa n'amaso cyangwa n'icyo gikoresho cyo kubyitegereza. Kugira ngo ubyibone, ugomba kureba ukoresheje mikorosikopi.

• Amabuye: Niba hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'amabuye mu nkari, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'uko amabuye y'impyiko arimo kuvuka.
• Uturemangingo tw’inyuma:Izi ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo dusohoka mu nzira yacu y'inkari. Muri raporo zishobora kugaragara nka `(Transitional epithelial cells)`, `(Renal tubular cells)` cyangwa `(Squamous epithelial cells)`. Ubusanzwe, kugira bike si ikibazo. Ariko iyo ari byinshi, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ubwandu bw'inkari, ububyimbirwe, cyangwa kanseri. Niba hari `(Squamous epithelial cells)` nyinshi, bivuze ko icyitegererezo cyari `(cyanduye)` inyuma (urugero, giturutse ku ruhu) igihe cyafatwaga.
• Bagiteri, umusemburo, udukoko: Iyo kimwe muri ibi kibonetse mu nkari, gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara y'inkari (UTI), indwara y'umusemburo, cyangwa indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs). Ariko rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane ku bagore, ibi bishobora kwinjira biturutse hafi y'igitsina iyo icyitegererezo gifashwe maze kikandura.
• Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso (RBC): Iyo uturemangingo twinshi muri ibi bivuze ko hari amaraso mu nkari, nubwo ashobora kutagaragara n'amaso. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'ikibazo mu ruhago, mu mpyiko, cyangwa ahandi hantu mu nzira y'inkari.
• Inkari zikoreshwa mu nkari: Izi ni uduce duto, tumeze nk'imiyoboro y'amaraso, tugizwe na poroteyine ikorwa n'uturemangingo tw'impyiko. Hari ubwoko bw'inkari bugaragaza ikibazo cy'impyiko. Ubundi bwoko bw'inkari ni ibisanzwe.
• Uturemangingo tw’amaraso (WBC): Ubwiyongere bw’utu turemangingo ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’uko hari ubwandu cyangwa ububyimbirwe ahantu runaka mu nzira y’inkari.

Kuki nkeneye gupimwa inkari?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma muganga agusaba gupimisha inkari:

• Mu rwego rwo gusuzuma ubuzima bwawe buri mwaka , menya indwara zimwe na zimwe hakiri kare.
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari, indwara y'impyiko, cyangwa diyabete (urugero: kwihagarika kenshi, gushya iyo uri kunyara , umuriro, kubabara umugongo).
• Kugenzura indwara zimwe na zimwe zari zisanzweho (urugero, kugenzura uko impyiko zimeze ku muntu urwaye diyabete).
• Ikizamini cy'agateganyo mu gihe cyo gutwita .
• Niba winjiye mu bitaro .
• Mbere yo kubagwa .

Ni gute nakwitegura gukora isuzuma ry'inkari?

Inkuru nziza ni uko akenshi ibi bidasaba imyiteguro yihariye . Ariko, niba muganga wawe cyangwa undi muntu wo muri laboratwari aguhaye amabwiriza yihariye, ugomba kuyakurikiza neza.

• Niba ufite impungenge ko utazashobora kunyara , nywa ikirahuri cy'amazi mbere yo gutanga icyitegererezo. Ariko, ibuka ko niba unyoye amazi menshi kandi ugashyiramo inkari zawe mu kanwa, ibisubizo bishobora kuba atari byo.
• Bwira muganga ibi bintu mbere y'igihe:
• Niba uri mu mihangoBivuge kuko amaraso yo mu mihango n'amase yo mu gitsina bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo bimwe na bimwe by'ibizamini.
• Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kunyara hanze y'urugo, urugero nk'indwara y'uruhago rw'isoni, babwire na byo. Bazagushakira uburyo bworoshye bwo kubikora.
• Hari igihe muganga ashobora no kuvuga ati:
• Icyitegererezo kigomba gufatwa kare mu gitondo, hanyuma inkari za mbere zigafatwa ubyutse .
• Ntugomba kurya ibiryo bimwe na bimwe mbere yo kwipimisha.
• Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo kandi ushobora gusabwa guhagarika kuyifata iminsi mike . Ariko ibuka ko ugomba kuyihagarika gusa ari uko muganga akubwiye. Ntukayihagarike wenyine.

Ni gute wakora ikizamini cy'inkari (isesengura ry'inkari) neza?

Akenshi, ugomba kujya mu bwiherero kwa muganga wawe cyangwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo utange icyitegererezo cy'inkari. Ibi byitwa "uburyo bwo gufata inkari neza". Bisobanura ko ufata icyitegererezo neza, nta cyanduza. Kugira ngo babigereho, bazaguha igikombe gito cy'icyitegererezo n'udupira duto two guhanagura. Menya neza ko wakaraba intoki zawe neza n'isabune n'amazi mbere yo gufata icyitegererezo.

Niba ufite imisemburo yo ku nda, ugomba gutanga icyitegererezo gikurikira:

1. Banza wicare ku musarani hanyuma uce amaguru yawe make.

2. Koresha intoki zawe ebyiri kugira ngo ufate imikaya y'ingore ku mpande zombi.

3. Hanagura imbere mu nda y'ingore ukoresheje agatambaro kabigenewe baguhaye, uhereye imbere ujya inyuma . (Ntugahanagure uhereye inyuma ujya imbere, kuko bishobora gutuma mikorobe ziva mu kibuno zijya imbere).

4. Fata ikindi gitambaro gisukuye hanyuma uhanagure urethra.

5. Hanyuma, banza unyoye gato mu musarani (ibi bizakuraho zimwe mu mikorobe ziri mu muyoboro w'inkari).

6. Hanyuma, hagarika kunyara akanya gato, fata igikombe cyatanzwe gato kure y'umuyoboro w'inkari, hanyuma uhashyire inkari . Inkari kugeza igihe igikombe cyuzuye kimwe cya kabiri, cyangwa nk'uko muganga yabikubwiye. Ntacyo bitwaye niba kitarazura kimwe cya kabiri rwose.

7. Subiza ibisigaye (niba bihari) mu musarani.

Niba ufite igitsina, ugomba gutanga icyitegererezo gikurikira:

1. Sukura umutwe w'igitsina cy'umugabo neza ukoresheje agatambaro ko guhanagura baguhaye. Niba utarakebwa, ugomba kubanza gusukura agahu k'igitsina cy'umugabo ukongera ukagasubiza inyuma.

2. Noneho banza unyoye gato mu musarani.

3. Hagarika gato mu gihe uri kunyara , fata igikombe kiri munsi y'igitsina cyawe, hanyuma unyoberemo . Nyamuneka inkari kugeza igihe igikombe cyuzuye kimwe cya kabiri, cyangwa nk'uko muganga akubwira. Ntacyo bitwaye niba kitarazura kimwe cya kabiri.

4. Subiza ibisigaye (niba bihari) mu musarani.

Igikuru ni ukudatuma imbere mu gikombe cyangwa imbere mu gipfundikizo bigukora ku mubiri wawe, ku myenda yawe, cyangwa ahandi hantu hose. Kubikora bishobora kwanduza icyitegererezo.

Gufata icyitegererezo binyuze muri catheter

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bidasanzwe, urugero niba udashobora kwihagarika wenyine, umuganga cyangwa umuforomo ashobora gushyira umuyoboro muto (catheter) mu muyoboro wawe w'inkari kugira ngo afate icyitegererezo cy'inkari. Mbere yo kubikora, bazasukura agace gakikije umuyoboro wawe w'inkari bakoresheje umuti wica udukoko. Hanyuma bazashyiramo catheter hanyuma bakusanye inkari mu kintu gisukuye. Catheter izakurwaho.

Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo gupimwa inkari?

Umaze gutanga icyitegererezo, cyoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo gipimwe. Nkuko nabivuze mbere, hari igihe muganga ashobora gukora ikizamini cya 'dipstick' mu biro bye akaguha igisubizo cyihuse.

Nigute nasoma ibyavuye mu isuzumwa ry'inkari zanjye?

Ubusanzwe, raporo y'ibizamini by'inkari zawe izagaragaza ibintu nk'ibi:

• Izina ry'ikizamini cyangwa icyapimwe (urugero: Glucose, Poroteyine, RBC).
• Ibisubizo byawe: Uyu ushobora kuba umubare, waba `positive` (yego) cyangwa `negative` (oya), cyangwa ibisobanuro (urugero: ibara - umuhondo, clear - clear). Niba hari ibintu bishobora kubarwa, nk'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, cyangwa bagiteri, ibisubizo bishobora kuba ``ke``, ``muringaniye``, cyangwa ``byinshi``.
• Agaciro cyangwa intera isanzwe y'icyo kizamini.
• Imbonerahamwe igaragaza niba ibisubizo byawe biri mu rugero rusanzwe cyangwa atari byo .

Bitewe n'ibizamini muganga wawe yategetse, raporo yawe ishobora kuba irimo ibisubizo byinshi cyangwa bike. Ibi bishobora kugaragara nk'urutonde cyangwa imbonerahamwe.

Ni ibihe bisubizo bisanzwe byo gupima inkari?

Ingano zisanzwe zishobora gutandukana gato bitewe na laboratwari, ariko muri rusange, zigomba kumera nk'izi:

• Ibara: Umuhondo woroshye kuva kuri amber.
• Umucyo: Usobanutse neza.
• Agaciro ka pH: hagati ya 4.5 na 8.0.
• Uburemere bwihariye: Hagati ya 1.005 na 1.030.
• Isukari: Ifite ingaruka mbi.
• Ketones: Negative.
• Bilirubini: Indwara mbi.
• Nitrites: Oya `(Negative)`.
• Amaraso/Hemoglobini: Ni mbi.
• Poroteyine: Nta na kimwe cyangwa bike cyane (Bitari bibi cyangwa ibisanzwe).
• Esterase y'amaraso ya leukocyte: Negative.
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru (WBC):Imibare iri hasi cyane iyo uyirebeye kuri mikorosikopi (urugero: 0-5 kuri HPF).
• Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso (RBC): Imibare iri hasi cyane iyo urebye ukoresheje mikorosikopi (urugero: 0-2 kuri HPF).
• Bagiteri, umusemburo, kristu, ibimera: nta na kimwe cyangwa bike cyane.

Ibisubizo by'isesengura ry'inkari bivuze iki?

Ibisubizo by'ikizamini cy'inkari byaba ari "positive" cyangwa bitari ku rugero rusanzwe, bivuze ko ushobora kugira ikibazo cy'ubuzima. Ariko hari ikintu kimwe ugomba kwibuka. Abaganga ntibakunze gusuzuma indwara bashingiye ku bisubizo by'ikizamini cy'inkari gusa. Iyo ibisubizo bidakunze kugaragara, muganga ashobora gutegeka ko hakorwa ibindi bipimo kugira ngo amenye impamvu.

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umenye ibisubizo?

Kenshi na kenshi, uzabona ibisubizo by'ikizamini cy'inkari zawe mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri y'akazi . Muganga wawe azabikubwira, cyangwa ushobora kubishakisha ubwawe mu nyandiko yawe y'ubuvuzi bw'ikoranabuhanga.

Ese nkwiye guhangayika nimbona igisubizo kidasanzwe?

Oya, kuba igisubizo kimwe cy’ibizamini kidasanzwe ntibivuze ko ari indwara ikomeye. Ntibivuze ko ufite ikintu gikomeye. Muganga wawe azareba ibisubizo akakubwira niba ari ikibazo koko cyangwa niba ukeneye ibindi bipimo. Azazirikana indwara zawe za kera, ibimenyetso byawe ubu, n'imiti urimo gufata.

Hari igihe ibintu bikurikira bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'inkari:

• Imiti imwe n'imwe n'inyongeramusaruro ufata, nka vitamine . Urugero, metronidazole, inyongeramusaruro za vitamine C.
• Kwanduzanya bishobora kubaho iyo icyitegererezo gifashwe, cyaba giturutse kuri mikorobe cyangwa ibindi bintu (urugero: kuva mu gitsina, amaraso yo mu mihango) .

Ni ryari ngomba guhamagara muganga?

Niba ubonye impinduka nshya mu nkari zawe (urugero: impinduka z’ibara zidashira, impumuro idasanzwe, cyangwa impinduka mu buryo busanzwe), cyangwa niba ufite ikibazo ku bisubizo by’ibizamini by’inkari zawe, menya neza ko wavuganye na muganga wawe.

Amaherezo, ibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Yego, kunyara mu gikombe bishobora kuba biteye isoni kandi biteye isoni. Ariko iki kizamini cya 'Urinalysis' ni ikizamini 'kidatera indwara' giha muganga amakuru menshi y'agaciro ku buzima bwawe nta ngaruka mbi cyangwa ububabare ku mubiri wacu.

Iki kizamini cyoroshye gishobora gufasha muganga wawe kumenya vuba indwara cyangwa gufata icyemezo niba ukeneye ibindi bipimo. Rero, ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe impamvu ukeneye iki kizamini n'icyo ibisubizo bivuze. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenyeshwa ubuzima bwawe!

Isuzuma ry'inkari , Isuzuma ry'inkari, Indwara z'inkari, Indwara z'impyiko, Diyabete, Icyitegererezo cy'inkari