Reka twige byinshi ku bijyanye no kureba. Kureba 20/20 ni iki?

Ese wigeze wumva umuganga w'amaso cyangwa umuganga w'amaso avuga ati "Kureba kwawe ni 20/20" iyo ugiye kwisuzumisha amaso? Cyangwa wenda wigeze wumva inshuti yawe ibivuga. Abantu benshi batekereza ko kureba 20/20 ari icyerekezo cyiza, gitunganye, kandi gitunganye. Ariko se koko ni ko bimeze? Reka turebe neza icyo "20/20" ari cyo.

Iyerekwa rya 20/20 ni iki?

Mu magambo make, kureba 20/20 ni "uburyo busanzwe". Bipima uburyo ushobora kubona ikintu kiri muri metero 20 uvuye aho uri. Abahanga mu by'amaso babyita "ubuhanga bwo kureba".

Tekereza, iyo ugiye kwisuzumisha amaso, bagutera kureba imbonerahamwe irimo inyuguti. Uri muri metero 30 uvuye ku mbonerahamwe.

• Umubare wa mbere (20): Uyu ni wo ukwereka aho uri kure y'imbonerahamwe iriho inyuguti. Mu bipimo by'amaso, iyi ni 20 buri gihe, kuko intera isanzwe ari metero 20.
• Umubare wa kabiri (20 ku rundi ruhande): Ibi bikwereka metero zingahe uvuye aho umuntu ufite ubushobozi bwo kureba neza azabona ikintu gifite umucyo n'ubukana nk'uko wakibona uri muri metero 20.

Ni ukuvuga ko niba ufite ubushobozi bwo kureba 20/20, ibyo ubona uri muri metero 20, umuntu ufite ubushobozi bwo kureba ashobora kubona neza nk'uko uri muri metero 20. Uku ni "kureba bisanzwe", ntabwo ari "kureba neza". Igitangaje ni uko hafi 35% by'abatuye isi ari bo bafite ubushobozi bwo kureba 20/20, baba bambaye indorerwamo, indorerwamo z'amaso cyangwa babazwe amaso.

Noneho, reba, hari igihe kureba kwawe gushobora kugaragara nk'aho ari 20/15. Ibyo bivuze ko ikintu ushobora kubona uri muri metero 20 cyaba kiri muri metero 3 kugira ngo umuntu ufite kureba bisanzwe ashobore kubibona neza. Ibyo bivuze ko kureba kwawe ari byiza kuruta uko bisanzwe!

Nanone, niba kureba kwawe kuri 20/40, bivuze ko ikintu ushobora kubona uri muri metero 20 gishobora kubonwa neza n'umuntu ufite ubushobozi bwo kureba uri muri metero 40. Ibi bivuze ko kureba kwawe kuri munsi gato y'ikigereranyo, kuko ugomba kuba uri hafi yabyo kurusha umuntu usanzwe kugira ngo ubibone neza. Ariko ntugahangayike, niba kureba kwawe kuri munsi ya 20/20, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kugufasha kubikemura.

Nk’uko igihugu cyacu gipima intera mu birenge, hari ibihugu bimwe na bimwe ku isi bikoresha uburyo bwa “metric system”. Muri ibyo bihugu, kureba 20/20 byitwa kureba 6/6. Ni ukuvuga ko bapima niba ushobora kubona neza ikintu kiri muri metero 6 aho kubona metero 20.

Ese kureba 20/20 ni cyo kintu cyonyine cy'ingenzi mu kureba?

Nubwo ari ingenzi kugira icyerekezo cya 20/20 kugira ngo ubone isi neza, hari ibindi bintu by'ingenzi mu icyerekezo cy'amaso. Ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kureba amabara: Ubushobozi bwo kumenya amabara neza.
• Guhuza amaso: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku buryo amaso abona mu buryo bwimbitse kandi akareba mu buryo bwa 3D. Bisaba ko amaso yombi akora neza.
• Kureba mu mwijima cyangwa nijoro: Urugero rw'uko umuntu abona mu mwijima.
• Kureba impande: Uburyo bwo kureba bushobora kugaragara ku mpande udahindukije umutwe.

None se, urabyumva? 20/20 ni kimwe mu bigize kureba. Ibi bintu byose bigira uruhare mu gutuma umuntu abona neza muri rusange.

Kuki ari ingenzi cyane kugira amaso meza?

Kubona neza ni ingenzi ku mutekano wawe. Tekereza gato, kubona imodoka mu muhanda, kudasiba intambwe iyo umanuka ku madarajya, ibi byose bisaba kureba neza.

Nanone, kureba neza ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubuzima bwawe bukomeze kuba bwiza . Kureba neza bigira ingaruka ku kazi kawe, ibikorwa byawe byo gusabana n'abandi, ibyo ukunda gukora, gusoma igitabo, ibi byose. Kureba neza bishobora gusobanura kwambara indorerwamo cyangwa indorerwamo. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko ubona neza bihagije kugira ngo uhuze n'ibidukikije n'abantu bagukikije - haba hari cyangwa hatabayeho gukosorwa.

Kubona neza biruta kwirinda gusa imyanya igoye. Binafasha mu gukomeza ubwenge bwawe , biguha imbaraga zo gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi. Gusoma resept mu gihe uteka, gusoma amabwiriza ari ku icupa ry'umuti, gusoma imiburo iri ku gikoresho cyo gusukura, no kubona ibimenyetso by'umuhanda n'inomero z'inzira za bisi mu gihe utwaye imodoka bisaba kureba neza.

Wamenya ute ko ufite icyerekezo cya 20/20?

Umuganga w'amaso azapima amaso yawe akoresheje isuzuma ry'amaso. Ubusanzwe azakoresha uburyo butandukanye, ubw'ingenzi ni:

• Ikizamini cy'ubuhanga bwo kureba: Iki ni cyo navuze mbere, aho ugomba gusoma inyuguti ku mbonerahamwe. Iyi mbonerahamwe yitwa imbonerahamwe ya Snellen . Hari igihe, aho gukoresha inyuguti, imbonerahamwe zifite imiterere nazo zikoreshwa, cyane cyane ku bana bato.
• Retinoscopy: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata indorerwamo zitandukanye mu jisho ryawe kugira ngo urebe ikwemerera kubona neza. Muganga abikora arimo arambura urumuri mu jisho ryawe.
• Autorefraction: Ibi bikubiyemo kureba imashini (wenda ishusho y'inzu iri mu murima, cyangwa umupira w'umwuka ushyushye uri ku mpera y'umuhanda muremure). Imashini ipima mu buryo bwikora uko ubona. Muganga akoresha ibi bipimo kugira ngo arusheho gusuzuma uko ubona no kuguha umubare ukwiye w'indorerwamo.

Ni izihe mpamvu zishobora gutuma ntabona neza 20/20?

Impamvu zikunze gutera ubumuga bwo kutabona neza (refractive errors) ni amakosa yo kureba neza. Izi ni impinduka mu miterere y'ijisho ryawe zitera kutabona neza. Zirimo:

• Kureba kure cyangwa kureba kure: Indwara aho ibintu byegeranye bisa n'ibidasobanutse neza, rimwe na rimwe ibintu biri kure na byo bikaba bitagaragara neza.
• Myopia cyangwa Kureba hafi: Indwara aho ibintu biri kure biba bitagaragara neza kandi ibintu biri hafi bikagaragara neza.
• Presbyopia: Iyi ni indwara ibaho iyo umuntu ashaje. Ituma bigorana gusoma hafi y'ibintu, nk'ibitabo n'ibinyamakuru. Akenshi itangira nyuma y'imyaka 40.
• Astigmatisme: Muri iki kibazo, kubera ko ijisho ritari uruziga rwose, imirasire y'urumuri ntireba ahantu hamwe imbere mu jisho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibintu bya hafi n'ibya kure bishobora kugaragara nk'aho bidafite ishusho kandi bitagaragara neza.

Uretse izi makosa yo kuvura amaso, hari izindi ndwara z'amaso zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ubona. Ingero zimwe na zimwe ni izi:

• Indwara z'amaso: Gupfuka kw'indorerwamo y'ijisho.
• Indwara z'ijisho: Indwara zigaragara mu jisho, mu gice cy'imbere cy'ijisho.
• Indwara ya diyabete: Kwangirika kwa retina inyuma y'ijisho guterwa na diyabete.
• Glaucoma: Kwangirika k'umutsi w'amaso bitewe n'umuvuduko wiyongereye mu jisho.
• Indwara z'ijisho: Indwara zitandukanye zigaragara muri retina y'ijisho.
• Urugero, indwara nka strabismus , amblyopia/amaso afite ubunebwe.

Nanone, birashoboka kugira ubushobozi bwo kureba neza kurusha ubusanzwe, ariko birashoboka gato.

Ubuhanga bwo kutabona neza buvurwa bute?

Niba ufite amakosa yo kuvura indwara yo mu bwonko, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura bugufasha gukosora imiterere y'amaso yawe. Ubu buryo bugamije gutuma imiterere yawe igera kuri 20/20 uko bishoboka kose. Burimo:

• Indorerwamo z'amaso: Ubu ni bwo buryo busanzwe kandi bworoshye cyane.
• Indorerwamo z'amabara y'urumuri: Ubundi buryo bwiza ku badakunda indorerwamo.
• Kubaga uburyo bwo gukosora amaso: Ibintu nko kubaga hakoreshejwe laser bishobora gutuma amaso arushaho kuba meza.

Niba ufite izindi ndwara z'amaso, zishobora gusaba kubagwa cyangwa kuvurwa na muganga. Byongeye kandi, ushobora kwambara indorerwamo cyangwa indorerwamo z'amaso. Nubwo bimeze bityo, hari igihe ushobora kutabona neza, ariko ushobora kubona neza uko ubyifuza.

Ese nshobora kugabanya ibyago byo kutabona neza biri munsi ya 20/20?

Yego rwose. Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo amaso yawe akomeze kuba mazima kandi ugabanye ibyago byo kugira ubumuga bwo kutabona. Ibi birimo:

• Suzuma amaso yawe buri gihe: Suzuma amaso yawe nibura rimwe mu mwaka cyangwa buri myaka ibiri. Ibi ni ingenzi nubwo waba utambaye indorerwamo.
• Ambara ubwirinzi bw'amaso:Ambara indorerwamo z'umutekano mu gihe ukoresha ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga. Nanone, wambare indorerwamo z'izuba mu gihe ugiye ku zuba. Ibi bizarinda amaso yawe imirasire yangiza y'urumuri rwa ultraviolet .
• Niba unywa itabi cyangwa nikotine, shaka inama kwa muganga kugira ngo ubireke . Kunywa itabi byangiza amaso cyane.
• Nugire intungamubiri zikwiye: Amaso yawe akeneye vitamine nyinshi n'imyunyungugu kugira ngo akore neza. Shyiramo ibintu nk'ibyatsi bibisi, imbuto z'umuhondo, n'imboga mu mirire yawe.
• Komeza kugira ibiro byiza. Umubyibuho ukabije ushobora gutera indwara nka diyabete, zishobora no kugira ingaruka ku maso yawe.
• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi: Ibi bishobora gukumira mikorobe n'indwara zandura mu maso yawe.
• Niba wambaye indorerwamo z'amaso (contact lenses), kurikiza amabwiriza yo kuzisukura kandi uzisimbuze ku gihe.
• Ntukirengagize ibimenyetso by'amaso cyangwa impinduka mu kureba, cyane cyane iyo impinduka zibaye mu buryo butunguranye, kandi uhite ubonana na muganga.
• Niba ufite indwara zidakira nka diyabete, zigenzure neza. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku maso yawe.
• Ha amaso yawe ikiruhuko: Cyane cyane niba ukora akazi kenshi ko kureba cyangwa umara igihe kinini ureba mudasobwa, ni ngombwa ko uha amaso yawe ikiruhuko. Ushobora gukoresha itegeko rya 20-20-20 : Buri minota 20, reba ikintu kiri kure ya metero 20 mu masegonda 20.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Uko amanota yawe y’ikizamini cy’ubuhanga bwo kureba yaba angana kose, amaso yawe ameze nk'amadirishya unyuramo ureba isi ikukikije. Ni ngombwa cyane kuyafata neza. Kubikora bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kutabona neza.

Wibuke ko 20/20 ari ukubona "bisanzwe" gusa, ntabwo ari "uburyohe butunganye". Niba ufite impungenge cyangwa utazi neza uko ubona, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga w'amaso.

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