Reka twige ku ikizamini cya PCR mu buryo bworoshye, nk'uko byavuzwe n'inshuti!

Ushobora kuba wibuka ko mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya Covid-19, twese twavuze ku ikizamini cya PCR . Hari abantu bagomba kuba baratinye gato, batekereza ku nkoni yashyizwe mu mazuru? Ariko se iki kizamini cya PCR ni iki? Ese gishobora kumenya Covid-19 gusa? Oya, PCR ni uburyo bw'ingenzi cyane bwo gupima mu buvuzi bufasha mu bintu byinshi. Reka tuvuge kuri ibi byose uyu munsi, mu buryo bworoshye kandi busobanutse, nk'aho twavuganye n'inshuti magara.

PCR ni iki? Ushobora kubisobanura gato?

Mu magambo make, PCR ni incamake ya Polymerase Chain Reaction . Ikoreshwa mu kumenya ibintu bigize imiterere y’uturemangingo mu mibiri yacu, yaba ADN cyangwa RNA . Tekereza urugero ruto rwakuweho, rushobora kuba ari igitonyanga cy’amaraso, cyangwa agahu kava imbere mu mazuru yawe. Ako gace gato ka ADN cyangwa RNA muri urwo rugero karafatwa maze kopi za miriyoni, wenda za miliyari, zigakorwa muri laboratwari. Ibi ni byo abahanga mu bya siyansi bita amplification , bivuze "kwiyongera" cyangwa "kwiyongera." Ni nko gukora kopi nyinshi z'urupapuro rumwe ukoresheje icyuma gifotora.

Mu gukora kopi nyinshi nk'izi, biroroha abahanga mu bya siyansi kwiga ADN cyangwa RNA mu rugero ruto rw'umwimerere bakareba niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe kirimo. PCR iri mu itsinda ry'ibizamini byitwa Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) .

Nubwo abantu benshi bumvise ijambo PCR mu bijyanye no gupima Covid-19, iri koranabuhanga rimaze igihe kinini rikoreshwa mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi kandi ni uburyo bw'ingirakamaro cyane.

Ni iki gishobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe PCR?

Noneho reka turebe ubwoko bw'ibintu iki kizamini cya PCR gishobora kubona. Abantu benshi batekereza ko ari ibya Covid-19 gusa. Ariko si ko bimeze. Reba:

• Indwara zandura: PCR ishobora gufasha kumenya niba umuriro, ibicurane, cyangwa inkorora ufite biterwa na virusi , bagiteri , fungus , cyangwa parasites . Urugero:
• Virusi ya SARS-CoV-2 itera COVID-19 (COVID-19) .
• Grippe , ibyo ni byo dukunze kwita grippe.
• Virusi itera ubuhumekero (RSV), ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bato.
• Bagiteri itera igituntu.
• Izindi ndwara nyinshi ziterwa na virusi na bagiteri.
• Indwara z'uturemangingo: Hari abantu bafite indwara z'uturemangingo zikomoka ku nkomoko y'uturemangingo, si byo? Indwara nk'izo, urugero , Cystic Fibrosis.Iyi PCR ikoreshwa kandi mu gusuzuma indwara nka Huntington's Disease na Fragile X Syndrome . Izi ni indwara zigoye cyane, bityo kuzimenya hakiri kare ni ingenzi cyane mu kuvura.
• Ubwoko bwa kanseri: Ubu buryo bufasha kandi kumenya ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri, nka lymphoma .
• Impinduka mu turemangingo twa kanseri: Mu kuvura umuntu urwaye kanseri, iki kizamini cya PCR gishobora kandi kugaragaza impinduka/impinduka mu turemangingo twa kanseri. Ibi bizatuma uburyo bwo kuvura bwifashishwa mu kwibanda kuri izo mpinduka. Iyi ni intambwe ikomeye mu rwego rwo kuvura kanseri.
• Ingaruka z'indwara mu gihe kizaza: Abantu bafite impinduka zimwe na zimwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara zikomeye nka kanseri mu gihe kizaza. Iyi PCR ikoreshwa kandi mu gupima ngirabuzimafatizo ku byago bya kanseri . Ibi bigufasha kumenya mbere y'igihe no guhindura imibereho yawe nibiba ngombwa, cyangwa gukomeza kuba maso wipimisha buri gihe.
• Gupima mbere yo kubyara: PCR ifasha kandi mu bipimo bikorerwa kugira ngo harebwe niba umwana utwite afite ikibazo cy’uturemangingo.

Si ibi gusa, ushobora kuba warabibonye muri filime, aho ibimenyetso bya ADN, nk'umusatsi muto cyangwa ibara ry'amaraso byabonetse aho icyaha cyabereye, bifatwa bigakoreshwa mu kumenya umugizi wa nabi. Laboratwari zikora ubu buvuzi zikoresha ubu buryo bwa PCR kugira ngo zongere ingano ya ADN kandi zikore ibizamini.

Ni ibihe bipimo n'uburyo bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya PCR?

Ikoranabuhanga rya PCR rikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo gupima. Ubwoko bw'ikizamini ugomba gufata icyitegererezo buzaterwa n'icyo uri gupima. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Gupima amaraso: Hafatwa ikizamini cy'amaraso hanyuma hagakoreshwa PCR kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo n'indwara zimwe na zimwe zandura.
• Agapfukamunwa ko mu mazuru: Icyitegererezo cy'ibicurane cyakuwe imbere mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo gishobora gukoreshwa mu gupima indwara z'ubuhumekero nka grippe (grippe), COVID-19, na RSV. Ibi nibyo twese twahuye na byo muri iki gihe cya COVID.
• Gusuzuma Genetike Mbere yo Gutera Intanga (PGD) cyangwa Gusuzuma Genetike Mbere yo Gutera Intanga (PGS): Mu gihe cyo gutera inda mu buryo bwa IVF (IVF) , uturemangingo duke two mu ntanga turafatwa tugapimwa imiterere ya genetike mbere yo gushyirwa mu nda ya nyina. Ibi bikunze gukorwa iminsi mike nyuma yo gukuramo intanga.
• Amniocentesis:Mu gihe cyo gutwita, urugero ruto rw'amazi yo mu nda ya nyina rushobora gukoreshwa mu gupima uko umwana ameze hakoreshejwe PCR. Iki ni ikizamini gikorwa na muganga w'inzobere.
• Isuzuma ry’ibinyabuzima: Kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo za kanseri (isuzuma ry’uturemangingo), hafatwa icyitegererezo gito cy’ikibyimba (isuzuma ry’uturemangingo) cyangwa isuzuma ry’umusemburo w’amagufwa. Ibi ni nko kubagwa gato. Hanyuma icyitegererezo gikoreshwa mu gukora PCR kugira ngo harebwe impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo.

Witegura ute iki kizamini?

Kenshi na kenshi, nta myiteguro yihariye isabwa kugira ngo upime PCR. Ariko, biterwa n'icyo upimye n'uburyo bukoreshwa mu gukusanya icyitegererezo. Urugero, bimwe mu bipimo by'amaraso bishobora kugusaba kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha make mbere. Rero, ni byiza kubaza muganga wawe cyangwa ikigo gipima niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe ukeneye gukora.

PCR ikora ite? Ubumenyi buke!

Iyi ni inkuru y’ubumenyi, ariko reka mbisobanure mu buryo bworoshye. Icyo PCR ikora ni ukumenya urukurikirane rutandukanye na ADN wifuza gushaka, ni ukuvuga umwihariko wayo. Uru rukurikirane rushobora kuba impinduka yihariye mu ngirabuzimafatizo muri kanseri, cyangwa se rukaba ari kode y’ingirabuzimafatizo ya virusi cyangwa bagiteri. Ibi byitwa ADN y’ingenzi .

Izina "Polymerase Chain Reaction" risobanura inzira aho kopi nyinshi za ADN y’ingenzi zikorerwa (zikongerwa) muri laboratwari. Iyi nzira ikoresha enzyme yitwa DNA polymerase . Iyi enzyme ikora kopi za ADN y’ingenzi, niba ihari mu gipimo.

Iyi "chain reaction" ibaho iyo umuti unyuze mu ngeri nyinshi zo gushyushya no gukonjesha. Mu ngeri imwe, ingano ya ADN ishobora kwikuba kabiri. Tekereza kuri imwe kugeza kuri ebyiri, ebyiri kugeza kuri enye, enye kugeza kuri umunani ... n'ibindi, amaherezo bigakorwa kopi za miriyoni. Akamaro k'ibi ni uko PCR ishobora kubona ndetse n'ingano nto ya ADN cyangwa RNA itari kuba yarigeze ibura n'ibindi bizamini.

Akenshi, nyuma yo gukora PCR, abahanga mu bya siyansi bagomba gukora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo basesengure ADN yazamuwe. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, hari aho hongerwaho ibirango byihariye ku gisubizo mu gihe cyo gukora PCR, bishobora kugaragaza niba icyitegererezo ari cyiza cyangwa kibi. Ubu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo byihuse, cyane cyane iyo hashakishwa indwara nka virusi.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa PCR buriho?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa PCR. Bumwe busaba intambwe z'inyongera kugira ngo ukope cyangwa usesengure ADN. Reka turebe ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi:

1. Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)

Tekereza ko amakuru y’uturemangingo dushaka gukoporora no gushakisha atari muri ADN, ahubwo ari muri RNA. (Urugero, virusi ya Covid-19 ifite RNA). Hanyuma, muri iyi RT-PCR , icyakorwa ni uko RNA (RNA) ibanza guhindurwamo ADN hakoreshejwe enzyme yihariye (reverse transcriptase). ADN ikorwa yitwa ADN yuzuzanya (cDNA) . Nyuma y’ibyo, inzira isanzwe ya PCR yavuzwe haruguru irakorwa. Kuko, PCR isanzwe ishobora gukorwa gusa kuri ADN.

2. PCR y'igihe nyacyo / PCR y'ingano (Q-PCR)

Icyo bibaho muri ibi ni uko uko kopi za ADN zikorwa, hongerwaho ibirango byihariye bya fluorescent . Ibi birango bitanga urumuri iyo bifatanye na ADN igenewe. Hanyuma, nta kindi kizamini cy'inyongera, abakora ikizamini bashobora kureba mu kanya nyako niba ADN ijyanye nayo iri mu gipimo. Si ibyo gusa, bashobora no kubona igitekerezo cy'ingano y'ibihari.

Ikintu giteye urujijo ni uko hari abantu babyita "RT-PCR". Ariko si kimwe na Reverse-Transcriptase PCR twavuze mbere. Nanone, ubu buryo bwa Real-time PCR bushobora gukoreshwa hamwe na Reverse-Transcriptase PCR twavuze mbere. Hanyuma bwitwa Real-time RT-PCR (RT-PCR y'igihe nyacyo) . Ubu buryo bwa Real-time RT-PCR bukoreshwa mu gupima mu mazuru virusi za RNA nka Covid-19 na grippe.

Ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya PCR bitubwira iki?

Iyo ubonye ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya PCR, amagambo ashobora gutandukana gato, bitewe n'icyo wapimwe.

• Muri rusange, niba ibisubizo byawe bivuga "byagaragaye" cyangwa "biriho," bivuze ko ufite ihinduka ry'uturemangingo cyangwa ubwandu bwatewe n'ikizamini.
• Niba ibisubizo bivuga ngo "ntibyabonetse," bivuze ko ikizamini kitashoboye kubona ADN cyangwa RNA byari bipimwe. Ariko, mu gihe hari ubwandu, ibi rimwe na rimwe bishobora gusobanura ko wapimwe hakiri kare cyane mu gihe cyo kwandura. Ushobora kuba ugifite ubwandu, ariko birashoboka ko nta virusi cyangwa bagiteri bihagije byo kumenyekana na PCR icyo gihe.

Ni gute wasobanura ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa PCR bwa Covid-19?

Iki ni ikintu abantu benshi bamenyereye ubu.

• Ibisubizo bya PCR bya COVID - bivuze ko raporo yawe ivuga ngo "Yagaragaye" - bivuze ko ushobora kuba waranduye COVID-19 , cyangwa uherutse gukira COVID-19 (rimwe na rimwe PCR ishobora kugumana na yo igihe runaka nyuma yo gukira).
• Iyo ubonye ibisubizo bya PCR bya COVID (“Ntabwo byagaragaye”), bivuze ko bishoboka cyane ko utari ufite COVID-19 igihe wafataga agapira ko mu mazuru. Ariko, nk'uko nabivuze mbere, rimwe na rimwe, mu ntangiriro z'ubwandu, cyane cyane iyo udafite ibimenyetso, ibizamini bya PCR bishobora kuba nta bimenyetso. Rero niba ufite ibimenyetso, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kongera kwipimisha mu minsi mike.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo bya PCR?

Ibi kandi biratandukanye bitewe n'ikizamini kirimo gukorwa.

• Gupima virusi zisanzwe nka grippe na COVID-19 mu mazuru bikunze gufata amasaha make cyangwa umunsi kugira ngo bitange umusaruro.
• Ibipimo bya genetike bikoresha ibizamini by'amaraso n'uburyo bwa biopsy bishobora gufata icyumweru cyangwa irenga kugira ngo bibone ibisubizo kuko inzira yo gusesengura iba igoye gato.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge ku ikizamini cya PCR cyangwa ibisubizo byacyo, menya neza ko wavuganye na muganga wawe. Bashobora kugusobanurira byose.

Ubutumwa bw'ingenzi cyane bwo kujyana mu rugo

Nubwo amagambo "ikizamini cya PCR" yinjiye mu buryo butunguranye mu kiganiro cyacu cya buri munsi ku icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyo mu 2020, mu by'ukuri ni ikoranabuhanga ry'agaciro kenshi abaganga bamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bakoresha. PCR ifasha kumenya no gukoporora ingano nto ya ADN cyangwa RNA, ishobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye.

Nubwo ibi ari ibisanzwe ku baganga, bishobora kuba bidakunze kubaho ko wipimisha. Turabyumva. Ariko ikintu cyiza ni uko bisaba gusa icyitegererezo gito cy'umubiri wawe, kandi ubusanzwe igikorwa kimara iminota mike gusa. Niba ufite ikibazo, impungenge, cyangwa gushidikanya kuri ibi, nyamuneka vugana na muganga wawe. Azagusobanurira byose. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Ikizamini cya PCR , ADN, RNA, isuzuma ry'uturemangingo, gusuzuma, Covid-19, virusi