Reka twige gusa ku byerekeye electrolytes, zifitiye akamaro kanini umubiri!

Ese wigeze wumva ijambo 'electrolytes' mbere? Ushobora kuba warigeze kuryumva iyo urimo kubira ibyuya nyuma yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, cyangwa iyo umuntu arwaye kandi afite amazi make. Izi electrolytes ni iki mu by'ukuri? Kuki imibiri yacu izikeneye? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo burambuye, mu buryo bworoshye.

Elektrolyte ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Tekereza kuri ibi, electrolyte ni utuntu duto cyane, iyo tuvanze mu mazi, tugatanga amashanyarazi make (cyangwa ikintu kimeze nk'umuyoboro muto w'amazi). Bimwe muri ibi bintu bifata amashanyarazi meza (+), ibindi bifata amashanyarazi mabi (-). Imibiri yacu, ku muntu mukuru, ni hafi 60% by'amazi. Ibyo bivuze ko buri karemangingo mu mubiri, hafi ya buri mazi yose, kaba karimo ayo electrolyte. Ibi nibyo bifasha imikorere y'imiti mu mubiri wacu gukomeza neza, bigatuma amazi ari imbere no hanze yayo aguma mu buryo buringaniye, kandi bigatuma habaho n'ibindi byinshi.

Izi electrolyte tuzibona mu byo turya n'ibyo tunywa. Impyiko zacu zisohora electrolyte nyinshi mu nkari. Electrolyte nazo zisohoka mu mibiri yacu iyo tubyuya.

Biroroshye niba nawe wibuka aya magambo!

Hari amagambo make dukunda kumva iyo tuvuga kuri izi electrolytes. Iyo ubyumva mu buryo bworoshye, ushobora kumva byoroshye n'icyo muganga avuga.

• Hyper- : Iyo iri jambo rije mbere yaryo, bivuze ko hari ikintu kinini cyane . Urugero, iyo hari sodium nyinshi cyane, yitwa 'Hypernatremia'.
• Hypo- : Iyo iri jambo rije mbere, risobanura ko hari ikintu kibura . Urugero, sodiyumu nkeya yitwa 'Hyponatremia'.
• Iyoni : Ibi bivuga atome ifite umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Ni nk'ibatiri nto.
• Cations : Izi ni iyoni zifite amashanyarazi meza (+).
• Anions : Izi ni iyoons zifite amashanyarazi adafite ingufu (-).
• pH (pH) : Ibi bipima niba amazi ari aside (nk'aside), ibanze (nk'isabune), cyangwa ntayo afite (nk'amazi). `pH` isanzwe y'amaraso yacu igomba kuba hagati ya 7.36 na 7.44.
• Aside : Iyo agaciro ka pH kari munsi ya 7.
• Neutral : Niba agaciro ka `pH` ari 7 neza.
• Ishingiro/Alkali : Niba agaciro ka `pH` karenze 7. Ishingiro naryo ryitwa "alkali".

Ni iki electrolytes zigira ku mibiri yacu?

Uturemangingo two mu mubiri wawe dukoresha izi elegitoroli mu guhangana n’ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Izi ngufu z’amashanyarazi ni zo zituma imitsi yawe ikomera kandi ikanarambuka. Tekereza nawe, iyo urimo uzunguza ukuboko kwawe, iyo ufunze amaso yawe, iyo umutima wawe ukubita - izi elegitoroli ni ingenzi cyane kuri ibi byose.

Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo izi ngufu z'amashanyarazi nazo zifasha mu mikorere y'ibinyabutabire. By'umwihariko, electrolytes ni ingenzi kugira ngo umubiri ushobore kwinjiza amazi (hydration) kandi ukomeze kuringaniza ingano y'amazi ari imbere n'ahanze y'uturemangingo.

Urugero rworoshye, fata amazi y'umunyu. Amashanyarazi anyura mu mazi y'umunyu, si byo se? Impamvu y'ibi ni uko umunyu ugizwe na sodium (ifite amashanyarazi meza) na chlorine (ifite amashanyarazi mabi). Iyo ibi byombi bihujwe, amashanyarazi arangana. Ariko iyo umunyu ushongeshejwe mu mazi, atome za sodium na chlorine ziratandukana zigahinduka iyoni hamwe n'amashanyarazi meza na mabi. Hanyuma amashanyarazi anyura hagati y'izi iyoni za sodium na chlorine, ntabwo anyura hagati y'amazi.

Ibyo ni na byo bibaho mu mibiri yacu. Electrolytes zifasha mu kwimura imiti ijya no gusohoka mu turemangingo twacu. Mu yandi magambo, electrolytes zimeze nk'intwari nto zituma imibiri yacu ihora iringaniye.

Ni izihe electrolytes z'ingenzi ku mubiri wacu?

Hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi bikenewe kugira ngo umubiri wacu ugumane urugero rwiza rwa electrolyte. Reka turebe ibi bintu by'ingenzi n'uko bigenda iyo bibaye byinshi cyane (Hyper-) cyangwa bike cyane (Hypo-) mu mubiri.

Sodiyumu (+)

Sodiyumu ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane gifasha mu kubungabunga ingano ikwiye y'amazi mu turemangingo. Ifasha kandi uturemangingo kwinjiza intungamubiri. Sodiyumu ni iyoni nyinshi cyane mu mubiri wacu.

• Hypernatremia : Ibi bishobora gutera urujijo, impinduka mu myitwarire, kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura imitsi, gukubita , ndetse no kuri koma.
• Kubura sodium (Hyponatremia) : Ibi bishobora kandi gutera urujijo, kurakara, intege nke z'imitsi, isesemi, kuruka, gucika intege , ndetse no kuri koma.

Manyeziyumu (+)

Magnesium ifasha uturemangingo guhindura intungamubiri mo ingufu. Magnesium ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubwonko bwawe n'imitsi bikore neza.

• Hypermagnesemia : Hari aho umutima uhindagurika (Arrhythmias), intege nke z'imitsi, guhumeka nabi, no guhagarara k'umutima.
• Kubura manyeziyumu (Hypomagnesemia) : Gucika intege kw'imitsi, kuribwa mu nda, kunanirwa kwifata, no gutera k'umutima mu buryo butunguranye (arrhythmias). Ibi bikunze kubaho hamwe no kubura calcium na potasiyumu.

Potasiyumu (+)

Uturemangingo dukoresha potasiyumu hamwe na sodiyumu. Iyo iyoni ya sodiyumu yinjiye mu turemangingo, iyoni ya potasiyumu irasohoka. Uko ni ko bigenda. Potasiyumu ni ingenzi cyane ku mikorere y'umutima wawe. Iyo irenze urugero cyangwa nke cyane bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima.

• Ubwiyongere bwa potasiyumu (Hyperkalemia): Umubiri udafite ubuzima, kudashobora kwimuka kw'imitsi, guta ubwenge, no gutera k'umutima mu buryo budasanzwe (arrhythmias).
• Potasiyumu nkeya (Hypokalemia) : Ibimenyetso birimo intege nke z'imitsi, kubabara umugongo, kwihagarika kenshi, kuzerera iyo uhagaze, no gucika intege. Iyo ibi bikabije, imitsi ishobora gutangira kwangirika (indwara yitwa rhabdomyolysis, ishobora kwangiza impyiko cyane) ndetse no kubangamira umutima (arrhythmias).

Kalisiyumu (+)

Iyo tuvuze kuri kalisiyumu, tuyifata nk'ikintu gikomeza amenyo n'amagufwa. Nibyo koko. Ariko kalisiyumu ikenewe ku bintu byinshi birenze ibyo. Kalisiyumu nayo ni ingenzi ku bintu nko kugenzura imitsi, kohereza ubutumwa binyuze mu mitsi, no kugenzura umutima. Kalisiyumu yaba iri hejuru cyangwa iri hasi mu maraso, ishobora gutera ibimenyetso byinshi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere itandukanye y'umubiri.

Ubwiyongere bwa kalisiyumu (Hypercalcemia)

• Ubwonko : Kuribwa umutwe, umunaniro, kutagira icyo ushishikajwe na cyo, urujijo.
• Uduce tw'igogora : kuribwa mu nda, kubabara mu gifu, kuruka.
• Impyiko : Kunyara kenshi, amabuye mu mpyiko, impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza.
• Umutima : Kudakora neza kw'imitsi y'umutima (Arrhythmias) (bimwe bishobora kuba bikomeye).
• Imitsi n'amagufwa : Ububabare mu magufwa no mu ngingo.

Kalisiyumu nkeya (Hypocalcemia)

• Ubwonko : Guhungabana k'ubwenge, impinduka mu myitwarire.
• Imitsi : Imitsi ikomeye, kunanirwa kwifata, imitsi iracikagurika, kugorwa no kuvuga no guhumeka bitewe n'imitsi yo mu muhogo ifunganye.

Chloride (-)

Chloride (izina rya chlorine ion) ni iyoni ya kabiri iboneka cyane mu mubiri. Ni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'amazi imbere no hanze y'uturemangingo. Ifasha kandi kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'imiterere karemano ya `pH` mu mubiri.

• Hyperchloremia : Ibi bishobora gutera indwara yitwa acidosis (ubwiyongere bw'aside mu maraso). Ibi bishobora gutera isesemi, kuruka, umunaniro, guhumeka vuba, no kwiheba. Ibi bikunze kujyana no kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka kwa potasiyumu.
• Iyo bifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwa potasiyumu: Ibibazo bikomeye by'impyiko cyangwa impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza bishobora kubaho.
• Kubura potasiyumu bishobora kujyana no gucibwamo, kuva kw'amazi y'agakoko gatera pancreas, n'izindi ndwara zikomeye zo mu nzira y'inkari.
• Hypochloremia : Ibi bituma amaraso aba alkaline cyane (alkalosis). Ibi bikunze kubaho iyo umuntu adafite alkaline cyangwa aruka. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kutita ku bintu, urujijo, arrhythmia, imitsi ihindagurika, cyangwa kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura.

Fosfeti (-)

Fosfate ni molekile irimo fosfere. Ni ingenzi mu gutwara imiti n'utunyangingo mu tunyangingo. Ifasha utunyangingo gutunganya intungamubiri. Ni kandi igice cy'ingenzi cya molekile zitwa nucleotides zigize ADN yacu.

• Hyperphosphatemia : Ibi bikunze kubaho iyo umubiri ugerageje gukoresha kalisiyumu aho gukoresha fosifore. Ibimenyetso bishobora kutagaragara kugeza igihe bikomereye. Ibimenyetso byo kubura kalisiyumu nabyo bishobora kubaho iyo bigenze gutyo. Gukaranga cyane bishobora no kujyana nabyo.
• Hypophosphatemie : Ikimenyetso cya mbere cy’ibi ni intege nke z’imitsi. Uko iyi ndwara irushaho gukomera, ibimenyetso bikomeye nka rhabdomyolysis (gucika intege kw’imitsi, bishobora kwangiza impyiko cyane), gukubita ibisebe , kugabanuka k’imikorere y’umutima, no kugorwa no guhumeka (kubera intege nke z’imitsi).

Bikarubonati (-)

Si gaze karuboni yose umubiri wacu ukora ijya mu bihaha igasohoka. Imwe ikoreshwa mu gukora bikaruboni. Iyi bikaruboni niyo ifasha mu kubungabunga pH y'amaraso yacu.

• Aside : Iyo urugero rwa bicarbonate rugabanutse, amaraso ahinduka aside. Ibi bishobora gutera umunaniro, isesemi, kuruka, guhumeka vuba, no kwiheba.
• Alkalose : Iyo urugero rwa bicarbonate rwiyongereye, amaraso ahinduka alkaline. Ibi bishobora gutera urujijo, kutita ku bintu, gutera umutima ku buryo budasanzwe (arrhythmias), no kuribwa mu mitsi.

Ni ibihe bipimo bifasha mu gupima ibibazo bya electrolyte?

Hari ibizamini bitandukanye bya laboratwari bishobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma ihindagurika ry’amashanyarazi. Ikizamini cya mbere gikunze gukorwa ni ikizamini rusange, nko gusuzuma imikorere y’umubiri. Niba ibisubizo bidakunze kugaragara, muganga wawe ashobora gutumiza ibizamini byihariye. Ibi bizamini ni ingenzi kuko bishobora gufasha kumenya impamvu ihindagurika ry’amashanyarazi no gutanga ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ibizamini bigari

Ibi ni ibipimo by'amaraso:

• Igice cy'ibanze cya Metabolic Panel (BMP) : Iki gice kireba imikorere itandukanye mu mubiri.
• BUN (Azote ya Urea y'amaraso). Ibi bishobora gutanga igitekerezo cy'imikorere y'impyiko n'umwuma.
• Kunganya amazi n'urugero rwa electrolyte nka sodium, potasiyumu, dioxyde de carbone, na chloride.
• Urugero rw'isukari mu maraso. Iyo bikozwe mu gihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa, bishobora kugaragaza diyabete cyangwa diyabete itaratangira.
• Itsinda ry’ibinyabutabire rikora ku buryo burambuye (CMP) : Ibi bisa na `BMP`, ariko amakuru menshi arakusanywa.
• Urugero rwa kalisiyumu.
• Urugero rwa Albumine (poroteyine ikorwa n'umwijima).
• Igipimo rusange cya poroteyine mu maraso.
• Bilirubin (ikinyabutabire gikorerwa mu mwijima).
• Urugero rwa enzyme rwitwa aspartate aminotransferase (AST) na alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (ibi bifitanye isano n'imikorere y'umwijima).
• Electrolyte Panel : Iyi isa na `Metabolic Panels` twavuze haruguru, ariko iyi ireba gusa electrolytes. Isesengura sodium, chloride, potasiyumu, na bicarbonate.

Ibizamini byihariye kurushaho

Ibindi bizamini byihariye ku bibazo bya electrolyte:

• Isuzuma ry'amaraso rya Aldosterone: Iki gipimo cy'imisemburo yihariye ikorwa n'impyiko.
• Isuzuma ry'amaraso rya Anion gap: Rigereranya urugero rwa electrolytes zifite amashanyarazi meza n'ayangiritse.
• Ikizamini cya ADH/Antidiuretic Hormone: Iyi hormone ipimwa kugira ngo harebwe urugero rw'amaraso.
• Isuzuma ry'amaraso ya dioxyde de carbone: Ripima ingano ya dioxyde de carbone mu maraso.
• Gupima amaraso n'inkari bitandukanye kugira ngo urebe electrolytes zitandukanye (chloride, manyeziyumu, fosifore, sodium).
• Ikizamini cy'amaraso: Ibi bikorwa iyo hakekwa ko hari umwuma, amazi menshi cyangwa uburozi.
• Ikizamini cy'inkari zipima osmolality: Gisuzuma uburinganire bw'amazi.
• Ikizamini cy'inkari: Iki kizamini imikorere y'impyiko.

Raporo y'ibizamini nzakira izaba imeze ite?

Raporo nyinshi za laboratwari zirimo "urugero rw'ingero" hamwe n'ibisubizo byawe. Ibi bifite umupaka wo hejuru n'uwo hasi. Niba ibisubizo byawe biri hagati y'ibi bisubizo bibiri, bifatwa nk'umusaruro "usanzwe".

Ibi bisubizo bikunze gutangwa hakurikijwe "ingano y'ikintu kivugwa kiri mu gipimo."

• Milimole (mmol/L) : Iki ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane.
• Millieequivalents (mEq/L) : Ibi nabyo rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa.
• Miligarama kuri desilita (mg/dL) : Iyi ikoreshwa kuri molecule zimwe na zimwe nini.

Nubwo ibi bipimo bishobora gusa n'ibigoye, muganga wawe azabyumva neza. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya niba ibisubizo byawe biri mu rugero rusanzwe cyangwa bitari mu rugero rwabyo.

Ni ibihe bipimo bisanzwe by'urugero rwa electrolyte?

Buri electrolyte ifite urugero rusanzwe rw'amaraso n'inkari. Urwo rugero rushobora gutandukana gato bitewe na laboratwari. Rushobora kandi gutandukana bitewe n'imyaka yawe n'ubuzima bwawe. Rero, ni byiza kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo aguhe ibisobanuro nyabyo ku bisubizo byawe.

Ese byose ni byiza niba igisubizo gisanzwe kigarutse? Ese igisubizo kidasanzwe gihora ari ikibazo?

Iki ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane. Abantu bose si ko bameze kimwe. Hari igihe ibisubizo byawe bishobora kuba birenze urugero rusanzwe, ariko ushobora kuba udafite ikibazo. Hari n'igihe, nubwo ibisubizo byaba ari ibisanzwe, ibimenyetso byawe n'ibindi bipimo bishobora kugaragaza ko ufite ikibazo cy'ubuzima.

Tekereza umuntu uri mu ruziga azunguza isahani ku giti. Iyo isahani ihengamiye cyane ku ruhande rumwe, izagwa. Kuringaniza ni ingenzi cyane. Ingano ya electrolyte yawe n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini biterwa n'ubwo bwoko bw'iringaniza. Imibiri yacu ihora igerageza kubungabunga iringaniza uko ishoboye kose. Hari igihe umubiri ushobora gufasha sisitemu imwe ufasha indi, kandi ikibazo gishobora guhishwa kugira ngo kitagaragara hejuru. Muganga azakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo arebe niba umubiri uhishe ikibazo kimwe kandi ukarema ikindi.

Ni ryari nzamenya ibisubizo by'ibizamini?

Muganga wawe cyangwa abakozi be bashobora kukubwira igihe bizatwara kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe. Ibizamini bimwe bitanga ibisubizo vuba, mu gihe ibindi bishobora gufata iminsi myinshi.

Ni ryari nkwiye guhamagara muganga wanjye?

• Niba udasobanukiwe n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe.
• Niba igisubizo kiri hanze y’urugero rusanzwe, ufite ibibazo cyangwa impungenge kuri cyo.
• Niba uhuye n'impinduka zitunguranye mu bimenyetso bijyanye n'urugero rw'amashanyarazi yawe.

Mu bihe nk'ibi , ni byiza kuvugana na muganga nta gupfusha ubusa umwanya.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Electrolyte ni ingenzi mu mikorere y'imibiri yacu. Igira ingaruka kuri byose kuva ku buryo dufata amazi kugeza ku buryo umutima wacu utera. Ibipimo bya electrolyte binafasha abaganga gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye n'ibibazo by'ubuzima.

Rero, kumenya neza electrolytes n'ibibazo bishobora kuvukana na zo bizagufasha kwiyitaho no kwirinda ibibazo by'ubuzima mu gihe kizaza. Muri ubwo buryo, ushobora kugenzura urugero rw'electrolytes zawe no kubaho ubuzima bwiza. Urabyumva? Niba ufite ibindi bibazo kuri ibi, ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe.

Electrolyte, sodium, potasiyumu, kalisiyumu, manyeziyumu , amazi yo mu mubiri, umuriro w'amashanyarazi