Urashaka kumenya urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye!

Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku kintu cy'ingenzi cyane ku mibiri yacu. Ni urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yacu. Ushobora kuba warumvise abaganga bavuga kuri ibi, cyangwa bagashyira akamashini gato mu rutoki rwawe bakagusuzuma. None se, iki ni iki? Kuki ari ingenzi cyane? Reka turebe.

Igipimo cya ogisijeni mu maraso ni iki?

Mu magambo make, urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso , cyangwa ubwinshi bwa ogisijeni mu maraso, ni ingano ya ogisijeni mu maraso yawe.

Twese tuzi ko ogisijeni ari ingenzi ku buzima. Imibiri yacu ikenera ogisijeni runaka kugira ngo ikore neza. Iyo duhumeka (ni ukuvuga guhumeka), ogisijeni yinjira mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa kacu inyura mu bihaha byacu ikajya mu maraso yacu. Kuva aho, ogisijeni igendana n'amaraso ikagera mu turemangingo twose tw'umubiri. Tekereza gato, buri karemangingo gato mu mubiri wacu gakeneye ogisijeni kugira ngo gatange ingufu. Izi ngufu ni zo dukoresha kuri byose kuva mu gusya ibiryo kugeza mu gutekereza kugeza mu kugenda.

Iyo uturemangingo tumaze gukoresha ogisijeni, turekura dioxyde de carbone . Nanone, amaraso yacu akura iyi dioxyde de carbone akayijyana mu bihaha. Hanyuma, iyo dusohoye umwuka, irarekurwa.

Imibiri yacu igenzura urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yacu mu buryo budasanzwe. Kubera ko urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso rugabanuka, ari byo byitwa hypoxemia , bishobora gutera indwara zikomeye cyane. Bishobora no kwangiza ingingo z'ingenzi nk'ubwonko bwacu n'umutima. Urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso rugabanuka bishobora gutuma ibihaha cyangwa inzira z'amaraso zidakora neza.

Upima ute urugero rw'umwuka wa ogisijeni?

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gupima urugero rwa ogisijeni. Bumwe ni ugufata ikizamini cy'amaraso. Ubundi ni ugukoresha igikoresho gito cyitwa pulse oximeter . Ariko, ikizamini cy'amaraso gishobora gutanga amakuru menshi kurusha oximeter.

Isuzuma ry'amaraso

Abaganga bashobora gupima urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe nk'igice cy'ikizamini kinini. Iki cyitwa ikizamini cya ogisijeni mu maraso , cyangwa ikizamini cya ABG . Iki kizamini gipima urugero rwa ogisijeni na dioxyde de carbone mu maraso yawe. Kinagenzura ingano ya aside-base, cyangwa pH , mu maraso yawe. Urugero rwa aside ruri hejuru n'uruke mu maraso yawe ni rubi ku buzima bwawe.

Oximetri y'ingufu z'umutima (Pulse Oximetry)

Igipimo cy'umwuka gipima ingano ya ogisijeni mu maraso yawe. Akenshi ni agace gato ufata ku rutoki cyangwa ku mano. Ishusho iri kuri ogisijeni igaragaza ijanisha ry'amaraso yawe yuzuye ogisijeni. Ibi byitwa urugero rwawe rwa SpO2.Bigaragaza kandi umuvuduko w'umutima wawe. Ubu ni uburyo bwihuse kandi budakoresha imbaraga nyinshi bwo kugenzura niba urugero rw'umwuka wa ogisijeni mu maraso y'umuntu ruri hasi.

Abaganga bo mu bitaro bakunze gukoresha izi oximeter zo mu maraso. Ushobora kandi kugura oximeter yo mu maraso yo gukoreshwa mu rugo. Ushobora kuzigura muri farumasi, mu maduka amwe, cyangwa ku mbuga za interineti.

Kuki ngomba kugenzura urugero rw'umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wanjye?

Muganga wawe ashobora gushaka kugenzura urugero rwa ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe niba ufite indwara ikomeye kandi itunguranye. Urugero:

• Niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka (ndetse n'umwana uvutse arapimwa niba afite ikibazo cyo guhumeka).
• Niba uherutse kugira ikibazo ku mutwe cyangwa ijosi cyagize ingaruka ku mihumekere yawe.
• Niba ufite indwara ya coronavirus ``(COVID-19)``.
• Niba urwaye umusonga .
• Niba ufite uburozi bwa monoxide ya karubone .
• Niba warakomeretse kubera guhumeka umwotsi (`Impanuka yo guhumeka umwotsi`).
• Niba ufite isesemi idashira cyangwa kuruka.
• Niba warafashe imiti irenze urugero.

Nanone, niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira mu ndwara z'ibihaha, muganga wawe ashobora kugenzura urugero rwa ogisijeni mu bihaha byawe kugira ngo arebe niba uburyo uvura bukora neza:

• Asima
• COPD `(Indwara y'ibihaha idakira)`
• Indwara ya cystic fibrosis
• Indwara z'umutima

Niba urimo guhabwa ogisijeni mu bitaro, abakozi b'abaganga bazakurikirana buri gihe urugero rw'ogisijeni yawe kugira ngo barebe neza ko uhawe ogisijeni ikwiye.

Ese hari ibintu dushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo twongere urugero rwa ogisijeni?

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kongera ingano ya ogisijeni mu maraso mu buryo busanzwe. Reba:

• Guhumeka umwuka mwiza: Gufungura amadirishya cyangwa gusohoka hanze gutembera byongera ingano ya ogisijeni yinjira mu mubiri wawe. Ibi kandi byongera urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe.
• Kureka kunywa itabi: Mu byumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu uhereye igihe urekeye kunywa itabi, amaraso yawe azagenda neza cyane. Mu mezi 1 kugeza ku icyenda, guhumeka kwawe kugabanuka. Ibi bintu byombi bifasha umubiri wawe kubona ogisijeni nyinshi.
• Itoze imyitozo yo guhumeka: Ibintu byoroshye nko guhumeka ukoresheje iminwa no guhumeka mu nda cyane bishobora gufasha gufungura inzira z'ubuhumekero no kongera umwuka wa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe.

Ushobora kugenzura urugero rwa ogisijeni yawe mu rugo ukoresheje icyuma gipima impumuro y'umutima (pulse oximeter) ukareba niba ubu buryo busanzwe bwongera urugero rwa ogisijeni yawe.

Ariko, ibuka ibi. Niba ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi cyihishe inyuma, cyane cyane ikibazo gikomeye nk’umusonga cyangwa uburozi bwa monoxide de carbone, iyi miti karemano yonyine ishobora kudashobora gutuma urugero rwa ogisijeni yawe rugera ku rwego rushimishije.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya hypoxemia , ari byo bigaragazwa n'urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso, jya kwa muganga uri hafi vuba bishoboka.

Ni nde ukora ibi bipimo by'urugero rwa ogisijeni? Bikora bite?

Umuganga w’indwara zo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero ubusanzwe afata ikizamini cy’amaraso kugira ngo arebe urugero rwa ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe kugira ngo apime ABG. Ibi bifatwa mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe. Hanyuma ikizamini gipimwa n’umuganga w’indwara zo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero cyangwa kigahita cyoherezwa muri laboratwari. Aho ngaho, abahanga mu bya laboratwari y’ubuvuzi baragisuzuma.

Umuganga uwo ari we wese ashobora gukoresha icyuma gipima impumuro kugira ngo arebe urugero rwa ogisijeni mu mubiri wawe. Ushobora kandi gukoresha icyuma gipima impumuro mu rugo, haba kuri wowe cyangwa ku wundi muntu.

Ibisobanuro birambuye ku isuzuma ryo gupima amaraso

Mbere y'uko umuvuzi w'ubuhumekero akura amaraso mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe, ashobora gukora ikintu cyitwa ikizamini cya Allen . Ibi bikubiyemo kuzamura ukuboko kwawe no kugumisha ukuboko kwawe guhindagurika. Hanyuma umuvuzi ashyira igitutu ku mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe mu masegonda make. Iki kizamini cyoroshye kireba niba imitsi yombi iri mu kuboko kwawe ifunguye kandi ikora neza.

Niba urimo guhabwa ogisijeni y'inyongera, ogisijeni yawe ishobora kuzimwa iminota 20 mbere yuko amaraso akurwamo. Ibi byitwa ikizamini cy'umwuka wo mu cyumba . Ariko, niba udashobora guhumeka udafite ogisijeni y'inyongera, muganga wawe ntazakora iki kizamini.

Ikibabaje ni uko gukura amaraso mu mitsi bishobora kubabaza cyane kurusha gukura amaraso mu mitsi. Ibi biterwa nuko imitsi iba iri kure cyane kurusha imitsi kandi ikikijwe n'imitsi. Ushobora kumva umeze nk'uzuzumwe, ufite umutwe ukeye, cyangwa ukagira isesemi mu gihe urimo gukura amaraso.

Intambwe zo gukurikiza mu gihe cyo gufata amaraso no kugenzura urugero rwa ogisijeni ni izi zikurikira:

• Uzaba wicaye ku ntebe cyangwa uryamye ku buriri. Umuganga w’ubuhumekero azasangamo umutsi w’amaraso - akenshi uba imbere mu kuboko kwawe. Ultrasound ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gushaka umutsi w’amaraso.
• Iyo umutsi ubonetse, aho hantu hasukurwa kandi hagashyirwa imiti yica udukoko.
• Hanyuma urushinge ruto rushyirwa mu mitsi hanyuma amaraso agafatwa. Ushobora kumva ububabare bukabije iyo urushinge rushyizwemo.
• Nyuma yo gushyiramo urushinge, amaraso make akusanywa mu nshinge.
• Iyo amaraso amaze gukusanywa, urushinge rurakurwaho hanyuma agace k'ipamba cyangwa gaze gashyirwa aho amaraso aherereye kugira ngo amaraso ahagarike. Niba ufata imiti igabanya amaraso, ushobora gukenera kuyishyiraho iminota 5-10 cyangwa irenga.
• Hanyuma hashyirwa plaster kuri icyo gice. Hanyuma akazi kararangiye.

Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso

Iyo ugenzuye urugero rwa ogisijeni yawe ukoresheje icyuma gipima umuvuduko w'amaraso (pulse oximeter), ibi nibyo bibaho:

• Muganga wawe ashyira igikoresho gito cya elegitoroniki cya pulasitiki cyitwa pulse oximeter ku gice cy'umubiri wawe - akenshi agace k'urutoki rwawe.
• Oximeter itanga urumuri rwihariye rwitwa infrared light . Runyura mu ruhu rwawe rukagera mu maraso ari mu mitsi yawe (capillaries). Nta kibazo rubabaza, kandi nta kintu na kimwe uzumva.
• Hanyuma, oximeteri ipima ingano y'urumuri rugaragara inyuma n'uduce twa hemoglobine mu maraso yawe. Ibi bikoreshwa mu kumenya urwego rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe.
• Mu masegonda make, oximeter izaguha umubare ugaragaza umuvuduko w'umutima wawe n'urugero rwa ogisijeni.

Ushobora kandi gukoresha icyuma gipima impumuro (pulse oximeter) mu rugo. Ariko, ibuka ko ukuri kw'isesengura ry'igicumuro (pulse oximeter) gushobora kugabanuka bitewe n'ibintu bikurikira:

• Urutoki urimo gusuzuma rufite irangi ry'inzara .
• Hari urumuri rwinshi cyane mu cyumba ukoreshamo oximeter.
• Kunyeganyega cyane iyo ukoresha oximeter.

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bivuga iki?

Raporo z'ibipimo by'amaraso, harimo na raporo z'ibipimo by'urugero rwa ogisijeni, ubusanzwe ziba zikubiyemo amakuru akurikira:

• Izina ry'ikizamini cy'amaraso ni cyo gipimwa mu maraso yawe.
• Ese umubare n'ibipimo byatanzwe ku bipimo by'amaraso yawe ni byo?
• Ubwo ni bwo buryo busanzwe bwo gupima ikizamini.
• Amakuru agaragaza niba ibisubizo byawe ari ibisanzwe, bidasanzwe, biri hasi, cyangwa biri hejuru.

Niba urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe rutari rusanzwe, bishobora gusobanura ibi bikurikira:

• Ntabwo ubona ogisijeni ihagije .
• Ntabwo usohora umwuka uhagije wa dioxyde de carbone .
• Amaraso yawe afite ihindagurika rya pH (yaba aside nyinshi cyangwa alkaline nyinshi).

Ikizamini gipima urugero rwa ogisijeni gusa ntigishobora gusuzuma indwara runaka. Niba ibisubizo byawe bitameze neza, muganga wawe azagutegeka ibindi bipimo kugira ngo yemeze cyangwa agaragaze ko nta ndwara ifite.

Urugero rusanzwe rwa ogisijeni ni uruhe?

Laboratwari zitandukanye zishobora kugira intera isanzwe itandukanye ukurikije ibyo zishaka mu gupima urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso. Iyo ubonye raporo y'ibipimo byawe by'amaraso, izagaragaza intera isanzwe kuri buri gipimo uvana muri iyo laboratwari. Niba ufite ikibazo ku bisubizo byawe, menya neza ko wabaza muganga wawe.

Ku bantu benshi, urugero rusanzwe rwa ogisijeni, nk'uko bipimirwa na oximeter y'imitsi, ruri hagati ya 95% na 100%.Yego. Niba ufite indwara y'ibihaha nka COPD cyangwa pneumonia, urugero rw'umwuka uhumeka mu bihaha rushobora kuba ruri hasi ugereranije n'uru. Muganga wawe azakubwira urugero rwemewe. Niba utuye ahantu hari imisozi miremire, urugero rw'umwuka uhumeka mu bihaha narwo rushobora kuba ruri hasi gato.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka ni uko ibipimo by'umwuka mu maraso bitaba ari ukuri 100%. Urugero rw'umwuka mu maraso yawe rushobora kuba ruri hejuru cyangwa ruri hasi ya 2% kugeza kuri 4% ugereranyije n'uko ibipimo by'umwuka bigaragaza. Kugira ngo umuganga wawe ahabwe igisubizo nyacyo, ashobora gushaka gusuzuma urugero rw'umwuka mu maraso yawe akoresheje isuzuma ry'amaraso.

Ni iki gituma umwuka wa ogisijeni uba muke? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Kubura umwuka uhagije mu maraso ni indwara aho urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso ruri hasi ugereranije n’ibisanzwe. (Muri Sinhala, ogisijeni nke mu maraso). Kubera ko ogisijeni ari ingenzi ku mikorere yose mu mubiri wacu, kubura umwuka uhagije mu maraso akenshi ni ikibazo kigomba gufatwa nk'ikintu gikomeye. Uko urugero rwa ogisijeni rugabanuka, ni ko ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ingingo n'ingingo by'umubiri biba byinshi.

Indwara zitandukanye n'imimerere itandukanye bishobora kubuza umubiri wawe gutanga ogisijeni isanzwe mu maraso yawe. Dore zimwe mu mpamvu zikunze gutuma ogisijeni igabanuka mu maraso (hypoxemia):

• Indwara z'umutima
• Indwara z'ibihaha (urugero: asima, emphysema, bronchitis)
• Hari imiti igabanya ububabare ikomeye cyangwa ibindi bibazo bituma umuntu ahumeka buhoro
• Guhumeka nabi mu gihe usinziriye (sleep apnea )
• Kubyimba cyangwa inkovu mu bihaha byawe
• Kuba ahantu hari imisozi miremire (aho umwuka wa ogisijeni uba muke mu kirere)

Niba urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe ruri hasi, muganga wawe azagutegeka ko hakorwa ibindi bipimo kugira ngo amenye ikibitera. Ikizamini gipima urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe cyonyine ntigishobora kumenya impamvu.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ukoresha icyuma gipima impumuro yawe mu rugo, hamagara muganga wawe niba urugero rwa ogisijeni yawe ruri ku kigero cya 92% cyangwa kiri munsi yayo. Niba kiri ku kigero cya 88% cyangwa kiri munsi yayo, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi cya hafi vuba bishoboka.

Niba ufite indwara y'ibihaha imaze igihe kirekire nka COPD cyangwa asima, uzakenera kujya kwa muganga buri gihe kugira ngo umenye neza ko ubuvuzi bwawe bukora neza. Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso biguhangayikishije bijyanye n'indwara y'ibihaha, vugana na muganga wawe vuba bishoboka.

Ese umwuka muke wa ogisijeni ni ikimenyetso cya COVID-19?

Covid-19COVID-19 ntigira ingaruka ku bantu bose kimwe. Abantu banduye bafite ibimenyetso bitandukanye - bamwe bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje cyane, abandi bafite indwara zikomeye. Hari abantu bandura COVID-19 - ariko si bose - bafite urugero ruto rwa ogisijeni mu maraso. Kuba ufite ibindi bimenyetso kandi urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe rukaba rusanzwe ntibivuze ko udafite COVID-19. Nanone, ushobora gukomeza kurwara COVID-19 nubwo urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe rwaba ruri hasi.

Uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya neza niba ufite COVID-19 ni ukwipimisha. Nubwo icyuma gipima umuvuduko w'amaraso mu rugo rimwe na rimwe gishobora kugufasha, gifite imbogamizi kandi kigaragaza gusa igice gito cy'ubuzima bwawe. Ntukishingikirize ku gipimo cyonyine kugira ngo umenye COVID-19.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya COVID-19, reba muganga wawe vuba bishoboka.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'uko umwuka wa ogisijeni mu maraso ugabanuka?

Ibimenyetso by'uko umwuka wa ogisijeni uri hasi mu maraso (Hypoxemia) biratandukanye bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara. Bishobora kuba birimo:

• Umutwe
• Guhumeka nabi
• Umutima wihuta cyane
• Inkorora
• Guhumeka
• Urujijo
• Ibara ry'ubururu ku ruhu rwawe, inzara, n'iminwa yawe .
• Ibara ry'umutuku w'isheri ku ruhu rwawe, inzara, cyangwa iminwa (iki ni ikimenyetso cy'uburozi bwa monoxide ya karubone).

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Keretse niba ufite ikibazo cy’ubuzima kidasobanutse kigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo kwinjiza ogisijeni, ntugomba guhora ugenzura urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe. Nubwo icyuma gipima umuvuduko w’amaraso mu rugo rimwe na rimwe gishobora kugufasha, ntabwo ari ukuri nk’ikizamini cy’amaraso. Niba ufite ibimenyetso by’uko ogisijeni iri hasi mu maraso, nko kugorwa no guhumeka, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga wawe vuba bishoboka.

` Urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso, ogisijeni, hypoxemia, pulse oximeter, ABG test, kubura umwuka, indwara z'ibihaha