Ubumaji bufasha ijisho kubona! Reka twige kuri retina mu magambo yoroshye.

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo tubona ibintu byiza muri iyi si, amabara, inshuti zacu, n'umuryango wacu neza? Mu by'ukuri hari inzira itangaje kandi igoye cyane ibera mu maso yacu. Kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi by'iyo nzira ni retina , cyangwa nk'uko tubivuga mu Cyongereza , retina . Rero, uyu munsi turaganira kuri iki gice cy'ingenzi cyane kidufasha kubona (Retina) mu buryo bworoshye ushobora kumva.

Retina ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, retina yawe ni urwego rw'uturemangingo turi inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Ni nk'urumuri ruri muri kamera. Iyo urumuri ruturutse hanze rugeze kuri retina, ruhindura urwo rumuri mo ibimenyetso by'imitsi, ari byo butumwa buto bw'amashanyarazi. Ibi bimenyetso hanyuma bikanyura mu mitsi yawe y'amaso bikagera mu bwonko bwawe. Ubwonko busesengura ibi bimenyetso bukatubwira ibintu nka "Oh, hari indabyo," na "Dore mama," ari na byo biduha kureba .

Tekereza gato, niba iki gice cy'ijisho cyitwa retina kidakora neza, uburyo tubona isi bushobora guhinduka burundu. Hari igihe kureba bishobora kuba bibi, ibice by'ijisho bishobora gutakaza, cyangwa se bigatakaza burundu. Kenshi na kenshi, kwangirika kwa retina ni burundu, kandi iyo bidavuwe vuba, biragoye kongera kubona. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kujya kwa muganga ako kanya niba ubonye impinduka zitunguranye mu maso yawe cyangwa mu kureba kwawe.

Retina iherereye he? Ibice byayo ni ibihe?

Retina yawe iherereye inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Iherereye inyuma y'igice cy'ijisho ryawe gifite ibara (icyo twita iris) n'ikirahuri. Iyo icyerekezo gikwiye, imirasire y'urumuri irahurirana ikagwa neza kuri retina.

Hari ibice bibiri by'ingenzi bya retina. Ibyo ni:

1. Macula

2. Retina yo mu gice cyo hagati

Reka turebe buri kimwe muri ibi ukwacyo.

Igice cyitwa macula

Aka ni agace gato koroshye cyane kari hagati muri retina. Macula ni yo idufasha gutandukanya neza utuntu duto n'amabara mu byo tubona. Tekereza, uri gusoma igitabo, ureba isura y'inshuti yawe, utwaye imodoka... Utu ni uturemangingo twihariye muri macula twitwa uturemangingo tw'inyuguti . Utu turemangingo ni two dutanga amabara n'amaso meza.

Macula ni igice cy'ijisho cy'ingenzi kugira ngo tubone neza, tubone neza kandi dufite amabara menshi.

Igice cyitwa retina yo mu gice cy'imbere

Iki ni igice kinini cya retina gikikije macula. Nubwo wareba imbere, ntubona ibintu bikukikije neza.Ibi biterwa na retina yo ku ruhande rw'inyuma. Nanone, mu rumuri ruto, ni ukuvuga nijoro, muri iki gice haboneka ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo tw’urumuri twitwa uturemangingo tw’amaboko . Nubwo utu turemangingo tudashoboye kumenya amabara, tudufasha kubona mu mukara n'umweru no mu rumuri ruto.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kwibasira retine?

Ikibabaje ni uko izindi ndwara nyinshi z'amaso zishobora no kugira ingaruka ku miterere y'amaso. Zimwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara zirimo:

• Igabanuka ry'amagufwa y'amaso rifitanye isano n'imyaka (AMD): Iki ni cyo gihe igice cy'ijisho cyitwa macula twavuze cyangirika uko tugenda dusaza. Ibi bituma ibintu nko kureba neza no gusoma bigorana.
• Retinopathy iterwa na diyabete: Uko igihe kigenda gihita, abantu barwaye diyabete bashobora kwangirika kw'imitsi y'amaraso mu maso, bikagira ingaruka kuri retina. Iyo bitavuwe, ibi bishobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza.
• Indwara yo kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso: Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso ushobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso mu maso no guteza ibibazo kuri retina.
• Umwobo wo mu macular: Umwobo muto uri hagati mu macula.
• Macular Pucker: Hari agahu gato gakora hejuru y'agace k'amabere, bigatuma amaso arushaho kugabanuka.
• Migraine y'amaso: Hari abantu bashobora kugira urumuri imbere y'amaso cyangwa bagatakaza umwanya wo kureba mu gihe cy'akanya gato.
• Gutandukanya Vitreous Detachment (PVD): Iki ni igihe ikintu kimeze nk'umusemburo kiri mu jisho (vitreous) gitandukana na retina. Ibi bikunze kubaho uko tugenda dusaza.
• Kuva amaraso mu mitsi yo mu maraso/kuva amaraso mu mitsi yo mu maraso: Kuva amaraso mu mitsi mito yo mu maraso.
• Gutandukanya imboni n'amarira y'imboni: Ibi ni ibintu byihutirwa! Imboni iva ku rukuta rw'inyuma rw'ijisho. Hakenewe kuvurwa vuba.
• Gufunga imitsi yo mu maso cyangwa gufunga imitsi yo mu maso / Gufunga amaso: Kimwe n'indwara yo mu bwonko, umuyoboro w'amaraso utanga amaraso mu maso urafungwa.
• Kubyimba mu maso / Uveitis: Kubyimba ibice by'ijisho, harimo n'ijisho.
• Retinitis Pigmentosa: Iyi ni indwara umuntu arwara igenda itera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba, cyane cyane kureba nijoro no kureba mu mpande.
• Retinopathy y'igihe kitageze (ROP): Indwara ishobora kugaragara ku bana bavutse igihe kitageze.
• Indwara yo mu mirasire y'izuba:Kureba izuba (cyane cyane mu gihe cy'izuba ryijimye) nta bwirinzi bishobora kwangiza retina.
• Urugero, kanseri y'amaso (Retinoblastoma) n'izindi kanseri zitari mbi.
• Urugero, kutabona amabara (Achromatopsia) - ni ukuvuga kutabasha kubona amabara ayo ari yo yose.

Ntutinye kureba uru rutonde. Si ko ibi byose bizagera kuri buri wese. Ariko ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibi bintu bibaho.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ikibazo cya retina?

Niba hari ikibazo kuri retina yawe, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe. Niba uhuye na kimwe muri ibi, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga:

• Kubona nabi cyangwa kutabona neza: Ibintu ntibigaragara neza, cyangwa bisa nkaho birambuye cyangwa bikabije.
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kureba mu mpande / Kureba mu ruziga: Nk'aho ureba mu muyoboro, ubushobozi bwo kureba mu mpande bugabanuka.
• Kureba kabiri (Diplopia).
• Uduheri tw'amaso/Photopsias.
• Kubona utudomo duto tw'umukara cyangwa udupira tugenda imbere y'amaso yawe (Eye floaters / Myodesopsias). Witondere cyane cyane niba twongereye cyangwa turushaho kuba twinshi.
• Kumva urumuri, kudashobora kureba urumuri (Light sensitivity / Photophobia).
• Uduheri/amabara y'amaso cyangwa ubusembwa bw'amaso.
• Iyo kureba buhoro buhoro, mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa bigaragara ko birushaho kuba bibi.

Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, ntubyirengagize. Cyane cyane iyo bitangiye mu buryo butunguranye, bivuze ko mu masaha make cyangwa umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, bishobora kuba ikibazo cyihutirwa.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma retina?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga w’amaso, azareba retina yawe iyo asuzumye amaso yawe. Hari igihe azagutera imiti. Bimwe mu bizamini byihariye bikorerwa kureba retina yawe ni ibi bikurikira:

• Fundoscopy / Ophthalmoscopy: Muganga areba imbere mu jisho ryawe akoresheje urumuri rwihariye n'indorerwamo (ophthalmoscope) kugira ngo asuzume retina, imitsi y'amaso n'imitsi y'amaraso.
• Isuzuma ry'amatara yo mu maso: Ibi nabyo bimeze nka mikorosikopi yihariye. Bishobora gukuza imbere n'inyuma by'ijisho, harimo na retina.
• Ifoto ya Fundus: Ifata amafoto ya retina. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kubireba no kubigereranya nyuma.
• Gupima Fundus Reflex / Red Reflex: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma amaso y'abana bato. Iyo urumuri rumuritse ku jisho, ijisho rigenzurwa niba nta reflex itukura rifite.
• Ikizamini cyo Gupima Ubushobozi bwo Kubona: Iki ni cyo kizamini kizwi cyane kigufasha gusoma inyuguti uri kure. Gipima uburyo ubona neza.
• Ibizamini byo mu ikoranabuhanga: Kugenzura uko amaso yawe yo mu mpande ahagaze.

Ibi bizamini bishobora gufasha muganga wawe kumenya niba hari ikibazo kiri muri retina yawe.

Ni gute twarinda retina yacu?

Nk’uko amaso yacu ari ingenzi, ni ko retina yacu ari ingenzi. Bityo twese twagombye gushishikazwa no kuyirinda.

• Suzuma amaso yawe buri gihe: Waba wambaye indorerwamo cyangwa utambaye, jya kwa muganga w'amaso nibura rimwe mu mwaka, cyangwa nibura rimwe mu myaka ibiri . Niba ufite indi ndwara ishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso yawe, nka diyabete, ugomba gusuzumisha amaso yawe nibura rimwe mu mwaka . Muganga wawe azakubwira inshuro ugomba gusuzumisha amaso yawe.
• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Intungamubiri nka vitamine A, C, E, na zinc ni nziza ku maso yawe. Shyira imboga rwatsi, imbuto, n'amafi (cyane cyane amafi afite amavuta nka salmon na tuna) mu ndyo yawe.
• Buri gihe mwambare uburyo bwo kurinda amaso mu gihe ukina siporo cyangwa ukora akazi gashobora guteza akaga ku maso (urugero: kubaza imbaho, gusudira).
• Irinde izuba: Ambara indorerwamo z'izuba zirinda imirasire ya UV iyo ugiye hanze. Ntukarebe izuba neza.
• Rinda retina yawe amasoko akomeye y'urumuri: Ntukirebere ibintu nk'urumuri rwo gusudira cyangwa manyeziyumu ishyushya (iboneka mu miriro yo ku muhanda no mu byuma bitangira umuriro). Ibi bishobora kwangiza retina burundu.
• Ntukirengagize impinduka mu byo ubona: Nubwo ibintu byahinduka buhoro buhoro, ntugatekereze gusa ngo "Nta kibazo."

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Jya kwa muganga ukimara kubona impinduka mu maso yawe, nubwo waba ubona ko ari nto. Hashobora kuba igihe cyo guhindura indorerwamo zawe. Cyangwa bishobora kuba ari ikintu gikomeye kurushaho. Ntutegereze ko ibimenyetso birushaho kwiyongera.

Niba utakaje amaso yawe mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa niba ugize impinduka nshya mu buryo butunguranye mu maso (urugero: urumuri, kubona ibintu byinshi bireremba) (ni ukuvuga mu minota mike cyangwa amasaha make), jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze cy’ibitaro ako kanya.

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutuma umuntu yangirika bidasubirwaho ndetse bigatuma atabona neza, bityo ntuzigere ubyirengagiza.

Muri make, ibintu byo kwibuka

Sawa, twavuze byinshi kuri retina uyu munsi, si byo se? Ushobora kuba usobanukiwe akamaro kayo ku kureba kwacu. Retina ni yo ihindura urumuri tubona mu rurimi ubwonko busobanukirwa. Iyo bitabaho, ntitwari kubona iyi si nziza.

Kubwibyo, kwita ku miterere y'amaso yawe ni bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bwo kurinda amaso yawe. Niba ubonye ikintu "kidasanzwe" cyangwa "cyahindutse" mu maso yawe, ntugatindiganye kubibwira muganga. Kuko uko umenya indwara vuba ugatangira kuyivura, niko amahirwe yo kwirinda ingorane zikomeye aba menshi. Kurinda amaso yawe biri mu biganza byawe!

Retina , ubuzima bw'amaso, kureba, indwara z'amaso, macula, ibizamini by'amaso