Reka twige gusa kuri Hepcidin, igenzura icyuma mu mubiri?

Ese wigeze wumva izina Hepcidin? Wenda ntabwo wigeze wumva. Ariko iki ni ikintu gikora cyane mu mubiri wacu. Mu by'ukuri, iyi Hepcidin ni yo igenzura ingano y'ubutare mu mubiri wacu. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri iyi Hepcidin, n'icyo ikora ku mubiri wacu, mu buryo bworoshye kandi mu buryo bw'inshuti.

Hepcidin ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Hepcidin ni imisemburo ikorerwa mu mubiri wacu. Imisemburo ni nk'inyuguti nto igenzura buri gikorwa cyose mu mubiri wacu kandi ikajyana amakuru hirya no hino. Rero iyi misemburo yitwa hepcidin ni yo igena uburyo umubiri wacu ukoresha icyuma, ingano y'icyuma umubiri ukeneye, n'ingano yacyo kugira ngo kibikwe.

Ubutare ni imyunyu ngugu y'ingenzi ku mibiri yacu. Wari uzi ko ubutare ari ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukora poroteyine ya hemoglobin mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yacu? Iyi hemoglobin ni yo ifatana na ogisijeni ikayijyana mu ngingo zacu n'ingingo z'umubiri wose. Ikora nk'aho umwuka wa ogisijeni utwara!

Si ibyo gusa, icyuma kirakenewe kugira ngo hakorwe poroteyine myoglobin, itanga ogisijeni ku mitsi n'umutima wacu.

Rero, iyi hepcidin rimwe na rimwe yitwa "umuhanga mu kugenzura icyuma." Impamvu ni uko igenzura ingano y'icyuma uturemangingo twacu dukeneye kugira ngo dukore ibintu by'ingenzi nko gukora hemoglobine n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Tekereza, bigenda bite iyo tubuze icyuma? Kubura icyuma bishobora gutera indwara yo kubura amaraso . Ibyo bivuze ko umubiri udakora uturemangingo dutukura duhagije. Ku rundi ruhande, bite iyo dufite icyuma gikabije? Ibyo kandi ni bibi cyane ku mubiri, nk'uburozi, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikaba byanashyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Iyi hepcidin ikorerwa he mu mubiri wacu?

Hepcidin ikorerwa ahanini mu mwijima wacu. Iyo imaze kubaho, yinjira mu maraso yacu.

Hepcidin akora iki mu by'ukuri?

Twavuze mbere ko hepcidin ari "umuhanga mu kugenzura icyuma." Ni ukuvuga ko ifasha mu kubungabunga icyuma mu mubiri wacu, bivuze ko ingano yacyo iguma ku rwego rukwiye, atari gito cyane cyangwa kinini cyane.

Tubona icyuma gikomoka ku biribwa turya. Tubona icyuma gikomoka ku biribwa nk'inyama, amafi, imboga n'imbuto z'imiti. Ariko, bitandukanye n'izindi myunyungugu, imibiri yacu ntabwo ifite uburyo buhoraho bwo gukuraho icyuma gikomoka ku muriro. Urugero, iyo dufite sodiyumu nyinshi, izasohoka mu nkari. Ariko, icyuma gitakaza icyuma gikomoka ku mibiri yacu mu rugero ruto, haba mu gihe amaraso yatakaye cyangwa iyo uturemangingo dupfuye.

Ahubwo, imibiri yacu ibika icyuma, kugira ngo ikoreshwe igihe bikenewe. Dufite icyuma kibikwa ahantu nka mu igufwa ryacu, mu muhogo no mu mwijima . Hafi 70% by'icyuma cyose kiri mu mubiri kiri muri hemoglobin iri muri utwo turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso twavuze mbere.

Rero, iyi hepcidin ni yo ishyigikira cyane inzira zifasha kubika icyuma, kukivana ahantu hamwe kijya ahandi, no kongera kugikoresha. Ibi ibikora igenzura icyuma kiri mu turemangingo twacu kugira ngo kiboneke igihe gikenewe, kandi no kugira ngo icyuma cyinshi kidatera ikibazo umubiri.

Hepcidin igizwe ahanini na:

• Kugenzura uburyo icyuma gishyirwa mu maraso: Uburyo icyuma gishyirwa mu maraso ni uburyo icyuma gishyirwa mu maraso kiva mu mara mato. Nyuma yuko kigeze mu maraso ni bwo umubiri ushobora gukoresha icyuma. Bityo, hepcidin igenzura uburyo icyuma gishyirwa mu maraso n'ingano yacyo.
• Gusubiramo Ubutare muri Macrophages: Macrophages ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera tumeze nk'abasirikare bacu basukura umubiri. Nibo basenya uturemangingo dutukura dushaje, dupfa, bagatanga inzira ku turemangingo dushya dutukura. Umwongo wacu w'amagufwa ukora uturemangingo dushya dutukura hafi buri minsi 120. Rero, iyo macrophages isenya utwo turemangingo dutukura dushaje, bakuramo ubutare muri hemoglobine iri muri two. Hepcidin ni yo igena niba ubwo butare bubitse muri macrophages cyangwa bugasubizwa mu mubiri.
• Irekurwa ry'icyuma kibitswe: Icyuma kibikwa mu tunyangingo tw'umwijima (twitwa hepatocytes) no mu tunyangingo tw'amara mato (twitwa enterocytes ). Hepcidin igenzura niba icyo cyuma kiguma muri utwo tunyangingo cyangwa kikarekurwa kugira ngo gikoreshwe.

Ni gute hepcidin igenzura uburyo icyuma gifata ubutare?

Igishimishije cyane ni uko hepcidin idategeka uburyo icyuma gifata ubutare mu gutangiza inzira iyo ari yo yose. Ahubwo, ibikora ihagarika inzira zifasha icyuma gufata ubutare.

Hepcidin ikorana na poroteyine yitwa ferroportin . Iyi ferroportin ni nk'"icyuma gitwara ibyuma" mu mubiri wacu. Akazi kayo ni ukurekura ibyuma aho bibikwa (macrophages, hepatocytes, enterocytes) no kugendana ibyuma hagati y'uturemangingo tw'umubiri. Ferroportin ni yo itwara ibyuma ibikuye mu mara mato ikabishyira mu maraso kugira ngo umubiri ubashe kubikoresha.

Hepcidin ifatana n'iyi ferroportin. Hanyuma ferroportin irangirika. Iyo bibaye, icyuma cyashoboraga kujyanwa mu maraso na ferroportin gihita gifata ahantu hamwe na ho cyabikwaga.

Tekereza kuri ubu buryo:

* Iyo hepcidin yiyongera , biragorana ko ferroportin itwara icyuma mu maraso. Ibi bivuze ko icyuma cyinjizwa kigabanuka.

* Iyo hepcidin iri hasiFerroportin ishobora gutwara icyuma mu maraso byoroshye, bivuze ko icyuma cyinjizwa mu maraso cyiyongera.

Urabyumva? Biroroshye cyane, si byo se?

Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku rugero rwa Hepcidin mu mubiri wacu?

Ingano ya hepcidin ufite mu mubiri wawe iterwa n'ibimenyetso umubiri wawe wohereza. Kubera impamvu zitandukanye, umubiri wawe ubona ibimenyetso byo gukora hepcidin nyinshi cyangwa nkeya.

Dore bimwe muri ibyo bintu:

• Ubutare bwose mu mubiri: Iyo umubiri ufite ubutare buke, butanga ikimenyetso ku mubiri cyo gukora hepcidin nke. Iyo umubiri ufite ubutare bwinshi, butanga ikimenyetso ku mubiri cyo gukora hepcidin nyinshi.
• Ikorwa ry'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso: Iyo umubiri ukeneye hemoglobin nyinshi kugira ngo ukore uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso, urugero rwa hepcidin ruragabanuka. Iki ni cyo gihe ferroportin iba ishobora gukuramo icyuma igafasha mu gukora uturemangingo dushya.
• Ogisijeni nkeya (Hypoxia): Hypoxia ni igihe ingirabuzima fatizo zawe zitabona ogisijeni ihagije. Iyo ogisijeni iri hasi, umubiri ubwira umubiri kugabanya Hepcidin. Ibi bisohora Ferroportin, isohora icyuma kugira ngo ikore hemoglobine. Hemoglobin ni yo itwara ogisijeni mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.
• Ubwivumbure buterwa n'igikomere cyangwa ubwandu: Mu bihe nk'ibi, urugero rwa hepcidin ruriyongera. Impamvu y'ibi ni ukubuza kurekura icyuma mu mubiri. Udukoko twinshi twangiza, nka bagiteri, dukoresha icyuma kugira ngo gikure. Rero iyo wongereye hepcidin, ukagabanya icyuma, ubuza utwo dukoko kubona icyuma. Urabizi, si byo?

Ni ibihe bibazo bibaho iyo urugero rwa hepcidin rudasanzwe?

Noneho uzi akamaro ka hepcidin. Rero, iyo ibaye nyinshi cyane cyangwa nke cyane, ishobora guteza ibibazo.

Iyo hepcidin irimo nyinshi , umubiri ushobora kudashobora kwinjiza icyuma gihagije, bigatera indwara nko kubura icyuma.

Iyo hepcidin ari nke , umubiri ushobora kwinjiza icyuma kinini cyane, bigatuma icyuma cyiyongera cyane.

Indwara ziterwa n'urugero ruto rwa hepcidin

Iyo urugero rwa hepcidin ruri hasi, ibintu bikurikira bishobora kugaragara:

• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri bitewe no kubura icyuma: Ubu ni bwo bwoko bw'amaraso akabije aterwa no kugabanuka kwa hepcidin. Hari igihe urugero rwa hepcidin rudashobora kugaragara. Ibi bigaragaza ko umubiri ugerageza gutwara icyuma mu maraso ukoresheje ferroportin.
• Hemochromatosis y'uruhererekane rw'amaraso:Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo. Bitewe n'impinduka mu turemangingo, umwijima ukora hepcidin nkeya cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umubiri winjiza icyuma gikabije. Iki cyuma gikabije cyinjizwa ahanini mu mutima, umwijima na pancreas.
• Kubura amaraso mu mubiri hakoreshejwe icyuma: Ibi ni ubwoko bwa anemia. Ariko, muri iki gihe, ntabwo haba hari ibura ry'icyuma, ahubwo haba hari icyuma cyinshi. Ibibazo mu ikorwa ry'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso bituma ikorwa rya hepcidin rigabanuka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ferroportin isohora icyuma cyinshi cyane.
• Hepatite C: Iyi ni indwara y'umwijima iterwa na virusi (HCV). Iyi virusi igabanya ubushobozi bw'umubiri bwo gukora hepcidin.
• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2: Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko abantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 bagabanyije urugero rwa hepcidin, bigatuma bagira icyuma cyinshi cyane. Insulini, uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura diyabete, ishobora kuba impamvu.

Indwara zijyanye no kwiyongera k'urugero rwa hepcidin

Ingano iri hejuru ya hepcidin ifitanye isano no kubura amaraso mu mubiri atari icyuma. Ni ukuvuga kubura amaraso mu mubiri bidashoboka iyo hatabayeho kubura icyuma. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'imiterere y'uturemangingo, bigatuma habaho kwiyongera kwa hepcidin.

Urugero rwa Hepcidin narwo ruriyongera mu ndwara zitwa anemias of inflammation cyangwa anemia of chronic disease (ACD) . Muri ACD, inflammation ituma umubiri urekura poroteyine yitwa cytokine . Iyi poroteyine yongera urugero rwa hepcidin.

Zimwe mu ndwara zishobora kuba zifitanye isano na ACD zirimo:

• Indwara zidakira
• Indwara ya Crohn
• Kanseri
• Indwara y'impyiko idakira

Rero urabona ko Hepcidin ari ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane kigenzura ikoreshwa ry'icyuma mu mibiri yacu. Mu guhagarika irekurwa ry'icyuma, Hepcidin igenzura ubushobozi bw'umubiri wacu bwo gukora hemoglobine n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Muri ubu buryo, Hepcidin igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mubare w'umwuka wa ogisijeni uboneka mu mubiri wose. Hepcidin kandi ibuza umubiri kwinjiza icyuma gikabije. Kubera ko icyuma gikabije gishobora guteza ingorane zikomeye mu gihe kirekire.

Ibintu dukwiye kwibuka muri iyi nkuru (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, twavuze byinshi kuri Hepcidin uyu munsi, si byo se? Muri make:

• Hepcidin ni imisemburo ikorerwa mu mwijima.
• Uyu ni we mugenga mukuru w’ingano y’icyuma mu mubiri wacu. Ni nk’ “Umwami w’icyuma.”
• Dukeneye icyuma kugira ngo tukore hemoglobine, ari na yo itwara ogisijeni mu mubiri wose.
• Urwego rwa Hepcidin,Uburyo ubutare bushyirwamo, bubikwa kandi bugasohoka bugenzurwa binyuze muri poroteyine yitwa ferroportin.
• Iyo hepcidin ari nke , icyuma gikabije gishobora kwinjiza , bigatuma icyuma cyiyongera cyane . Ibi bishobora gutera indwara nka hemochromatosis y'uruhererekane rw'amaraso.
• Iyo hepcidin yiyongereye , icyuma gishobora kugabanuka, bigatuma habaho kubura amaraso mu mubiri bitewe no kubyimba.
• Kugira ngo umuntu akomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza, urugero rw'ubutare mu mubiri n'urugero rwa Hepcidin bigomba kuringanizwa.

Rero, niba ufite ikibazo cy’ubutare, cyangwa niba ufite ibimenyetso nk’amaraso make, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga ukagisha inama. Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ibintu nk’ibi.

Hepcidin , icyuma, kubura amaraso, imisemburo, hemoglobin, umwijima, ferroportin