Tutabizi, impyiko ni urugingo rutangaje cyane rukora amasaha 24 ku munsi mu mubiri wacu. Kimwe n'umukozi udacogora, impyiko ziyungurura imyanda mu maraso yacu zigasubiza ibintu umubiri ukeneye mu mubiri. Uyu munsi rero turimo kuvuga ku buryo buto ariko bufite akamaro cyane bufasha impyiko gukora aka kazi kanini. Iyo ni Bowman's Capsule.
Kapsule ya Bowman ni iki?
Tekereza ko impyiko zacu zimeze nk'akayunguruzo k'amazi mu rugo. Muri aka kayunguruzo, harimo utuyunguruzo tugera kuri miliyoni tugera kuri miliyoni dusukura amazi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, buri mpyiko yacu ifite utuyunguruzo tugera kuri miliyoni tugera kuri miliyoni dusukura amaraso. Mu buvuzi, buri tuyunguruzo twita nephron .
Rero, igice cya buri nephron cyitwa Bowman's Capsule . Iki ni nk'igikombe gito, umufuka. Muri iki gikombe harimo imiyoboro myinshi y'amaraso myiza cyane ifatanye. Tuyita glomerulus . Mu magambo make, inzira yo kuyungurura amaraso itangirira hano, hano, kuri iyi glomerulus na kapsule ya Bowman iyikikije. Iyo ibi bice byombi bihuye, tuyita corpuscle y'impyiko .
Hari igihe muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha andi mazina kuri ibi, ariko yose ni amwe:
- Kapsule ya Glomerular
- Kapsule ya Malpighian
- Kapsule y'umubiri w'impyiko
Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi kiva muri ibi?
Akamaro k'ingenzi k'urukiramende rwa Bowman ni ugufasha glomerulus kuyungurura amaraso. Nk'uko iyo utetse icyayi, amababi y'icyayi ahita ahagarara hejuru y'urukiramende maze amazi y'icyayi gusa akagabanuka, ikintu nk'icyo kibaho hano.
Uko amaraso anyura muri uru rusobe rw'imiyoboro mito, imyanda, amazi arenze urugero, n'utundi duce duto turi mu kayunguruzo k'amaraso tujya mu kayunguruzo ka Bowman. Ariko, poroteyine nini, nk'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, na plaquettes, ari byo by'ingenzi ku mibiri yacu, ntizishobora kunyura muri aka kayunguruzo. Ziguma mu miyoboro y'amaraso.
Ibi bifashwa n'ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo twitwa podocytes, tuba turi imbere mu ruhu rwa Bowman. Utu turemangingo dufite imiterere isa n'iy'urutoki. Utu turemangingo turahuza kugira ngo tugire urusobe rw'imyenge mito cyane. Uduce duto gusa ni two dushobora kunyura muri utwo turemangingo. Iyi ni yo mpamvu poroteyine cyangwa uturemangingo tw'amaraso bidakunze kugaragara mu nkari z'umuntu muzima.
Mu magambo make, ikanzu ya Bowman ni nk'umurinzi ku muryango. Yinjiza ibintu bito bitari ngombwa ku mubiri, ariko ikarinda ibintu binini by'ingenzi ku mubiri kwinjira.
Hanyuma, amazi yayunguruwe anyura mu miyoboro myiza mu mpyiko. Mu nzira, amazi n'intungamubiri umubiri ugikeneye muri ayo mazi bisubizwa mu maraso. Amaherezo, imyanda isigaye idakenewe iva mu mubiri wacu nk'inkari.
Ibi biherereye he? Imiterere yabyo ni iyihe?
Kapsule ya Bowman iherereye inyuma cyane y'impyiko. Tuyita cortex y'impyiko . Nkuko mubizi, impyiko zacu ziherereye ku mpande zombi z'umugongo, munsi y'urubavu, inyuma.
Nubwo bivugwa ko ifite ishusho nk'igikombe cyangwa agafuka, ntabwo dushobora kuyibona n'amaso yacu gusa. Dushobora kuyibona gusa dukoresheje mikorosikopi. Amazi ari imbere asa cyane na plasma iri mu maraso. Ariko, nta tunyangingo dutukura, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, cyangwa uduce duto tw'amaraso.
Mu miterere yayo, ifite ibice bibiri. Igice cyo hanze kigizwe n'uturemangingo twitwa simple squamous epithelium . Igice cyo imbere kigizwe n'uturemangingo twihariye twitwa podocytes, twavuze mbere.
Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo cy'impyiko
Iyo impyiko zinaniwe, zigira ingaruka no ku ruhererekane rwa Bowman. Cyane cyane iyo indwara zigize glomerulus, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuyungurura buragabanuka. Ibi bibaye, ibintu nka poroteyine umubiri ukeneye bishobora gutangira kuva mu nkari. Iyo izi ndwara zitavuwe, zishobora gutuma impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza.
Bityo rero, ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ibimenyetso bikurikira. Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi, icyiza wakora ni ukubonana na muganga wawe vuba bishoboka no gusaba inama .
| Ibimenyetso | Tekereza kuri ibi akanya gato. |
|---|---|
| Impinduka mu nkari | Ibintu nk'impinduka mu ibara ry'inkari, kwiyongera kw'ifuro, cyangwa kuva amaraso. |
| Impinduka mu nshuro zo gusohora inkari | Kunyara kenshi kurusha uko bisanzwe cyangwa gake cyane. |
| Kubyimba umubiri | Kubyimba, cyane cyane mu kaguru, mu biganza, cyangwa mu maso. Ibi bishobora guterwa no kubika amazi mu mubiri. |
| Umunaniro n'umunaniro | Umunaniro ukabije uba iyo impyiko zidakura imyanda neza. |
| Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension) | Ibibazo by'impyiko bishobora gutera umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. |
| Kubura ubushake bwo kurya no kugira isesemi | Kumva uburyohe bw'icyuma mu biryo, kwanga ibiryo no kuruka. |
Ni gute muganga asuzuma iyi ndwara?
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe kandi akagusuzuma. Byongeye kandi, bashobora gukora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo bamenye uko impyiko zawe zikora.
| Ikizamini | Mu magambo make, ibi nibyo ukora... |
|---|---|
| Gupima amaraso | Ipima ingano y'imyanda (nka creatinine) mu maraso igomba kuyungururwa no gukurwamo n'impyiko. |
| Isesengura ry'inkari | Inkari zisuzumwa kugira ngo zirebe ko nta bintu bidasanzwe, nka poroteyine n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso. |
| Gupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasound | Ibi bifasha kugenzura ingano n'imiterere y'impyiko no kumenya niba hari ibindi bibazo, nk'amabuye y'impyiko. |
| Isuzuma ry'impyiko | Hari ubwo agace gato cyane k'urugingo gakurwa mu mpyiko hakoreshejwe urushinge ruto cyane, kagasuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. |
Ibintu dushobora gukora kugira ngo impyiko zacu zikomeze kuba nziza
Gukomeza gukora neza igice cyose cy'impyiko zacu, harimo na kapsule ya Bowman, ni ingenzi ku buzima bwacu muri rusange. Hari ibintu byoroshye dushobora gukora kugira ngo twite ku mpyiko zacu. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane niba ufite indwara nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije.
| Icyo gukora | Kuki ibyo ari ingenzi? |
|---|---|
| Irinde ibikomoka ku itabi. | Kunywa itabi bishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso itanga amaraso mu mpyiko. |
| Gabanya umunyu mu biribwa. | Kurya umunyu mwinshi bishobora kongera umuvuduko w'amaraso no gushyira igitutu ku mpyiko. |
| Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi. | Imyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha mu kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso n'uburemere bw'umubiri. |
| Gabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti igabanya ububabare. | Gukoresha imiti igabanya ububabare igihe kirekire kandi irenze urugero, cyane cyane NSAID (imiti igabanya ububabare idakoresha steroid) (urugero: Ibuprofen, Diclofenac), byangiza impyiko. Bikoreshe gusa ku nama za muganga . |
| Komeza kugira ibiro bizima. | Umubyibuho ukabije wongera ibyago byo kurwara diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, byombi bikaba byangiza impyiko. |
| Genzura umuvuduko w'amaraso n'urugero rw'isukari mu maraso | Niba urwaye diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kubigenzura neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo urinde impyiko zawe. |
Ntabwo dutekereza cyane kuri ubu buryo impyiko zacu zikora bucece. Ariko ni uko iyo hari ikintu kitagenda neza muri zo ari bwo dutangira kugira ibimenyetso. Rero, menya neza umubiri wawe. Niba ufite gushidikanya, ntutinde kujya kwa muganga.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kapsule ya Bowman ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane mu buryo bwo kuyungurura amaraso mu mpyiko zawe.
- Inshingano yayo nyamukuru ni ukuyungurura imyanda iva mu maraso ariko ikagumisha mu maraso ibintu umubiri ukeneye, nka poroteyine n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso.
- Ibintu nko kubyimba mu mubiri, impinduka mu nkari, n'umunaniro ukabije bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'indwara z'impyiko.
- Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ntukirengagize. Shaka muganga wawe vuba bishoboka.
- Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda impyiko zawe ni ugukurikiza ubuzima bwiza (indyo nziza, imyitozo ngororamubiri, umuvuduko w'amaraso no kugenzura isukari).
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