Uburyo bushya bwo gusuzuma kanseri: Byose ku bijyanye na biopsy y'amazi!

Ese wigeze wumva ijambo " biopsy y'amazi"? Ahari muganga wawe yarabikubwiye, cyangwa wasomye ahandi hantu. Ubu ni uburyo bushya kandi bw'ingenzi bwo gupima kanseri. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye kandi busobanutse uyu munsi. Nta kintu cyo gutinya, ni nk'aho inshuti yawe igusobanurira ikintu.

Iyi biopsy y'amazi ni iki? Biroroshye cyane!

Mu magambo make, biopsy y'amazi ni ikizamini gifata amaraso make . Ibi bishobora kugaragaza niba hari ibibyimba bya kanseri. Tekereza ko uko ikibyimba cya kanseri gikura, uduce duto twacyo dushobora gucika tukinjira mu maraso yawe. Ibyo bice ni byo iyi biopsy y'amazi ibona.

Iki kizamini kireba ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi:

• Uturemangingo tw’ibibyimba bizenguruka (CTCs): Utu ni uturemangingo twa kanseri twimuka tukava kuri iki kibyimba tukanyura mu maraso yawe, nk'abatasi bato.
• ADN y'ikibyimba gikwirakwira mu maraso (ctDNA): Ibi ni ibice bya ADN biva mu tunyangingo twa kanseri bikinjira mu maraso. Nkuko mubizi, ADN ni nk'igitabo kirimo amategeko agenga imyitwarire y'utunyangingo twacu. Bityo, ibi bice bya ctDNA bishobora kutubwira byinshi kuri kanseri.

Kuba hari izi `(CTC)` cyangwa `(ctDNA)` mu maraso yawe ni ikimenyetso cy'uko hari ikibyimba cya kanseri ahantu runaka mu mubiri wawe. Nanone, kubera ko ibi bice bitanga `(amakuru yerekeye imiterere y'umubiri )` kuri kanseri, bizafasha cyane muganga wawe mu guhitamo uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma kanseri hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Liquid Biopsy ni bushya cyane. Bufite ubushobozi bwo kugira icyo buhindura mu rwego rwo kuvura kanseri. Hari uburyo butandukanye bwemewe n'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika (FDA). Ubushakashatsi kuri ibi buracyakomeje.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya biopsy y'amazi n'isuzuma risanzwe tuzi?

Ushobora kuba warumvise ibyerekeye uburyo bwo gupima kanseri buri gihe. Muri yo, umuganga afata agace gato k'urugingo rw'umubiri kavuye mu kibyimba cya kanseri akagapima muri laboratwari kugira ngo arebe niba karimo uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Ariko, mu gupima amaraso mu buryo bw'amazi, igice cy'ikibyimba ntigifatwa mu buryo butaziguye . Ahubwo, gikoreshwa mu gushaka ibimenyetso bya kanseri, ari byo "CTCs" cyangwa ADN ya kanseri "ctDNA" twavuze mbere, mu maraso.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma kanseri buri gihe bufatwa nk'uburyo bwiza bwo kumenya niba kanseri ihari. Nanone byitwa "igipimo cya zahabu".

Mu gusuzuma kanseri y'amazi, nubwo waba ufite kanseri, nta gihamya 100% ko uzabasha kuyimenya mu maraso amwe. Ariko, iyo kanseri igaragaye mu gusuzuma kanseri y'amazi, amakuru itanga ku turemangingo twa kanseri ni ingirakamaro cyane, kandi ashobora gufasha cyane abaganga mu gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura.

Ni mu bihe ibihe hakorwa biopsy y'amazi?

Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora biopsy y'amazi mu bihe bikurikira:

• Niba ufite kanseri yanduriye mu bice bimwe by'umubiri wawe kandi uburyo uvura ubu ntibukora neza nk'uko byari byitezwe. Kanseri yanduriye mu bice bimwe ni kanseri ikomeye cyane yanduriye mu mubiri wawe wose. Iyo ikwirakwira gutya, birashoboka cyane ko ibice bya kanseri bizacika bikinjira mu maraso yawe.

Muganga ashobora gutegeka ko hakorwa biopsy y'amazi kugira ngo amenye ibintu nk'ibi:

• Menya imiterere y’indwara: Gupima kanseri hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa liquid biopsies bishobora kugaragaza uturemangingo twa kanseri (CTCs) ku bwoko bwinshi bwa kanseri . Umubare muto w’uturemangingo twa kanseri mu maraso bigaragaza imiterere myiza. Umubare munini w’uturemangingo twa kanseri ugaragaza imiterere mibi kurushaho. Rero, muganga wawe ashobora gukora iki kizamini buri gihe kugira ngo akurikirane uburwayi bwawe kandi ahindure uburyo bwo kuvura nibiba ngombwa.
• Fata ibyemezo byo kuvura: Hari uburyo bwo kuvura bwibasira uturemangingo twa kanseri (ubuvuzi bugamije kuvura). Ibi bivuze ko iyo uturemangingo twa kanseri dufite ikosa runaka (mutation) muri ADN yatwo, dushobora guhabwa umuti wihariye wagenewe kurwanya iryo kosa. Isuzuma ry’amazi rishobora kubona ayo makosa. Hanyuma muganga wawe ashobora kuguha uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura iryo kosa.

Nanone, ushobora gupimwa amazi nubwo byaba bidashoboka ko upima kanseri. Ibi biterwa nuko gupimwa bisanzwe ari uburyo bwo kwibasira kurusha gupimwa amazi. Ushobora kuba udafite ubuzima bwiza buhagije bwo gupimwa. Cyangwa, bitewe n'aho ikibyimba kiri , bishobora kugorana gukuramo igice cyacyo utagize icyo wangiza ku ngingo z'ingenzi ziri hafi aho.

Ni ibihe bipimo by'amazi bya biopsy byemewe na FDA?

Ibizamini byemejwe n'Ikigo gishinzwe Ibiribwa n'Imiti muri Amerika (FDA) ni ibyakorewe ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kandi byagaragaye ko ari byiza kandi bitekanye. Ibizamini byinshi byo gusuzuma ibinyabutabire biracyari mu cyiciro cy'ubushakashatsi. Hari ibizamini bine by'ingenzi byemewe na FDA ubu:

1. Ikizamini cya Cell Search® Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC): Iki kizamini cya CTC. Amabere, prostateIbi bikoreshwa mu kumenya uko abantu barwaye kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mara cyangwa mu nda igaragara. Niba hari CTC nke mu maraso, icyo ni ikimenyetso cyiza. Niba hari CTC nyinshi, ibyo ni bibi gato.

2. Ikizamini cya cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2: Iki kizamini gipima ctDNA. Kigaragaza impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo yitwa EGFR, ikunze kugaragara cyane muri kanseri y'ibihaha itari iy'uturemangingo duto (NSCLC). Aya makuru ashobora gufasha muganga wawe guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura iyo mpinduka.

3. Guardant360® CDx: Ibi kandi bireba ctDNA. Bikoreshwa mu gupima inenge zisanzwe mu turemangingo twa kanseri. Ibi bifasha umuganga guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

4. FoundationOne® Liquid CDx: Ibi kandi bireba ctDNA. Ibi bifasha mu kumenya inenge za genetiki (mutations) mu bwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri. Ibi bifasha umuganga guhitamo uburyo bwo kuvura bukwiye kurusha ubundi.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma amaraso hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "liquid biopsy" bukorwa? Ese birababaza?

Gupima amaraso hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye cyane . Nk'uko wakwipimisha amaraso buri gihe. Muganga cyangwa umuforomo azafata amaraso yo mu kuboko kwawe ayohereze muri laboratwari kugira ngo apimwe.

Muri laboratwari, imashini itandukanya amaraso yawe mo ibice by’uturemangingo (igice gikomeye) n’umusemburo (igice cy’amazi). Hanyuma, inzobere mu ndwara, inzobere mu gusesengura amazi n’ingero z’uturemangingo, ireba ibimenyetso by’indwara mu gice cy’umusemburo, cyitwa CTCs cyangwa ctDNA.

Ese ibi birababaza? Oya, gusuzuma amaraso mu buryo bw'amazi bisa no gutanga amaraso. Iyo urushinge rushyizwe mu kuboko kwawe, ushobora kumva urimo gushyuha gato, nk'aho uri kurumwa n'ikimonyo. Ariko ubwo bubabare bushira vuba.

Imwe mu nyungu zo gukora biopsy y'amazi ni uko idatera ikibazo kandi ibabaza cyane kurusha gukora biopsy isanzwe.

Ibisubizo by'iki kizamini bivuga iki?

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bikwereka niba amaraso yawe arimo `(CTCs)` cyangwa `(ctDNA)` (`positive`) cyangwa atari yo (`negative`) .

• Niba igisubizo ari ``positive`` , bivuze ko ibintu byavuzwe biri mu maraso. Hanyuma, ibi bizamini bishobora no kugufasha kumenya ubwoko bwa kanseri ufite. By'umwihariko, ibizamini bishakisha ``(ctDNA)`` bishobora no kugaragaza inenge zisanzwe ziterwa n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ibisubizo biboneke? Uburyo bwo gusuzuma amazi mu mubiri bumeze neza gute?

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini akenshi bigomba kuboneka mu byumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu .

Noneho reka turebe ukuri kw'ibi. Ibipimo bya biopsy by'amazi byemejwe na FDA, ni iki byagenewe, kandi bikora neza uwo murimo.

• Muganga ashobora kubona igitekerezo cy'uko indwara yawe ihagaze mu gihe kizaza no gukurikirana uko indwara yawe ihagaze binyuze mu bipimo bya `(CTC)`.
• Kubera ko ibizamini bya ``(ctDNA)`` bishobora kugaragaza inenge za ADN z'uturemangingo twa kanseri, bifasha mu gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura.

Ariko, biopsy y'amazi ntabwo ikwiye kwiringirwa buri gihe kugira ngo imenye kanseri neza 100% . Biopsy isanzwe irakenewe kugira ngo hemezwe ko kanseri ihari.

Ibipimo bya biopsy y'amazi muri iki gihe ni igice cy'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere. Ubushobozi bwo gupima no kugenzura kanseri hakoreshejwe ikizamini cyoroheje cy'amaraso ni ikintu gikomeye. Ubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa kugira ngo hategurwe ibizamini bya biopsy y'amazi bishobora gupima kanseri mbere yuko itangira. Ariko, hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo humve ubushobozi bwose bwa biopsy y'amazi. Ubu, birimo gufasha mu gusuzuma ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri no gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura mu bihe runaka. Mu gihe kizaza, bashobora kuzagira inyungu nyinshi kurushaho.

Amaherezo, ibintu tugomba kwibuka

Sawa, twavuze byinshi ku bijyanye na biopsy y'amazi. Dore ibintu bike ugomba kuzirikana:

• Uburyo bushya bwo gusuzuma kanseri mu maraso ni uburyo bushya bwo gusuzuma ibimenyetso bya kanseri .
• Ibi bishobora kuvumbura `(CTCs)` (uturemangingo twa kanseri) na `(ctDNA)` (ADN ya kanseri).
• Nta bubabare bukomeye cyangwa ububabare bukabije bubaho nko kubagwa mu buryo busanzwe.
• Ibi bifasha kumenya uko kanseri ihagaze mu gihe kizaza no gufata icyemezo cy'uburyo bwo kuyivura .
• Hari ibizamini bimwe byemewe na FDA byamaze kubaho.
• Ariko, kugira ngo byemezwe neza ko kanseri yanduye, hashobora kuba ngombwa ko hakorwa isuzuma rya biopsy risanzwe .
• Iri ni ikoranabuhanga rikiri gutera imbere kandi rishobora kuzagira akamaro kanini mu gihe kizaza.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko, niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge kuri ibi, vugana na muganga wawe. Ashobora kugusobanurira byose mu buryo bukunogeye.

Ndizera ko aya makuru azagufasha! Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

` Kupima indwara z'amazi, Kanseri, Gupima kanseri, ctDNA, CTC, Gupima amaraso, Kuvura kanseri