Ese nawe ubona itandukaniro rito mu kumva kwawe? Reka tuvuge ku bijyanye no gupima amajwi!

Ese hari igihe wumva udashobora kumva umuntu avuga, cyangwa ko ugomba kongera ijwi kuri televiziyo? Cyangwa wabonye ko umwana wawe adakira neza amajwi? Mu bihe nk'ibi, ikizamini cyo kumva, cyangwa ikizamini cya `(Audiometry)`, ni ikizamini gikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uburyo amatwi yacu ameze neza. Nta kintu cyo guhangayikishwa nacyo, biroroshye cyane. Ese tubiganireho birambuye?

Ikizamini cya audimetri ni iki?

Muri make, iki kizamini ni cyo abaganga b'amatwi bakora kugira ngo bamenye niba ufite ikibazo cyo kutumva. Rimwe na rimwe cyitwa isuzuma ryuzuye ry'amatwi.

Tekereza, mu gihugu nka Amerika, abantu benshi bahabwa ikizamini cy’ibanze cyo kumva cyangwa ikizamini cyuzuye cyo kumva nk’iki nibura rimwe mu buzima bwabo.

• Ku bana bavutse: Ikizamini cy'ibanze gikorwa igihe bavutse kugira ngo bamenye neza ko bumva neza.
• Ku bana bato: Ibi bizamini by'ibanze bishobora gukorerwa ku ivuriro cyangwa ku ishuri ryabo. Niba basa n'abafite ikibazo cyo kutumva, ikizamini cyuzuye gishobora gukorwa.
• Ku bantu bakuru: Akenshi, abantu bakuru bakora ibi bizamini kubera ko badashobora kumva ibyo abandi bavuga neza, cyangwa kubera ko bagomba kongera ijwi kuri televiziyo, mudasobwa igendanwa, cyangwa telefoni cyane.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibizamini byo kumva. Igikuru ni uko ibi bizamini bidasaba imyiteguro idasanzwe kandi ntibibabaza.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibizamini byo kumva biriho?

Niba ufite isuzuma ry’amatwi, rizasuzuma niba kumva kwawe ari ibisanzwe. Niba ibisubizo by’iryo suzuma rya mbere bigaragaza ko hari ikibazo, ushobora koherezwa gupimwa burundu amatwi.

Ibi bizamini bya ``Audiometry`` bigaragaza ubwoko bw'indwara yo kutumva ufite, kandi niba ari nto, iri hagati, cyangwa ikomeye. Dore bumwe mu bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibizamini:

• Gupima ijwi ryuzuye: Iki ni cyo kizamini gikunze kugaragara cyane. Gikubiyemo kureba niba wumva ijwi kuri buri ijwi, uko waba urivuze buhoro. Ibi bikorwa ku bana bato ndetse n'abantu bakuru.
• Gupima uburyo amagufwa anyuramo: Ibi bipima niba hari ikibazo ku tunyangingo duto tw'ubwoya mu gice cy'imbere cy'ugutwi kwawe cyitwa cochlea. Urabizi, cochlea ni igice cy'ugutwi kwawe gitanga imitingito mu mitsi yawe yo kumva hanyuma kikagera no mu gice cy'ubwonko bwawe gikorana n'amatwi.
• Ikizamini cyo kuvuga: Iki kizamini gishobora gukorwa n'abantu bakuru ndetse n'abana bamwe na bamwe. Muri iki kizamini, ugomba kumva amagambo amwe hanyuma ukayasubiramo. Iki kizamini kigenzura uburyo wumva neza ibivugwa n'uko ushobora gutandukanya no kumenya amagambo.
• Uburyo bwo Gusubiza Ubwonko mu Matwi (ABR): Iki kizamini gipima imikorere y'inzira z'imbere mu gutwi zijya mu bwonko. Gikunze gukoreshwa ku bana bato, abafite ingorane mu gukora ikizamini cyavuzwe haruguru cy'amajwi meza, ndetse n'abatakaje ubushobozi bwo kutumva kubera imvune mu bwonko.
• Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (Otoacoustique Emissions): Iki kizamini gikoreshwa mu kugenzura imikorere y'ugutwi imbere. Gipima amajwi yoroheje aturuka mu gutwi imbere, yitwa OAEs. Akenshi gikorerwa ku mpinja n'abana bato.
• Tympanometry: Iyi suzuma uburyo umugongo w'amatwi yawe ugenda neza. Ishobora kandi kumenya umugongo w'amatwi wacitse, amazi yiyongera mu gutwi ko hagati, cyangwa ishashi yiyongera.

Ibi bizamini bikorwa bite? Biroroshye cyane!

Nubwo ibisobanuro bitandukanye, ibizamini byinshi bikubiyemo kugushyira mu cyumba gitunganyirijwemo amajwi, gushyira ecouteur cyangwa ecouteur, no kumva amajwi, amajwi n'amagambo anyuramo. Ntabwo ukeneye gutegura ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mbere y'igihe.

Uburyo bwo gukora isuzuma ry'amajwi meza

Iki ni cyo kizamini gikunze kugaragara cyane. Dore uko bigenda:

• Uzashyirwa mu cyumba cyihariye kidakoresha amajwi.
• Uzahabwa ecouteur cyangwa ecouteur ntoya uzashyira mu matwi yawe.
• Umuganga w’amajwi akoresha imashini yitwa audiometer, itanga amajwi ku bunini butandukanye (pitch) n’urwego rw’urusaku.
• Ugomba kuzamura ukuboko kwawe, gukanda buto, cyangwa kuvuga 'yego' iyo wumvise ijwi.
• Umuganga w’amatwi azandika ibisubizo byawe ku mbonerahamwe yitwa "audiogram." Ibi bizagaragaza imiterere y’ikibazo cyawe cyo kutumva, ni ukuvuga urwego rw’ubumuga ufite.

Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini cyo kuyobora amagufwa

Iki kizamini cyohereza amajwi mu gutwi kwawe imbere:

• Umuganga w’amatwi ashyira igikoresho gito inyuma y’ugutwi kwawe cyangwa ku gahanga kawe.
• Igikoresho gitanga ijwi. Ijwi rituma umutwe wawe unyeganyega.
• Uku kunyeganyega kugera mu gutwi kwawe imbere, binyura mu matwi yawe yo hanze n'ayo hagati.
• Umuganga w’amatwi agereranya ibyavuye muri iki kizamini n’ibyavuye mu kizamini cya ``Pure-tone'' kugira ngo amenye ubwoko bw'igihombo cyo kutumva ufite.

Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini cyo kuvuga

Umuganga w’amatwi ashobora kandi gukora iki kizamini cyo kuvuga hamwe n’ikizamini cya ``Pure-tone``:

• Kimwe n'ikizamini cya "Pure-tone", ugomba gushyiraho ecouteur cyangwa ecouteur.
• Umuganga w’amatwi avuga amagambo buhoro buhoro kandi mu ijwi riranguruye.
• Ugomba kongera kuvuga ayo magambo.
• Andika amagambo uvuga bucece uko bishoboka kose. Hari n'igihe agerageza kumenya amagambo yawe akoresheje amagambo menshi.

Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini cya Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)

Bitandukanye n'ikizamini cya ``Pure-tone``, ntabwo ari ngombwa ko usubiza amajwi. Ariko ni ingenzi cyane kuguma uhagaze :

• Uzashyirwaho utwuma two mu matwi. Umuganga w’amatwi azashyiraho utwuma duto twitwa "electrodes" ku mutwe wawe. Tuba dufatanye n’uruhu kandi dufatanye na "computer".
• Izi electrode zifata uburyo ubwonko bwawe bwitabira iyo ucuranga amajwi amwe n'amwe ukoresheje ecouteur, ni ukuvuga ibikorwa by'ubwonko.
• Iyi miterere y'imiraba y'ubwonko igaragara kuri ecran ya mudasobwa. Umuganga w'amatwi atanga raporo y'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi areba kuri izo nyandiko za mudasobwa.

Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini cyo gupima imyuka y'amatwi (OAE)

Ibi bipima ibyo bita `(Otoacoustic Emissions - OAEs)`. Muri make, izi ni zo mvuto zo mu matwi yawe y'imbere zikora iyo yitabiriye amajwi yo hanze. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kutumva, amatwi yawe y'imbere ntabwo asohora izi `(OAEs)`:

• Umuganga w’amatwi azashyira icyuma gito gisa n’amajwi yo mu matwi, cyitwa probe, mu gutwi kwawe.
• Imashini yohereza ijwi mu gutwi igapima ijwi rigaruka.
• Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byawe byerekanwa kuri moniteur.

Uburyo bwo gukora Tympanometry

Udusimba tw'amatwi yawe ni agace gato gatandukanya ugutwi kw'inyuma n'ugutwi ko hagati. Iyo ijwi riturutse hanze rigeze ku dusimba tw'amatwi, rirahinda. Utwo dusimba tunyura mu gutwi ko hagati tujya mu gutwi ko imbere maze twohereza ibimenyetso mu bwonko. Ubwonko busobanura ibyo bimenyetso nk'amajwi. Tympanometry ipima uburyo utwo dusimba tw'amatwi twitabira iyo umwuka muto ushyizwe ku gutwi:

• Umuganga w’amatwi azashyira agakoresho gato mu gutwi kwawe. Gashobora kumera nk'akantu ko mu matwi.
• Agakoresho gato gafatanye na kohereza umwuka mu gutwi.
• Icyo gikoresho gifite imbonerahamwe yitwa "tympanogram." Niyo yandika uko ingoma y'amatwi igenda. Ni muri urwo rwego umuhanga mu by'amatwi ashobora kumenya uko ingoma y'amatwi ikora.

Ni ryari nzamenya ibisubizo by'ibizamini?

Akenshi, umuganga w’amatwi ahita akubwira ibisubizo by’ibizamini. Ntugahangayike, bazagusobanurira byose.

Ibisubizo byawe byerekanwa ku mbonerahamwe yitwa "audiogram." Igereranya kumva kwawe n'ibipimo bisanzwe kandi ikagaragaza uburyo ugutwi kwawe kwitwara ku bunini butandukanye bw'amajwi (kuva hejuru kugeza hasi) n'urwego rw'amajwi (rutuje cyane kugeza hejuru cyane).

Bite se niba mfite ikibazo cyo kutumva?

Niba ibizamini byemeza ko ufite ikibazo cyo kutumva, ntugatinye. Umuganga w'amatwi azagusobanurira kandi akugire inama y'icyo wakora nyuma yaho. Urugero:

• Niba ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyo kumva cyangwa tympanometry bigaragaza ko ufite ishashi cyangwa amazi mu gutwi kwawe ko hagati, umuganga w'amatwi ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w'amaso (ENT) kugira ngo akuremo ishashi cyangwa amazi.
• Bitabaye ibyo, niba ikizamini cyawe cya "Pure-tone" kigaragaza ko ufite ikibazo cyo kutumva, umuganga w'amatwi azakubwira ibi bikurikira:
• Ese ufite ikibazo cyo kutumva cyoroheje, kiri hagati, cyangwa gikomeye ?
• Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibikoresho byo kumva ufite bigufasha kumva neza? Urugero, ushobora kuvuga ku bwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo kumva. Cyangwa ushobora kuvuga ku bikoresho byo kumva nka cochlear implants.
• Ikubwira kandi ubwoko bw'uburambe uzagira mugihe ukoresha ibyo bikoresho.
• Iyo uhisemo ibikoresho byo kumva, umuganga w’amatwi azabiguhitiramo kandi abigukorere. Ibi bizagusaba gahunda yihariye.
• Niba umuhanga mu by'amatwi agusabye gutekereza ku bikoresho bya cochlear, azakohereza kugira ngo bipimwe kandi bisuzumwe.

Ni kangahe nkwiye gupimwa amatwi?

Ibi biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi.

• Niba ukorera ahantu harangwa urusaku rwinshi , nko mu nganda z'ubwubatsi cyangwa uruganda, ni byiza ko usuzuma amatwi yawe byibuze rimwe mu mwaka, kuko amahirwe yo kwangirika k'amatwi ari menshi muri bene aho hantu.
• Bitabaye ibyo, ushobora kudakenera ikizamini cyuzuye cyo kumva kugeza ugeze mu myaka 50 cyangwa 60, igihe abantu benshi batangira kugira ikibazo cyo kutumva giterwa n'izabukuru.

Igikuru ni uko niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa ibibazo ku bijyanye no kumva kwawe, ntugatinde ubaze muganga w’umuryango wawe, akakohereza kwa muganga w’amatwi.

Ese hari uburyo bwo gupima kumva kwanjye mu rugo?

Yego, ubu hari ibizamini byo kumva mu rugo biboneka kuri interineti no muri porogaramu. Ibi bishobora kuguha ishusho nto y'uko waba ufite ibibazo byo kumva.

Ariko ibuka ko gukora ikizamini nk'icyo mu rugo bitazakwereka neza ikibazo cyangwa icyo kigomba gukorwaho. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo ubone isuzuma nyaryo n'inama zikenewe, ugomba gusuzumwa byuzuye n'inzobere mu by'amatwi.

Ibizamini bya audimetri ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kumenya niba ufite ikibazo cyo kutumva. Iyo ubikoze, ntuzaba uri wenyine. Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva gitandukanye. Akenshi, iki kibazo cyo kutumva kirushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ushobora kutabibona ako kanya, ariko bishobora kugaragara iyo utumvise neza ibyo abandi bavuga cyangwa iyo televiziyo irimo urusaku rwinshi.

None se, ni iki twagombye gukura muri iyi nkuru? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka twibuke ingingo z'ingenzi cyane mu byo twavuzeho:

• Ikizamini cyo kumva ntabwo ari ikintu cyo gutinya, kandi ntabwo kibabaza.
• Niba utumva ibivugwa, niba uhora ugomba kongera ijwi rya televiziyo, cyangwa niba umwana wawe asa n'aho adakira neza amajwi, ni ngombwa ko ukorerwa ikizamini cyo kumva.
• Umuganga w’amatwi azagukorera ibi bizamini kandi aguhe inama zikenewe.
• Niba usanzwe ufite ikibazo cyo kutumva, hari ibisubizo n'ubufasha biboneka. Utwuma tw'amatwi n'udupira two mu bwoko bwa cochlear ni bimwe muri byo.
• Iyo ikibazo kimenyekanye hakiri kare, biroroha kugikemura kandi bishobora koroshya ubuzima.

Kubwibyo, niba ufite gushidikanya na gato ku bijyanye no kumva kwawe, ntugire isoni cyangwa ngo utinye, gana muganga kandi nibiba ngombwa, shaka inama z'inzobere mu by'amatwi. Ubuzima bwawe bwo kumva buri mu maboko yawe!

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