Reka tumenye byinshi ku bijyanye no gupima kanseri. Ntutinye, reka tuganire!

Ese wigeze utekereza ko hari uburyo bwo kumenya indwara ikomeye nka kanseri mbere yuko igaragara mu mibiri yacu, ni ukuvuga mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara? Ibyo ni byo twita gusuzuma kanseri . Mu magambo make, ni nko gufata umujura mbere yuko yinjira mu nzu yawe. Iyo uyibonye hakiri kare, biroroha kuyivura, kandi rimwe na rimwe ushobora kuyikiza burundu cyangwa kuyikumira.

None se, iki gikorwa cyo gupima kanseri kizakorwa ryari? Ni bande?

Ibi akenshi biterwa n'imyaka yawe ndetse niba ufite ibintu byihariye bishobora gutuma urwara kanseri. Abantu benshi batangira gutekereza kwisuzumisha kanseri nyuma y'imyaka 40. Ariko, niba ufite amateka yo kurwara kanseri mu muryango wawe cyangwa ibindi bintu bishobora gutera kanseri, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kwisuzumisha hakiri kare.

Mu bihugu nka Amerika, hari komite z'inzobere nka "US Preventive Services Task Force" zitegura amabwiriza y'ibi bizamini bya kanseri. Ziga witonze uburyo ibi bizamini bifite akamaro kandi bitekanye, kandi niba koko bikiza ubuzima bw'abantu. Zisaba ikizamini gusa iyo bigaragaye ko ibyiza byo gupimwa biruta ingaruka zishobora kubaho .

Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi by'ibi bizamini?

Tekereza, inyungu ikomeye y'ibi bipimo ni uko iyo hari kanseri, ishobora kumenyekana hakiri kare cyane . Hanyuma, ubuvuzi bushobora gutangira mbere yuko kanseri ikura ikagera no mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Ibi byongera cyane ubushobozi bwo gukiza kanseri, kandi bishobora no kongera igihe cyo kubaho. Hari igihe, ibi bipimo bishobora no kugaragaza impinduka zibanziriza kanseri zishobora kuvamo kanseri. Hanyuma, hari amahirwe yo gukumira kanseri mbere yuko ikura.

Ku rundi ruhande, nubwo bidakunze kubaho cyane, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe. Urugero, ibisubizo by'ikizamini bishobora kuba atari byo (`ibisubizo by'ikizamini bitari byo`). Ni ukuvuga ko hari amahirwe make ko umuntu udafite iyi ndwara ashobora kugaragara ko afite iyi ndwara (`byagaragaye ko ari ukuri`), kandi ko umuntu uyifite ashobora kugaragara ko adafite iyi ndwara (`byagaragaye ko ari ukuri`). Nanone, hari amahirwe yo kuba hari ikintu cyitwa ``gusuzuma indwara birenze urugero``. Ni ukuvuga ko ushobora gusanganwa kanseri ikura buhoro buhoro utazayigira mu gihe kizaza, kandi ushobora kuyivurwa bitari ngombwa. Ariko ibi bintu bibaho gake cyane. Abaganga bazirikana ibi bintu byose iyo bahisemo ibizamini bikubereye.

Ibuka: Intego nyamukuru yo gusuzuma kanseri ni ugufata kanseri hakiri kare. Ibi bishobora gufasha cyane mu kurokora ubuzima.

Ni ibihe bipimo bya kanseri bikunze gusabwa muri rusange?

Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwo gupima kanseri busabwa abantu bafite ibyago bisanzwe, bivuze ko badafite amateka yihariye y'umuryango:

• Ibizamini bya kanseri y'ibere
• Ibizamini bya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura
• Ibizamini bya kanseri y'amara (kanseri y'amara)

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko inyungu zo gupima ubwo bwoko bwa kanseri ziruta kure ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Mu by'ukuri zirokora ubuzima.

1. Gusuzuma kanseri y'ibere

Abagore bafite ibyago byo kwandura kanseri y'ibere basanzwe bagomba gutangira gupimwa kanseri y'ibere nyuma y'imyaka 40. Amabwiriza ariho ubu asaba abagore kujya gupimwa mammogram buri myaka ibiri . Mammogram ni X-ray y'amabere. Ishobora kubona utubyimba duto cyangwa izindi mpinduka mu ibere mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Ibi byafashije kugabanya impfu z'abapfa na kanseri y'ibere.

Niba ubona ko ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere (urugero, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wayirwaye akiri muto), muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kwisuzumisha kenshi cyangwa ko wakorerwa ibindi bipimo, nka MRI y'ibere, hiyongereyeho na mammogram.

2. Gusuzuma kanseri y'inkondo y'umura

Gusuzuma kanseri y'inkondo y'umura bikunze gutangira umuntu afite imyaka 21. Ibi bizamini ntibigaragaza kanseri y'inkondo y'umura hakiri kare gusa, ahubwo binagaragaza impinduka mu turemangingo zishobora gutera kanseri, yitwa dysplasia y'inkondo y'umura . Bishobora kandi kugaragaza ubwandu bwa virusi ya papillomavirusi y'umuntu (HPV), intandaro nyamukuru ya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura.

Ubwoko bubiri bw'ibipimo bikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri kanseri y'inkondo y'umura:

• Gupima kanseri y'inkondo y'umura: Ibi bikubiyemo gusuzuma icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo two mu mura hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari uturemangingo twa kanseri cyangwa uturemangingo twa mbere y'uko turwara kanseri.
• Ikizamini cya HPV: Iki kizasuzuma ubwoko bw'udukoko twa papillomavirusi (HPV) dushobora gutera kanseri y'inkondo y'umura.

Amabwiriza asabwa ubu ni aya akurikira:

• Imyaka 21-29: Gupima Pap smear rimwe buri myaka itatu.
• Imyaka 30-65: Gupimisha hamwe na Pap smear na HPV buri myaka itanu, cyangwa Pap smear gusa buri myaka itatu, cyangwa HPV gusa buri myaka itanu.

Muganga wawe azakubwira uburyo bukubereye.

3. Gusuzuma kanseri y'inkondo y'umura

Ni ngombwa ko abantu bafite ibyago bisanzwe batangira kwisuzumisha kanseri y'amara nyuma y'imyaka 45. Iyi kanseri nayo ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera urupfu. Ariko iyo igaragaye hakiri kare, irashobora gukira. Ibi bizamini bishobora kuvumbura no gukuraho udukoko duto (polyps) dushobora kuvamo kanseri, kandi bishobora no gukoreshwa mu gukuraho udukoko tutari kanseri. Mu yandi magambo, ibi bizamini bishobora no gukumira kanseri y'amara!

Akenshi kuri ibiBisabwa gukora "Colonoscopy" buri myaka 10. "Colonoscopy" ni isuzuma ryuzuye ry'amara manini hakoreshejwe umuyoboro ufite kamera.

Hari ubundi buryo:

• Gupima amaraso y’umwanda (urugero: FIT, gFOBT cyangwa ADN y’umwanda) - Ibi bikunze gukorwa buri mwaka umwe kugeza kuri itatu, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’ikizamini.
• Gupima intanga mu maraso (virtual colonoscopy) - buri myaka itanu.
• Sigmoidoscopy ihindagurika - buri myaka itanu.
• Gupima sigmoidoscopy buri myaka 10 no gupima FIT buri mwaka.

Ni ibihe bipimo bindi bya kanseri birimo kuganirwaho?

Hari ubundi bwoko bwinshi bw'ibizamini bya kanseri ushobora kuganira na muganga wawe. Ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bishobora gufasha abantu bamwe, ariko bishobora kuba bitari byiza kuri buri wese. Cyangwa, hashobora kuba hataraboneka ibimenyetso bihagije bigaragaza ko inyungu z'ibyo bizamini ziruta ingaruka mbi.

• Gupima kanseri y'ibihaha: Ubu ni uburyo bwo gufata amashusho, nk'uko bigaragazwa na scan. Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama niba ufite hagati y'imyaka 50 na 80 kandi ufite amateka yo kunywa itabi (uri kunywa itabi ubu cyangwa uherutse kurireka vuba aha).
• Gupima kanseri yo mu kanwa: Umuganga w'amenyo azasuzuma mu kanwa kawe niba nta bimenyetso bya kanseri. Nubwo nta mabwiriza yihariye atangwa kuri ibi, umuganga w'amenyo ashobora kubikora iyo ugiye kwisuzumisha amenyo.
• Gupima kanseri ya prostate: Abagabo bapimwa amaraso yitwa PSA kugira ngo barebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri ya prostate. Muganga wawe azakubwira ibi niba ufite hagati y'imyaka 55 na 69.
• Gupima kanseri y'uruhu: Umuganga w'uruhu asuzuma uruhu rwawe kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Nubwo nta bimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ko ibi bipimo bigabanya impfu za kanseri y'uruhu, abantu benshi bakorerwa isuzuma ry'uruhu rwuzuye buri mwaka.

Ibi bipimo bya kanseri bikorwa bite?

Mbere yo kujya kwipimisha, umuganga wawe cyangwa umuganga wawe azakubwira uko bizagenda mu gihe cyo kwipimisha, uko ukwiye kwitegura, n'ibyo ibisubizo by'ibizamini bishobora kukubwira n'ibyo bidashobora kukubwira ku buzima bwawe.

Gupima kanseri bishobora kuba birimo ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibizamini:

• Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Muganga azasuzuma umubiri wawe niba nta mpinduka zidasanzwe, urugero nk'ibibyimba bidasanzwe. Azakubaza ibibazo bijyanye n'imyitwarire yawe mu buzima n'amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
• Ibizamini byo gupima: Ibi bifotora imbere mu mubiri. Mammogram na colonoscopy ni ibipimo byo gupima bikoreshwa mu gupima kanseri.
• Ibizamini bya laboratwari: Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo ibizamini by'amaraso n'ibipimo by'imitsi kugira ngo harebwe kanseri. Isuzuma rya Pap ni ikizamini cya laboratwari gifata icyitegererezo cy'imitsi maze kigasuzuma ibimenyetso bya kanseri.
• Ibizamini bya Genetike: Ibi bizamini bigenzura ADN yawe kugira ngo harebwe niba ufite ihinduka ry’uturemangingo rituma ushobora kurwara kanseri. Ibi bikorwa gusa mu bihe byihariye.

Reka kandi twige ku bipimo bishya: Ibipimo byo Gupima Kanseri nyinshi (MCD)

Ikizamini gishya cy’amaraso cyitwa Galleri kirimo kugaragara. Bivugwa ko gishobora gupima ubwoko burenga 50 bwa kanseri icyarimwe. Ariko, ntabwo cyemejwe gukoreshwa muri rusange n’ibigo nka FDA (American Food and Drug Administration). Niba ushishikajwe n’ubu bwoko bw’ikizamini, ushobora kuvugana na muganga kugira ngo umenye byinshi.

Ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya kanseri bivuze iki?

Ikizamini cya kanseri gishakisha impinduka mu mubiri wawe zishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya kanseri. Ibisubizo by'ikizamini si "isuzuma" rya kanseri, cyangwa ngo bibe garanti y'uko udafite kanseri. Hari igihe ibizamini bya kanseri bishobora gutanga ibisubizo bidasanzwe. Iyo bibaye, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kongera gupimwa. Kimwe n'ikizamini cya mbere, kugira ibindi bipimo ntibivuze ko urwaye kanseri.

Ni ryari nzamenya ibisubizo by'ibizamini?

Ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bishobora gufata iminsi mike kugira ngo bibone ibisubizo. Ibindi bishobora gufata icyumweru kugira ngo muganga abone ibisubizo akakubwira. Ushobora kubaza aho wakoreye ikizamini cyangwa muganga wawe igihe bifata kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo.

Bigenda bite iyo ikizamini cyanjye kigaragaje ibimenyetso bya kanseri?

Ikintu cya mbere ugomba kwibuka ni uko ikizamini cyo gupima atari cyo gipimo cy’indwara. Niba ibisubizo byawe bigaragaza ibimenyetso bya kanseri, muganga wawe azakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo amenye byinshi ku biri kuba. Nanone, kuba ikizamini kidagaragaza ibimenyetso bya kanseri ntibivuze ko uri muzima rwose. Kanseri itangira ari nto, rimwe na rimwe ishobora gukura buhoro buhoro. Rero, baza muganga wawe igihe ugomba gukora ikizamini gitaha.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Niba utazi neza ibizamini ugomba gukora, vugana na muganga wawe. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri cyangwa warigeze kubagwa mbere (nk'ibagwa rya hysterectomy) bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mugambi wawe wo kwirinda kanseri.

Hari ibibazo ushobora kwibaza:

• "Ni ibihe bipimo bya kanseri muganga yangiriye inama?"
• "Kuki muganga agusaba ibyo bipimo?"
• "Ese ukeneye gukora ibi bizamini vuba?"
• "Ese umuganga ashobora kwikorera ibi bizamini ubwe, cyangwa ngomba kubonana n'inzobere?"
• "Ese hari ibizamini bishobora gukorerwa mu rugo?"
• "Ni kangahe nkwiye gukora ibi bizamini?"

Gupima kanseri bishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bya kanseri hakiri kare. Nubwo kuyimenya no kuyivura hakiri kare byongera amahirwe yo gukira, inzira yose ishobora gutera ubwoba no guhangayika. Rero, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga wawe ku bipimo bya kanseri bishobora kugufasha. Bazishimira kugusobanurira icyo buri kizamini gisa, uko ibizamini bikorwa, n'uko ibisubizo bizagutangarizwa.

Kumenya mbere y'igihe icyo ugomba kwitega bishobora kuguha amahoro menshi mu mutima mu gihe ugiye gupimwa kanseri bwa mbere.

Amaherezo, ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Noneho, dore incamake igufasha kwibuka zimwe mu ngingo z'ingenzi mu byo twavuzeho:

• Gupima kanseri ni ikizamini gipima kanseri mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Ibi bizamini bishobora gufasha gufatwa na kanseri hakiri kare.
• Gusuzuma hakiri kare byongera amahirwe yo kuvurwa neza, ndetse bishobora no kubuza kanseri kwandura.
• Imyaka yawe n'ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago ni byo bigena ibizamini ugomba gukora n'igihe ugomba kubipimisha.
• Gusuzuma kanseri y'ibere, kanseri y'inkondo y'umura n'inkondo y'umura ni byo bikunze kugirwa inama.
• Ibisubizo by'ikizamini si igisubizo cya nyuma. Iyo habonetse igisubizo kidasanzwe, bishobora kuba ngombwa ko hakorwa ibindi bipimo.
• Vugana na muganga wawe nta guhisha ku bipimo bikubereye n'uko ukwiye kubirangiza. Ntutinye cyangwa ngo ugire isoni.

Ndizera ko aya makuru azaba ingirakamaro kuri wewe. Ubwo bumenyi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo umuntu agire ubuzima bwiza!

Ibipimo bya kanseri , gupima kanseri, kuyimenya hakiri kare, kubaho neza, kanseri y'ibere, kanseri y'inkondo y'umura, kanseri y'amara, kwirinda