Reka twige ku gice gitangaje cy'ubwonko kigufasha kubona: Occipital Lobe.

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo ubona ibintu byiza biri ku isi, uburyo ubona amabara, n'uburyo wibuka amasura y'inshuti zawe n'umuryango wawe? Hari igice gitangaje kandi cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubwonko bwacu ari cyo gitera ibi byose. Ni cyo twita Occipital Lobe . Rero, uyu munsi turaganira kuri iki 'kigo cy'amaso' cyiza mu buryo burambuye .

Agasabo k'imbere mu jisho ni iki? Gaherereye he?

Mu magambo make, agace k'ubwonko ni kimwe mu bice bine by'ingenzi by'ubwonko bwawe. Gaherereye inyuma y'umutwe wawe , hejuru gato y'utundi duto turi inyuma y'umutwe wawe. Ni agace gato ugereranyije n'utundi duce two mu bwonko bwacu. Ariko, nubwo ari gato, gakora akazi gakomeye cyane. Wari ubizi? Ibintu byose ubona n'amaso yawe, ni ukuvuga amakuru yose agaragara, biratunganywa, bigasobanuka, kandi bigasesengurwa n'aka gace k'ubwonko. Iyo amaso yacu aba ameze nka kamera, iyi ni yo laboratwari itunganya amashusho yafashwe n'iyo kamera.

Uru rugingo rw'amaso, kimwe n'ibindi bice by'ubwonko, rugabanyijemo ibice bibiri, ibumoso n'iburyo. Hari umuyoboro muto hagati yabyo.

Ni iyihe mirimo y'ingenzi y'agace k'amaso?

Akamaro k'ingenzi kandi konyine k'agace k'amaso ni ugutunganya amakuru agaragara . Ni ukuvuga gusobanukirwa ibyo tubona n'amaso yacu. Iki ni igikorwa kigoye. Reka turebe uko ibi bigenda.

Uburyo amakuru ava mu maso ajya mu gice cy'amaso

Tekereza muri ubu buryo: imboni iri mu jisho ryawe imeze nk'idirishya. Iri dirishya niho urumuri ruturutse hanze rwinjirira mu jisho. Imbere mu jisho, inyuma, hari urwego rugoye cyane rw'uturemangingo twitwa retina . Amashusho ubona ahindurwamo ubutumwa burambuye cyane bw'uturemangingo turi muri retina.

Ubu butumwa bwanditseho code bunyura mu mitsi yawe y'amaso bujya mu bwonko bwawe. Hanyuma bugenda bunyura mu miyoboro y'amaso iri mu bwonko bwawe. Mu nzira, ubwo butumwa bwoherezwa binyuze mu bindi bice by'ingenzi by'ubwonko, nka thalamus , amaherezo bukagera mu gice cy'amaso.

Iyo ibyo bimenyetso bigeze mu gice cy'amaso, akazi nyako gatangira. Ni ukuvuga gusesengura aya mabwiriza yoherezwa n'amaso no guhindura ayo makuru mo ikintu ubwonko bushobora gukoresha no gusobanukirwa.

Iyi gahunda ibaho cyane cyane mu bice bibiri byihariye bya occipital lobe: cortex y'ibanze ireba n'iy'inyongera ireba . "cortex" cyangwa "cortex"Iri jambo rikomoka ku ijambo ry'ikilatini risobanura "igishishwa cy'igiti." Rivuga ubuso bw'inyuma bw'ubwonko bwacu bushwanyaguritse. Rero, iyi cortex ireba ni igice cya cortex ikora ibimenyetso bijyanye no kureba.

Ubushobozi tubona mu gice cy'amaso

Nubwo tuvuga "iyerekwa," hari izindi nzira nyinshi zitandukanye n'ubushobozi muri ryo. Agace k'amaso gafasha muri ibi byose. Dore ingero nke:

• Gutunganya ahantu: Ibi nibyo bigena ibimenyetso biva muri retina yawe kandi bikagufasha kubona imiterere, imiterere, n'ibindi bisobanuro by'ibintu bikukikije.
• Gutunganya amabara: Ibi nibyo bigufasha kubona amabara no gutandukanya amabara atandukanye n'amabara atandukanye. Hari abantu bashobora kutabona amabara amwe n'amwe, bivuze ko hashobora kubaho intege nke muri iki gikorwa, nko mu bihe nko kutabona amabara .
• Kumenya kure n'ubujyakuzimu: Ubu bushobozi butuma ubwonko bwawe bushobora kubara ingano y'ibintu ubona n'aho biri kure yawe.
• Kumenya ikintu n'isura: Ubu bushobozi bugufasha kumenya ibintu wigeze ubona mbere, cyane cyane amasura y'abantu wahuye nabo.

Ni gute agace k'amaso gafasha izindi ngingo n'imikorere y'umubiri?

Amaso yawe ni yo amenya ibyo ubona hirya no hino yawe maze akohereza ayo makuru nk'ibimenyetso mu bwonko bwawe. Ariko igice cy'amaso ni cyo gifata ibyo bimenyetso, kikabikora, kandi kigakorana n'ibindi bice by'ubwonko kugira ngo gisobanukirwe ibyo ubona.

Urugero rwiza rw'ibi ni ugusoma . Iyo usoma igitabo cyangwa ikinyamakuru, agace k'inyuma k'umutima kabanza kumenya inyuguti n'amagambo ari muri cyo. Hanyuma, iyo miterere n'ibimenyetso bizwi bihuzwa n'agace k'ubwonko gasanzwe kugira ngo bumve ururimi rwanditse kandi busobanukirwe ibikubiye muri cyo. Ese si ubufatanye bwiza cyane?

Agace k'amaso gakozwe n'iki?

Agace k'inyuma k'ubwonko kagizwe n'ubwoko bumwe bw'uturemangingo tugize ibindi bice byose by'ubwonko. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo:

• Uturemangingo: Utu ni uturemangingo two mu bwonko no mu mitsi dushobora kohereza ibimenyetso ku tundi tunyangingo, cyangwa tukakira ibimenyetso tukabyohereza ahandi. Utu tunyangingo tugenda muri utwo tunyangingo nk'ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Uturemangingo duhindura ibyo bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mo ibinyabutabire hanyuma tukabisohora muri utwo tunyangingo. Uturemangingo dukurikiraho tumenya ibyo bintu kandi tugakora indi mvuguvugu y'amashanyarazi. Uku ni ko ubutumwa bugenda vuba cyane imbere no hagati ya utwo tunyangingo.
• Uturemangingo twa Glial:Izi ni uturemangingo tw’imitsi dushyigikira. Ntiducunga ibimenyetso. Ahubwo, zibungabunga imitsi, zikuraho imyanda, zitanga intungamubiri, kandi zigatanga inkunga y’imiterere y’umubiri.

Ni gute agace k'amaso gakora ku bantu batabona?

Iki nacyo ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane. Ndetse no ku muntu utabona, agace k'amaso karacyakora. Ariko, icyo gikorwa giterwa n'uko umuntu yavutse ari impumyi, yahumye akiri muto, cyangwa yahumye ageze mu za bukuru.

Imikorere y'agace k'amaso ku bantu bavutse cyangwa bari impumyi mu bwana bwabo

Agace k'amaso k'abantu bavutse cyangwa bakiri bato cyane karacyakora cyane. Ariko, icyo gikorwa kibaho iyo bakoresheje ubundi buryo bwabo bwo kumva. Ni ukuvuga iyo bahumuye, bumvise, bakoraho. Nanone, iyo umuntu utabona avuga cyangwa yumva ibyo abandi bavuga, agace ke k'amaso karushaho gukora.

Muri ubu buryo agace k'amaso gashobora guhindurwa kugira ngo gakore akazi gatandukanye byitwa neuroplasticity . Ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bw'ubwonko bwo kwihuza n'ibihe cyangwa imimerere idasanzwe. Ntabwo ari ibintu bitangaje?

Imikorere y'agace k'amaso ku bantu bahumye nyuma y'ubuzima bwabo

Ku bantu bahumye nyuma y’imyaka yabo bitewe n’impamvu zifitanye isano n’amaso, cortex y’amaso, yahoze itunganya amakuru y’amaso, iracyakira amakuru aturutse ku bindi byumviro, nubwo ubu ibona ibintu bike (cyangwa nta na kimwe).

Uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi ibi bibaho ni ukumva no gukoraho. Mu magambo make, ubwonko bwawe bwerekeza ubushobozi bwabwo bwo gutunganya amaso ku yandi mashusho. Ibi bituma umuntu "abona" ​​ikintu agikozeho, cyangwa agashushanya mu bwenge ibidukikije bitewe n'ibyo yumvise.

Ni izihe ndwara n'indwara zikunze kwibasira agace k'amaso?

Indwara iyo ari yo yose ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngirabuzimafatizo z'ubwonko bwawe ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku gice cy'amaso. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Alice muri Wonderland syndrome
• Ubwoko bumwe budasanzwe bw'indwara ya Alzheimer , urugero , kugabanuka k'umutima inyuma
• Ibisebe byo mu bwonko (bishobora guterwa n'indwara cyangwa kwangirika bivuye mu kubagwa/ubuvuzi)
• Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko (harimo na kanseri)
• Uburozi bwa monoxide ya karuboni
• Ibikomere byo mu mutwe, cyane cyane kubabara mu mutwe no gukomereka mu bwonko
• Uburozi bw'ibyuma biremereye cyangwa ubundi burozi
• Indwara zandurira mu maraso (cyane cyane indwara zitera indwara ya encephalite )
• Lewy body dementia
• Indwara zo mu mutwe
• Indwara yo mu bwonko iterwa n'indwara y'ubwonko (Pres)
• Indwara ziterwa n'icyorezo nk'igicuri
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Kutabona neza (ibi bishobora kwitwa ikimenyetso ndetse n'indwara)

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bisanzwe by'ibibazo by'inkondo y'umugongo?

Kubera ko akazi gakomeye k'agace k'amaso gafitanye isano no kureba, ibimenyetso by'indwara zibigiraho ingaruka hafi ya byose bifitanye isano no kureba. Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso:

• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba (igice cyangwa icyuzuye)
• Indwara yo kutabona neza cyangwa indwara ya Anton
• Ubumenyi bw'amaso
• Ibitekerezo byo mu maso (urugero, kugoreka guherekeza aura mu gihe cyo kubabara umutwe)
• Kubona ibintu nk'ibitari mu maso

Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba neza

Iyo agace k'amaso kangiritse, ushobora gutakaza igice cy'amaso yawe cyangwa igice cyose cy'amaso yawe. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe gusa cyangwa amaso yombi. Iyo udafite ubushobozi bwo kureba neza kandi bikagira ingaruka ku maso yombi, byitwa ubuhumyi bw'umutima . Iyo ufite iyi ndwara, amaso yawe akora neza, ariko ubwonko bwawe ntibushobora gutunganya ibimenyetso by'imitsi bifitanye isano no kureba, bigatuma ugira ubuhumyi.

Indwara yo kutabona neza cyangwa indwara ya Anton

Iyo ubwonko bwangiritse, ubushobozi bw'ubwonko bwo kwigenzura bushobora guhungabana. Ibi bishobora gutuma umuntu atabasha kumenya ibimenyetso cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by'ikibazo. Uburyo bukunze kugaragara bwo kutabona neza ni igihe umuntu utabona ahakana ko afite ikibazo cyo kutabona neza. Ubundi bwoko budasanzwe bwa Anton syndrome ni igihe umuntu yibwira ko ari impumyi ariko akagaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko kureba kwe kugikora (nibura mu buryo butazi).

Ubumenyi bw'amaso

Iyi ni indwara aho ubwonko bwawe budashobora gutunganya neza ibyo ubona. Ni nko kugerageza gufungura dosiye kuri mudasobwa yawe, ariko udafite porogaramu ikwiye. Mudasobwa ntishobora gufungura dosiye kuko itazi uko ikoreshwa. Uko ni ko agnosia yo mu maso imeze. Ubwonko bwawe ntibushobora gusobanukirwa no gutunganya ibyo amaso yawe abona. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe izindi nyumvo zishobora gufasha no gukora kuri ibi.

Ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Agnosia y'ikintu: Muri ibi, ikintu kigaragara, ariko umuntu ntashobora kugimenya. Ariko, bashobora kukimenya bakoresheje ijwi (urugero: injangwe ishobora kutamenyekana mu buryo ibona, ariko ishobora kumenyekana mu ijwi ryayo rya 'meow') cyangwa mu gukoraho (urugero: urufunguzo rushobora kutamenyekana mu buryo ibona, ariko rushobora kumenyekana mu buryo ikoraho n'imiterere).
• Agnosia y'amabara: Ibi bishobora kubaho mu buryo bubiri. Ubwa mbere ni uko udashobora gutunganya amabara ubona. Ibi bishobora gutuma amabara aba make cyangwa agasa n'imvi ( achromatopsia ). Ubundi bwoko bw'ingenzi ni uko udashobora guhuza amabara n'amazina yayo. Ushobora kubona amabara, ariko ubwonko bwawe ntibushobora kuyavuga cyangwa kuyamenya iyo uyasobanukiwe. Agnosia y'amabara itandukanye n'ubuhumyi bw'amabara, ari indwara y'amaso.
• Igihe kimwe cyo kureba: Iki ni cyo gihe ushobora kubona ibintu ku giti cyawe ariko ntusobanukirwe uburyo bifitanye isano. Urugero, ushobora kutabasha gusobanukirwa ko hari ibiti byinshi hamwe, nubwo bisa nkaho ari ishyamba.

Amashusho y'uburiganya

Ibi ni ukugoreka cyangwa impinduka mu kureba kwawe. Bibaho iyo ubwonko bwawe budakoresheje neza ibimenyetso biva mu maso yawe. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere ikurikira y'ibyo ubona:

• Ingano: Ibintu bishobora kugaragara nk'ibinini cyangwa bito kurusha uko biri.
• Imiterere: Ibintu bishobora kugaragara nk'ibidasobanutse neza (tekereza uburyo ishusho yawe isa ku buso butaringaniye, indorerwamo ifunze, cyangwa ku buso bw'amazi agenda).
• Ingendo: Ikintu gishobora kugaragara nk'ikigenda nubwo mu by'ukuri gihagaze, cyangwa ikintu kirimo kigenda gishobora kugaragara nk'ikihagaze.

Kubona ibintu nk'ibitari mu maso

Mu bihe bisanzwe, kureba k'umuntu bibaho kuko ubwonko bukora ibimenyetso biva mu maso. Iyo ibyo bimenyetso bigeze mu gice cy'amaso, imiyoboro yo muri ako gace yohereza ibimenyetso mu bindi bice by'ubwonko. Kubona ibintu mu buryo bworoshye ni igihe imiyoboro yo mu gice cy'amaso ikora nk'aho yakira ibimenyetso biva mu maso, ariko mu by'ukuri iba ikora ubwayo, nta bimenyetso nk'ibyo. Ni ukuvuga ko isa n'aho ibona ibintu bitariho.

Ni ibihe bipimo biboneka kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bw'agace k'amaso?

Abaganga bafite uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura ubuzima bw'agace ka occipital lobe kawe. Harimo ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara, ibizamini byo muri laboratwari, na scan. Dore ingero nke:

• Gupima amaraso (ibi bishobora kugaragaza ibintu byose uhereye ku bibazo by’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri kugeza ku burozi n’uburozi, cyane cyane ibyuma nka umuringa, mercure, na lisansi).
• Isuzuma rya mudasobwa (CT)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Electromyogram (EMG) (Electromyogram (ikizamini cyo kuyobora imitsi) )
• Ibyiza byavumbuwe ( ibipimo by'ibyumviro)
• Ishusho ya resonance ya magnetic (MRI)
• Gupima indwara z'ubwonko
• Isuzuma rya Positron emission tomography (PET)

Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura indwara zigira ingaruka ku gice cy'amaso?

Hari indwara nyinshi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi y'ubwonko bwawe, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura izo ndwara buratandukanye cyane. Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kudakora ku yindi ndwara, cyangwa bugatuma indi irushaho kuba mbi. Kubwibyo, umuganga niwe muntu mwiza wo kuguha amakuru ajyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvura indwara iyo ari yo yose yo mu bwonko. Bazasuzuma amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, uburwayi bwawe, ibyo ukunda, n'ibindi bintu kugira ngo baguhe ibisubizo bihuye n'imimerere yawe.

Ni iki nakora kugira ngo agace kanjye k'amaso kagume gafite ubuzima bwiza?

Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ubwonko bwawe bwose bukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza, harimo n'agace kawe k'amaso. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kwirindwa. Izindi zishobora kudakumirwa, ariko ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara. Dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ushobora gukora:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye: Vitamine D nyinshi cyangwa nkeya cyane bishobora guteza ibibazo ku bwonko bwawe, harimo n'agace k'amaso. Indyo yawe igira ingaruka ku buzima bw'imiyoboro y'amaraso, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi kugira ngo ubwonko bukore neza (ubumuga ni urugero rw'indwara ibaho iyo indwara z'imiyoboro y'amaraso zigira ingaruka ku bwonko).
• Komeza gukora siporo kandi ukomeze kugira ibiro byiza: Ibiro byawe n'urwego rw'imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora gufasha gukumira cyangwa gutinza indwara zigira ingaruka ku bwonko, cyane cyane ibibazo by'imiyoboro y'amaraso nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. Muganga wawe w'umuryango ashobora kukubwira ibiro byawe bikwiriye n'icyo wakora kugira ngo ubikomeze. Imyitozo ngororamubiri na yo ni nziza ku bwonko bwawe. Ntabwo ifasha gusa mu kunoza imiyoboro y'amaraso, ahubwo inateza imbere ikorwa ry'imiti y'ingirakamaro yitwa neurotransmitters ikorerwa mu bwonko mu buryo busanzwe.
• Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda iyo bibaye ngombwa: Ibikomere byo mu mutwe, cyane cyane kubabara mu mutwe no gukomereka mu bwonko, ni ibintu biteje akaga cyane ku gice cy'ubwonko cyawe. Ibi biterwa nuko iki gice cy'ubwonko giherereye inyuma y'umutwe, bigatuma gikomereka cyane. Kwambara ingofero, imikandara yo kwirinda (nk'imikandara yo mu modoka), n'ibindi bikoresho byo kwirinda bishobora gufasha cyane mu gukumira ibibazo by'igice cy'ubwonko.
• Gucunga indwara zawe zidakira: Indwara nyinshi zigira ingaruka ku bwonko zirushaho kuba mbi uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ariko, kuvura izi ndwara rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuzihagarika cyangwa bigatinza iterambere ryazo. Ingero z'izi ndwara zirimo diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 n'igicuri.

Wibuke ko agace gato k'ubwonko bwacu ari ko gafite igice gito cyane, ariko ni rwo rugingo nyamukuru rudufasha kubona no kwibonera isi. Bityo rero ni ngombwa cyane kuyiyitaho!

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Agace k'ubwonko gashobora kuba ari ko gato mu bwonko bwawe, ariko ni ko twese twishingikirizaho igihe kinini. Iki gice cy'ubwonko giherereye inyuma y'umutwe, gitunganya ibimenyetso biva mu maso yawe. Nubwo gishobora kwibasirwa n'indwara nyinshi n'ibindi bibazo, ubumenyi bwa siyansi n'ubuvuzi kuri aka gace k'ubwonko bufite icyizere cyo gusuzuma no kuvura byinshi muri ibyo bibazo.

Agace k'ubwonko gafitanye isano n'ibindi bice byinshi by'ubwonko, harimo kureba n'ubundi bushobozi bwinshi. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ubushobozi bwawe bwo kumva no gusobanukirwa isi ikukikije. Binagufasha kwibuka binyuze mu kohereza amakuru yerekeye ibyo wanyuzemo mu bice bitandukanye by'ubwonko. Nubwo agace k'ubwonko gaherereye inyuma y'umutwe wa buri wese (mu buryo bw'imvugo no mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo), iki gice cy'ubwonko ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Kubwibyo, ni inshingano zawe kwita neza kuri uyu mukinnyi muto.

` Occipital Lobe, Ubwonko, Kureba, Retina, Visual Cortex, Neurology