Ese uhura n'ingorane mu gukora imirimo yawe ya buri munsi? (Ibikorwa by'ubuzima bwa buri munsi - ADLs) Reka tubimenye!

Hari ibintu twese dukora buri munsi tutanatekerezaho. Ibintu nko kubyuka mu gitondo, gukaraba mu maso, koza amenyo, kwambara, kurya, kwiyuhagira no kujya mu bwiherero. Ibi ni byo abaganga bita 'Activities of Daily Living' (ADLs) . Ibi ni ibintu by'ingenzi kugira ngo umubiri wacu ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza kandi ukore neza. Rimwe na rimwe, no gukora iyi mirimo isa n'aho yoroshye ku giti cyacu bishobora kugorana kuri bamwe. Reka tuvuge byinshi kuri iyi ADL uyu munsi, si byo se?

ADL ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, (ADLs) ni ibintu by'ibanze dukora kugira ngo umubiri wacu ugire ubuzima bwiza kandi ubeho mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Ibi bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri. Kimwe ni ibintu by'ingenzi ku mubiri - nko kurya, kwiyuhagira, no kujya mu bwiherero. Tudafite ibi, byari kugorana kubaho.

Ikindi gice ni imirimo igoye cyane , ari yo igufasha kubaho wigenga kandi wigenga. Urugero, gucunga amafaranga, kuzana ibiribwa mu rugo, guhinga no kumesa imyenda. Gukora ibi bintu bisaba gutekereza no gutegura.

Hari igihe ushobora kwiyumvisha ko ugomba kubagwa gato. Ushobora gukenera ubufasha kuri izi ndwara zo mu mutwe (ADLs) mu minsi mike. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora gukenera ubufasha muri izi ndwara igihe kirekire, wenda ndetse n'ubuzima bwabo bwose. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko bafite indwara idakira igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwabo bwo kwimura umubiri wabo, kwibuka kwabo, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukemura ibibazo.

Kuki ari ngombwa kuvuga kuri izi ADL?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga cyangwa wita ku muntu wo mu muryango wawe, itsinda ry’abaganga rishobora kuvuga kuri izi ndwara zo mu mutwe. Mu by’ukuri, iyi si ingingo yoroshye kuvugaho. Ushobora gutekereza uti "Ese, nzagomba kwishingikiriza ku bandi?" cyangwa uti "Ese mama/papa azashobora kuguma mu rugo wenyine?" Ubwo bwoba n’impungenge ni ibintu bisanzwe.

Igikuru ni ukuganira kuri ibi mu buryo bweruye kandi mu kuri na muganga wawe cyangwa itsinda ry’abaganga b’uwo ukunda.

Bazagutega amatwi kandi basobanukirwe icyo ushaka. Mu kubiganiraho muri ubu buryo no gusobanukirwa amahitamo yawe, wowe n'umuryango wawe mushobora gufata icyemezo cyiza. Kugira ngo witegure iki kiganiro, birafasha kumenya neza icyo abaganga baba bashaka kuvuga iyo bavuze ADL.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa ADLs...

Twavuze mbere ko ADL zigabanyijemo ibice bibiri.

1. Ibikorwa by'ibanze bya buri munsi (ADL z'ibanze)

Ibi ni byo dukora buri munsi, ni ingenzi mu mibereho yacu y'umubiri. Hari igihe byitwa ibikorwa by'umubiri bya buri munsi , kuko bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ibyo umubiri wacu ukeneye.

Ingero zimwe na zimwe za ADL z'ibanze:

• Kugaburira:Gufata ibiryo biri ku isahani, ukabishyira mu kanwa, hanyuma ukarya neza.
• Kwiyuhagira/Isuku ku giti cyawe: Kujya mu bwiherero wenyine, gukaraba umubiri wawe, no kwisukura. Ibi birimo no koza amenyo no gukaraba mu maso.
• Kwambara: Guhitamo no kwambara imyenda wenyine. Ibintu nko gufunga no gufunga zipu.
• Kwiyuhagira: Kujya mu bwiherero wenyine, gukora ibikenewe, no gusohoka usukuye.
• Kwimura: Ibintu nko kuva ku buriri ujya ku ntebe, guhaguruka ku ntebe, no gutembera mu cyumba.
• Continence: Ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ubushobozi bwo kwituma no kunyara igihe cyose ushaka n'aho ushaka.

Dore ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka. Hari itandukaniro hagati yo gukora iyi ADL y'ibanze no kubikora mu mutekano . Tekereza, ushobora kugendagenda mu nzu, ariko wumva utari mu murongo, cyangwa waguye inshuro nke ukarokoka gato. Niba ari uko bimeze, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenyesha muganga.

Biroroshye gusubika ibintu, ukibwira uti “Uko ni ko bigenda iyo ugeze mu zabukuru.” Ariko niba ubona ko gukora iyi mirimo y’ibanze bigoye kurusha uko byari bimeze mbere, ntugacike intege. Iyo ubibwiye muganga, bashobora kukugira inama yo guhindura ibintu byoroshye. Urugero, gukuraho amatapi anyerera mu rugo rwawe cyangwa gushyiramo utubati two gufata mu bwiherero.

2. ADL z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga (IADLs)

Iyi mirimo, yitwa Ibikorwa by'Instrumental mu mibereho ya buri munsi (IADLs), iragoye gato kurusha ADL z'ibanze. Isaba ubumenyi bwinshi bwo mu mutwe kugira ngo uyikore. IADL ntizishyigikira gusa ibyo dukeneye by'ibanze mu mubiri, ahubwo zishyigikira n'imibereho myiza yacu muri rusange. Kugira ngo uyikore, ugomba kuba ushobora gutekereza neza, kugira gahunda, no kuba ushobora kugendagenda imbere no hanze y'urugo.

Ingero zimwe na zimwe za IADL:

• Gucunga urugo: gusukura inzu, gusasa ibitanda, gukuramo imyanda.
• Gutegura amafunguro: Gutegura ifunguro, gutegura ibikoresho bikenewe, no kuriteka mu mutekano.
• Gufata imiti: Gufata imiti ku gihe gikwiye no mu gipimo gikwiye.
• Gucunga imari: kwishyura fagitire, gukora banki, no gukoresha amafaranga neza.
• Guhaha: Gukora urutonde rw'ibintu ukeneye mu rugo rwawe, kujya mu iduka no kubitwara.
• Gukoresha telefoni: Kuba ushobora guhamagara umuntu no gusubiza telefoni zinjira.
• Ubwikorezi: Kugenda wenyine muri bisi, gari ya moshi, cyangwa gutwara imodoka yawe bwite cyangwa gukodesha tagisi.
• Kumesa imyenda:Gutondekanya, kumesa, kumisha no kuzingira imyenda.

Akenshi, iyo abantu babonye ko badashobora gukora izi IADL bonyine, babanza gusaba ubufasha muri izi nshingano. Hari n'igihe umuntu atamenya ko akeneye ubufasha muri IADL kugeza igihe umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa muganga abibwiye. Abantu benshi bakeneye ubufasha muri IADL bashobora gukora ADL z'ibanze nta kibazo.

Ibyo umuntu akeneye bishobora guhinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Urugero, umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo mu mutwe cyangwa indwara ya Alzheimer yo mu gihe cya mbere ashobora kugorwa no gukora zimwe muri IADL ariko ntagire ubufasha na bumwe akenera mu gukora ADL z'ibanze. Ariko, uko indwara igenda ikura, ashobora gutangira kugorwa no gukora ADL z'ibanze.

Niyo mpamvu gusuzuma ADLs akenshi atari ikintu gikunze gukorwa rimwe gusa. Ahubwo, abakora mu buvuzi, nk'abaganga, abaforomo, n'abavuzi b'inzobere mu by'ubuzima, bashobora kugenzura buri gihe ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri y'ibanze n'iy'umubiri. Bashaka impinduka zose zishobora kugaragaza ko ukeneye ubundi bufasha.

Ni ryari abaganga basuzuma ADL?

Igihe n'inshuro abaganga basuzuma ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora ADLs biratandukanye bitewe n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe n'uko umerewe ubu. Ubusanzwe, abaforomo n'abaganga b'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bashobora kugenzura uburyo ukora izi ADLs iyo:

• Iyo uri mu bitaro.
• Nyuma yo gutaha avuye mu bitaro.
• Mu gihe cyo gukira nyuma yo kubagwa, impanuka y'umubiri, imvune yo mu bwonko iteye ubwoba, cyangwa indwara yo gucika imitsi.
• Niba ufite indwara yo kwangirika kw'imitsi, nka Alzheimer's disease cyangwa Parkinson's disease, igabanya buhoro buhoro uburyo bwo kugabanya imitsi.
• Niba ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.
• Niba ufite ikibazo cy'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.

Ni gute ADL zipimwa?

Abaganga bakoresha uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo basuzume ubushobozi bw'umuntu bwo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. Urugero, bashobora kwitegereza wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda mukora iyo mirimo. Hari igihe babaza abamwitaho ibyo babona. Ubundi, umuntu ufite ikibazo cya ADLs azamwivugira .

Abaganga bashobora gukoresha bumwe cyangwa bwinshi muri ubu buryo hamwe kugira ngo bumve neza uburyo umuntu ashobora kwiyitaho n'ubwoko bw'ubufasha akeneye. Bitewe n'ubufasha bukenewe, abaganga bashobora gutanga inama ku bintu nk'ibi:

• Gukoresha ibikoresho byo kuriramo byabugenewe nk'imikandara yo kwimura kugira ngo bifashe umuntu guterura.
• Guhindura ibintu mu rugo, nko gukoresha intebe zifite aho zihagarara kugira ngo byorohe kwicara no guhaguruka ku ntebe.
• Gukoresha umuntu wo mu muryango (uwita ku buzima busanzwe) cyangwa umufasha w’ubuzima bwo mu rugo mu kwita ku barwayi.
• Urebye andi macumbi, nko kuba mu bigo byita ku bageze mu za bukuru cyangwa mu bigo byita ku bageze mu za bukuru.

Abaganga bahora bagerageza gutanga inama ku buryo bwo kwirinda indwara zishobora gutuma wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda muba mufite umutekano ushoboka.

Igipimo cya Katz ni iki? (Igipimo cya Katz ADL)

Ibi kandi byitwa ``Katz ADL scale``. Uru ni urutonde abaganga bakunze gukoresha kugira ngo bamenye uburyo ushobora gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. ``Katz ADL scale`` ireba cyane cyane ADL z'ibanze , kandi ntireba IADL (imirimo igoye kurushaho).

Igipimo cya "Katz ADL" gipima uburyo ushobora gukora neza ADL esheshatu (6) z'ibanze. Ubona amanota ya rimwe (1) kuri buri gikorwa ushobora gukora wigenga , n'amanota ya zeru (0) kuri buri gikorwa ukeneye ubufasha . Bityo, ushobora kubona amanota ntarengwa ya atandatu (6). Uko amanota aba menshi, niko ushobora gukora akazi wigenga. Uko amanota aba make, niko ushobora gukenera ubufasha bwinshi mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Dore ADL esheshatu z'ibanze kuri "Katz ADL scale" n'icyo ugomba gukora kugira ngo ubone amanota kuri buri imwe muri zo:

1. Kwiyuhagira: Niba ushobora gusukura umubiri wawe wose nta bufasha, cyangwa ugafashwa n'igice kimwe cy'umubiri gusa (urugero, umugongo).

2. Kwambara imyenda: Niba ushobora guhitamo no kwambara imyenda yawe yose, kandi ugakora ibintu nk'amabuto n'ingufu n'amaso wenyine (ushobora gukenera ubufasha bwo gupfuka imishumi y'inkweto zawe).

3. Kwiyuhagira: Niba ushobora kujya mu bwiherero nta bufasha, ukicaraho, ukabukoresha, hanyuma ukagaruka umeze neza.

4. Kwimura: Kuva mu buriri cyangwa ku ntebe nta bufasha bw'undi muntu, niba bishoboka.

5. Guhagarara: Niba ufite ububasha busesuye ku gihe n'aho uhagarika inkari n'aho wituma.

6. Kugaburira: Niba ashobora gufata ibiryo ku isahani akabishyira mu kanwa ke wenyine.

Abaganga bakoresha igipimo cya Katz ADL n'izindi nyandiko cyangwa isuzuma kugira ngo babone ishusho yuzuye y'ibyo ushobora gukora n'ubwoko bw'ubufasha ukeneye. Urugero, bashobora gukoresha igipimo cya Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale kugira ngo barebe uburyo ushobora gukora imirimo igoye kurushaho, nko gutegura amafunguro cyangwa gukora imirimo yo mu rugo.

Niba ubonye urutonde rw'ibintu bya ADL kuri interineti, ni byiza kuvugana na muganga mbere yo kugikoresha wenyine. Uko byaba bimeze kose, biroroshye kumva nabi urutonde nk'uru cyangwa icyo ruvuga. Niba ufite impungenge kuri wowe ubwawe cyangwa ku muntu wo mu muryango wawe, ikintu cyiza kandi cyizewe cyo gukora ni ukuganira na muganga akabasaba ubuyobozi bw'icyo wakora nyuma yaho.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Ibi bikorwa byo mu buzima bwa buri munsi (ADLs) ni ibintu dukora buri gihe kandi byimbitse mu buzima bwacu. Rero, akenshi ntitubitekerezaho kugeza igihe wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda atabishoboye. Ni bwo ibibazo nk'ibi bitangira kuvuka, "Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubufasha tuzakenera? Tuzabukenera igihe kingana iki? Ni iki kizaba ku hazaza h'ibi byose?".

Ibibazo biza mu mutwe byoroshye, ariko kubona ibisubizo si ko buri gihe biba byoroshye. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kubwira muganga ibibazo byawe. Bazahora biteguye gukorana nawe no gushaka ibisubizo.

Niba wumva ubabaye, uremerewe, cyangwa unaniwe kubera ubwo bwoko bw'imihangayiko, tekereza ku kuganira n'umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe . Bashobora gusobanukirwa uko umerewe kandi bakagufasha kubona uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga izi mpinduka z'ubuzima mu buryo bworoshye. Wibuke ko utari wenyine!

Ibikorwa by'ubuzima bwa buri munsi, ADL, ADL z'ibanze, ADL zikoreshwa n'ibikoresho, IADL, isuzuma ry'ubuzima, kwita ku bageze mu zabukuru, kubaho mu bwisanzure