Amakuru y'ubuvuzi ugomba kumenya niba urimo gutekereza kurera umwana

Gufata umwana nk'umwana ni icyemezo cyiza kandi cy'urukundo. Bizana ubuzima bushya n'ibyishimo mu muryango. Ariko mbere yuko dutangira uru rugendo rwiza, ese twagombye kumenya neza ibibazo by'ubuzima umwana ugiye kwinjira mu muryango wawe ashobora guhura nabyo mu ntangiriro z'ubuzima bwe? Kuko, ubwo bumenyi n'imyiteguro ni byo biguha wowe n'uwo mushya mu muryango intangiriro nziza kandi itekanye.

Mu magambo make, kurera abana ni iki?

Mu magambo make, kurera umwana ni inzira y’imibanire, amarangamutima, n’amategeko aho umwana utarerewe n’ababyeyi be baba umwe mu bagize umuryango. Iyi si inyandiko y’amategeko gusa. Bivuze ko umwana ahabwa urukundo, kwitabwaho, kurindwa, n’umuryango uhamye. Muri Sri Lanka, ibi bishobora gukorwa binyuze mu bigo by’imfubyi, ibigo byigenga, cyangwa binyuze mu bavandimwe (urugero, umwana w’umuvandimwe wa hafi). Muri iyi nzira yose, uzagomba gukorana bya hafi n’abanyamategeko, abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage, cyane cyane abaganga b’abana.

Ni izihe mpamvu zituma ubuzima bw'abana barera burushaho kwiyongera?

Kimwe n'umwana uwo ari we wese, abana barera abana bashobora kurwara indwara iyo ari yo yose. Icyakora, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko aba bana bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ibibazo by'umubiri, ibyo mu mutwe no mu mikurire ugereranyije n'abandi bana.

Impamvu nyamukuru ibi ni ibintu bibi bahura na byo bakiri bato. Mu buvuzi, ibyo tubyita Ibihe Bibi byo mu Buto (ACEs) . Ibi byago ni ukuri, ariko hamwe n'urukundo rwawe, ubwitonzi bwawe, n'inama zawe z'abaganga zikwiye, uwo mwana azagira imbaraga nyinshi zo gutsinda ibyo bibazo byose kandi akure afite ubuzima bwiza kandi yishimye.

Dore zimwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zituma ibyo byago byiyongera:

• Kutagira ubuvuzi bukwiye mu gihe atwite na nyuma yo kubyara: Umubyeyi ashobora kudahabwa intungamubiri zikenewe, vitamine, n'ibizamini by'ubuvuzi mu gihe atwite. Ashobora kandi kubura inkingo n'ubuvuzi bikenewe nyuma yo kuvuka k'umwana.
• Kubura imirire: Kutagira indyo yuzuye mu bwana bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikurire y'umwana.
• Ibikenewe mu buryo bw'amarangamutima bitaragerwaho:Urukundo, ubushyuhe, n'umutekano ku mwana (aravaṇaippu - ubushyuhe/gucudika - ijambo rya Tamil rimwe na rimwe rikoreshwa mu buryo bw'imvugo, ariko nkwiye kuryirinda nk'uko amabwiriza abiteganya. Nzasubiramo amagambo ahinnye) Urukundo, ubushyuhe, n'umutekano ku mwana ni ingenzi mu mikurire y'ubwonko. Iyo ibi bitatanzwe, bishobora kugira ingaruka z'igihe kirekire.
• Guhura n'ibintu by'uburozi: Gukoresha inzoga, itabi, n'ibindi mu gihe atwite, cyangwa ibidukikije umwana abamo byangiza ubuzima.
• Ihungabana: Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana (ku mubiri, mu marangamutima, mu mibonano mpuzabitsina), gutandukana n'ababyeyi, impinduka zikunze kubaho mu burere, kubona ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo, nibindi bigira ingaruka zitagereranywa ku mikurire y'ubwonko bw'umwana no ku buzima bwo mu mutwe. Imihangayiko idashira iterwa n'ibintu nk'ibyo ishobora guhindura imikorere y'imisemburo y'umubiri no gutera indwara z'umubiri z'igihe kirekire.

Ni ibihe bibazo by'ubuzima bikunze kugaragara?

Reka tuganire ku bibazo bimwe na bimwe by’ubuzima bikunze kugaragara mu bana barera abana. Abana bose si bo bafite ibi bintu, ariko ni ngombwa kubimenya.

Imiterere y'umubiri

Izi ndwara zishobora guterwa no kubura indyo yuzuye cyangwa ubuvuzi bukwiye mu myaka ya mbere y'umwana.

Ubuzima bw'amarangamutima n'ubwo mu mutwe

Gutandukanya umwana n'umuryango we wa mbere n'aho asanzwe atuye ni ihungabana rikomeye mu mutwe ku mwana w'ikinege. Bifata igihe kugira ngo umwana amenyere urugo rushya n'umuryango mushya. Muri icyo gihe, umwana ashobora kugaragaza bene izi myitwarire.

• Kugerageza kuba wenyine, ntavuge.
• Kwitwara nabi, kurakara.
• Kurira guhoraho.
• Kugorwa no gusinzira (ubwoba bwo gusinzira, kudasinzira).
• Kutagira ubushake mu bintu wakundaga mbere.

Bitewe n'ibintu bibabaza bibaho mu bwana, bamwe mu bana baba bafite ibyago byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe.

• Indwara zo guhangayika: Guhora wumva ufite ubwoba kandi ukeka.
• Kwiheba: Guhinda umushyitsi igihe kirekire, kwiheba.
• Indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y’ihungabana (PTSD): Kwibuka ibintu bibabaje byabaye mu bihe byashize no gutinya ibintu bifitanye isano na byo.
• Indwara zo kurya: Kurya bike cyane cyangwa byinshi cyane bitewe n'impamvu zo mu mutwe.

Ibibazo by'Imyitwarire n'Iterambere

Ibyabaye mu bihe byashize bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku myitwarire n'imikurire y'umwana.

• Kugorwa no kugenzura amarangamutima: Kurakara cyane cyangwa kurakara bitewe n'utuntu duto.
• Imyitwarire y'ubugizi bwa nabi: gukubita abandi, kujugunya ibintu.
• Indwara yo kudatega amatwi/guhangayika cyane (ADHD): Kudashobora kuguma ahantu hamwe, kurangara byoroshye, no kubura ituze.
• Gutinda kuvuga: Kutabasha kuvuga mu buryo bujyanye n'imyaka.
• Ubumuga bwo kwiga: Kugorwa no kwita ku kazi k'ishuri.

Amakuru y'ubuzima ugomba kumenya mbere yo kurera umwana

Mbere cyangwa akimara kwinjira mu muryango wawe, gerageza gukusanya amakuru menshi ashoboka yerekeye ubuzima bwe. Aya makuru azagufasha wowe n'umuganga w'umwana wawe gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza ku mwana wawe. Hari igihe bishobora kudashoboka kubona aya makuru yose. Ariko gerageza uko ushoboye kose.

Amakuru y'ingenzi yo kugerageza gushaka:

• Amateka y'ubuzima bw'umwana:
• Ni izihe ndwara umwana afite ubu cyangwa yigeze kugira mu bihe byashize?
• Ese wagiye mu bitaro? Ese wabazwe?
• Ni iyihe miti iri gukoreshwa ubu?
• Ese umwana afite allergie?
• Ni izihe nkingo zatanzwe? (Byaba ingirakamaro cyane uramutse ubonye ikarita yo gukingirwa)
• Raporo z'ibizamini by'amaraso byabanje, isuzuma, n'ibindi.
• Amakuru ajyanye n'ivuka:
• Uburemere bw'umwana avutse, uburebure bwe, n'umuzenguruko w'umutwe we.
• Wavutse ibyumweru bingahe? (Ese wavutse igihe kitageze?)
• Ese hari ingorane zabayeho mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa nyuma yaho?
• Amakuru yerekeye gutwita k'umubyeyi:
• Ese umubyeyi yanyoye inzoga cyangwa itabi mu gihe yari atwite?
• Ese umubyeyi yari afite indwara (urugero: indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina) icyo gihe?
• Amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango:
• Ni izihe ndwara z’uruhererekane rw’umwana (urugero: diyabete, indwara z’umutima, kanseri) ababyeyi be n’abavandimwe be bavukana bafite? Ibi bishobora kugorana kubimenya, ariko ni ngombwa kubimenya niba bishoboka.
• Iterambere n'amateka y'imibereho:
• Amakuru yerekeye intambwe umwana akuramo (imyaka yagendaga, agenda, kandi akavuga).
• Raporo zerekana niba umwana yarahohotewe cyangwa yaratereranywe.
• Niba warigeze kujya ku ishuri, ibikorwa by'ishuri byifashe bite?

Uruhare rw'umuganga w'abana muri uru rugendo

Ku muryango urera umwana, umuganga w'abana ni umuyobozi, umujyanama, n'inshuti magara. Inshingano ze zirenze kumuha imiti ivura indwara runaka.

• Tuzasesengura amakuru y’ubuvuzi wakusanyije ku mwana wawe, tunakumenyeshe uburyo bwose umwana wawe ashobora gukenera kuvurwa.
• Umwana akimara kwinjira mu muryango, hakorwa isuzuma ryuzuye ry’umubiri n’iry’imitekerereze kugira ngo hamenyekane ibibazo bitaramenyekana.
• Niba umwana akeneye ubufasha bw'inzobere (urugero: inzobere mu by'indwara zo mu mutwe z'abana, inzobere mu by'umutima, inzobere mu by'imivugire), azoherezwa kuri ibyo.
• Uzahabwa inama z'uburyo wakwitwara mu bibazo by'amarangamutima bishobora kuvuka mu gihe umwana wawe azaba amaze kumenyera umuryango mushya.
• Turakwigisha uburyo bwo gufasha mu kubaka umubano ukomeye hagati y'umwana n'umuryango.
• Inkingo z'umwana n'ubuzima bwe muri rusange bihora bigenzurwa.

Ibi bigira ingaruka zite ku bandi bagize umuryango?

Iyo umwana mushya yinjiye mu muryango, bishobora kuba impinduka ikomeye kuri buri wese mu rugo. Ibi bishobora kuba ukuri cyane cyane iyo hari abandi bana mu rugo.

• Ishyari ry'abavandimwe: Abandi bana bashobora kumva ko umwana mushya arimo kwitabwaho cyane. Ibi bishobora gutuma bagira uburakari n'ishyari. Uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n'ibi ni ukumarana umwanya n'abandi bana ukwabo. Batume bumva ko bakiri umwihariko.
• Umunaniro w'umurwayi: Ababyeyi bashobora kumva bananiwe cyane mu mubiri, mu mutwe no mu byiyumvo iyo bita ku mwana ufite ibibazo byihariye. Ibi ni ibisanzwe. Ni ngombwa kwiyitaho, kuruhuka no gushaka ubufasha ku nshuti wizeye. Ntugatinye gusaba ubufasha ku mujyanama niba bibaye ngombwa.

Ese koko witeguye iyi nshingano?

Iki ni icyemezo cy'ubuzima bwose. Mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo kurera umwana, ibaze ibi bibazo.

Ntibishoboka kwitegura ibintu byose mbere y'igihe, ariko uko urushaho kubyumva neza, niko bizakorohera wowe n'umuryango wawe mushya.