Ese uri mu kaga ko kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer? Menya ibijyanye n'ikizamini cya APOE Gene Test

Hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe, wenda nyogokuru cyangwa sekuru, warwaye indwara ya Alzheimer? Iyo ibyo bibaye, ni ibisanzwe kugira ubwoba mu mutwe wawe uti "Ese nanjye nzarwara iyi ndwara?" Ni bwo iki kizamini cya APOE gene kiza kwibandwaho. Ese koko gishobora guhanura ahazaza hacu? Reka tuvuge kuri byose mu buryo bworoshye kandi busobanutse.

Iki kizamini cya APOE gene ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ikizamini cya APOE gene ni ikizamini cya gene kireba ubwoko bwa gene yitwa apolipoprotein E. Niba ufite ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'iyi gene, ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer kurusha izindi .

Ariko ikintu cy'ingenzi hano ni iki. Kuba ufite ibyago byinshi ntibivuze ko uzarwara nta kabuza. Tekereza ko hari ibicu byijimye mu kirere. Ibyo bivuze ko hari amahirwe y'imvura, ariko ntibivuze ko imvura izagwa nta kabuza. Uko ni ko bimeze. Ubuzima bwacu ntibuterwa n'uturemangingo twacu gusa, ahubwo bunaterwa n'ibindi bintu byinshi, nko ibyo turya, twaba dukora siporo, ndetse n'imibereho yacu.

Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo usobanukirwe ibisubizo by'iki kizamini.

None se iyi gene ya APOE ni iyihe?

Ingirabuzimafatizo APOE ibwira uturemangingo tw’umubiri wacu gukora poroteyine yihariye yitwa apolipoprotein E. Iyi poroteyine ikora akazi gakomeye cyane. Ihuzwa n’ibinure (lipide) mu mubiri wacu kandi ijyana ibintu nka cholesterol aho bigomba kuba mu maraso, nk’uko bigenda kuri tagisi. Ibi tubyita lipoprotein.

Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi, cyangwa aleli, bwa gene ya APOE mu mibiri yacu.

Twese turagwa kopi ebyiri z'iyi gene, imwe ikomoka kuri mama wacu n'indi ikomoka kuri data. Bityo ushobora kugira uruvange rw'izi ngero ebyiri muri izi eshatu (urugero: e3/e3, e3/e4, e2/e4).

Ni iyihe ngirabuzimafatizo muri izi ifitanye isano n'indwara ya Alzheimer?

Mbere na mbere, nta gene iraboneka itera indwara ya Alzheimer . Icyakora, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kugira kopi imwe y’ubwoko bwa gene bwa APOE-e4 byongera ibyago byo kurwara Alzheimer.

• APOE-e4: Abantu bafite kopi imwe cyangwa ebyiri z'iyi gene bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer itangira mu gihe cya nyuma, ikaza nyuma y'imyaka 65.
• APOE-e2: Iyi ni inkuru nziza gato. Ubu bwoko bw'uturemangingo bushobora gutanga uburinzi ku ndwara ya Alzheimer. Nubwo umuntu ufite iyi gene yarwara iyi ndwara, akenshi ibaho nyuma cyane y'umuntu ufite APOE-e4.

Ni gute wakora iki kizamini? Ni nde ugikora?

Iki si ikizamini gitegetswe gukorwa. Ni ikintu gikorwa ku bushake bwawe. Niba ufite amateka y'indwara ya Alzheimer mu muryango wawe, ushobora gushishikazwa no kumenya ibi. Muri icyo gihe, ushobora kuvugana na muganga wawe ukamenya byinshi kuri ibi.

Ikizamini cyoroshye cyane:

1. Guhabwa icyitegererezo cya ADN: Muganga azaguha icyitegererezo cya ADN. Ibi bishobora gukorwa ufata amaraso make cyangwa ukoresheje agapira gato mu kanwa cyangwa mu itama.

2. Kohereza muri laboratwari: Iki gipimo cyoherezwa muri laboratwari yihariye kugira ngo gipimwe.

3. Gutanga ibisubizo: Laboratwari ipima ADN yawe hanyuma igasubiza ibisubizo kwa muganga wawe.

4. Kuganira ku bisubizo: Hanyuma, umuganga wawe cyangwa umujyanama mu by’uturemangingo azaganira nawe akagusobanurira icyo ibi bisubizo bivuze.

Ubu hari ibizamini by’uturemangingo byo mu rugo mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe. Ariko, nubwo waba ubona ibisubizo bivuye muri byo, ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga w’umuryango wawe kugira ngo wumve neza amakuru arambuye.

Ni iki twigira ku bisubizo byatanzwe?

Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bikwereka ubwoko (alleles) bwa gene ya APOE ufite.

Ni iki APOE4 positive isobanura?

"APOE4 positive" bivuze ko ufite nibura kopi imwe ya gene ya APOE-e4 muri ADN yawe.

Ni izihe ngorane zo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer niba ufite APOE4?

Hagati ya 15% na 25% by'abatuye isi bafite kopi imwe ya gene ya APOE-e4. Hagati ya 2% na 5% bafite kopi zombi. Kugira kopi imwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer.

Ariko, ndabisubiramo, iki si ikizamini cyemeza ko hari indwara, ahubwo kikubwira gusa ibyago byayo.

Niba ibisubizo byerekanye ko ibyago biri hejuru, muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira gukora ibintu nk'ibi:

• Imyitozo ngororamubiri isanzwe: Gukora imyitozo ituma ubira ibyuya byibuze iminsi mike mu cyumweru.
• Gusinzira neza: Sinzira nibura amasaha 7-8 ku munsi.
• Kubana n'abandi: kumarana umwanya n'inshuti n'abavandimwe, kwitabira ibikorwa byo gusabana.
• Guteza ibibazo ubwonko: Ibintu nko gukemura ibibazo by'amayobera, gusoma ibitabo, kwiga ururimi rushya cyangwa igikoresho cy'umuziki.

Ese kumenya ibi bisubizo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwenge?

Yego rwose. Iyo tumenye ibisubizo by'ikizamini nk'iki cy'uturemangingo, bishobora kutugiraho ingaruka mu buryo bwinshi. Ushobora kumva ufite ubwoba, uhangayitse, cyangwa urakaye. Hari igihe ibisubizo bishobora kutaguha igisubizo gisobanutse neza wari witeze.

Wibuke ko uko uturemangingo twawe twaba turi kose, hari byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer. Inama nziza kuri ibi ni ukuganira na muganga wawe.