Ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni ubuhe? Reka tubimenye mu buryo bworoshye!

Umuntu aramutse akubajije ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe, washobora kumusubiza? Wenda urabizi, wenda ntabwo ubizi. Abantu benshi batekereza ko ubwoko bw'amaraso ari inyuguti nka A, B, O gusa. Ariko mu by'ukuri biragoye cyane kuruta ibyo, kandi ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwacu. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri ubwo bwoko bw'amaraso, byoroshye nko kuvugana n'inshuti.

Ubwo bwoko bw'amaraso mu by'ukuri busobanura iki?

Twese dufite ibice by'ibanze bimwe mu maraso yacu. Ariko amaraso ya buri wese si amwe. Hari ubwoko 8 bw'ingenzi bw'amaraso. Ubwoko bw'amaraso ubona buterwa n'uturemangingo uvukana kuri nyoko na so.

Mu magambo make, amaraso yawe atandukanye n'ay'undi muntu bitewe na poroteyine zidasanzwe ziri ku buso bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura. Mu buvuzi, izi antigens tuzita. Hariho kandi ubundi bwoko bwihariye bwa poroteyine muri plasma, igice cy'amazi cy'amaraso yacu, cyitwa antibody . Ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe bugenwa n'uburyo izo antigens n'abarwanya indwara bihurira.

Amaraso si amazi atukura gusa. Afite ibice byinshi:

• Uturemangingo dutukura: dutwara ogisijeni mu mubiri wose.
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso: Turwanya mikorobe zitera indwara.
• Platelets: Zifasha guhagarika kuva amaraso binyuze mu gukora ibice by'amaraso iyo habayeho imvune.

Ubwoko bw'amaraso bw'ingenzi n'uko ahuye

Reka turebe ubu bwoko 8 bw'amaraso bw'ingenzi n'uburyo buhuye. Uku guhuza ni ingenzi cyane mu gutanga amaraso no kwakira amaraso.

Wibuka icyo navuze ku byerekeye antigens A na B ku buso bw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso? Ni cyo twita sisitemu ya ABO . Byongeye kandi, hari indi antigen y'ingenzi, yitwa Rh factor .

• Niba uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura dufite Rh factor, ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni 'positive' (+) . (Urugero: A+, B+)
• Niba uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura tudafite Rh factor, ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni 'negative' (-) . (Urugero: A-, O-)

Ubwoko 8 bw'ingenzi bw'amaraso bukorwa n'uruvange rwa ABO na Rh.

"Utanga kuri bose" na "Uhabwa inyungu kuri bose"

Iyo urebye ku mbonerahamwe, uzabona ko umuntu ufite amaraso ya O-negative (O-) ashobora gutanga amaraso ku muntu ufite ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'amaraso. Niyo mpamvu ubwoko bwa O- amaraso bwitwa "Uwatanze amaraso ku isi yose." Iyo nta mwanya wo kumenya vuba ubwoko bw'amaraso y'umurwayi, nko mu gihe cy'impanuka, amaraso ya O- akunze gutangwa.

Nanone, umuntu ufite ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa AB (AB+) ashobora kwakira amaraso aturutse ku bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'amaraso. Kubwibyo, ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa AB+ bwitwa "Uwakira ku Isi."

Kuki kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ari ingenzi cyane?

Mu gihe cyashize, mbere ya 1901, abaganga batekerezaga ko abantu bose bafite ubwoko bumwe bw'amaraso. Rero iyo amaraso y'umuntu umwe yahabwaga undi, bamwe bararwaraga cyane bagapfa. Mu 1901, umuhanga mu bya siyansi witwaga Karl Landsteiner yavumbuye ubwo buryo bwo gutera amaraso.

Bigenda bite iyo ubwoko bubiri bw'amaraso budahuye buvanze? Tekereza ko umuntu ufite amaraso yo mu bwoko bwa A ahawe amaraso yo mu bwoko bwa B. Umuntu ufite amaraso yo mu bwoko bwa A afite uturemangingo dutera amaraso yo mu bwoko bwa B. Utwo turemezo twerekana uturemangingo dutera amaraso yo mu bwoko bwa B nk' "umwanzi" maze tugatangira kutwibasira. Ibi bituma uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufatana kandi tugafungana. Ibi byitwa agglutination . Ibi bishobora gutera impyiko kudakora neza, guhungabana, ndetse no gupfa.

Ubwoko bw'amaraso budasanzwe n'ubuzima bwiza

Uretse ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa A, B, na O, hari andi moko y'amaraso amagana adakunze kugaragara cyane. Urugero ni ubwoko bw'amaraso bwa Duffy null . Ibi bikunze kugaragara cyane mu bantu bakomoka muri Afurika no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati. Igitangaje ni uko abantu bafite ubwo bwoko bw'amaraso bafite uburyo bwo kwirinda malariya.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko hari isano iri hagati y’ubwoko bw’amaraso yawe n’indwara zimwe na zimwe. Urugero, abantu bafite ubwoko bw’amaraso A, B, cyangwa AB bivugwa ko bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z’umutima ugereranyije n’abafite ubwoko bw’amaraso O.

Ariko ibuka ibi: Ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ntibivuze ko uzarwara. Ibi ni imibare gusa. Imibereho yawe, imirire yawe, n'imyitozo ngororamubiri bigira ingaruka zikomeye cyane. Nta "ubwoko bw'amaraso bwiza kurusha ubundi." Ubwoko bwose bw'amaraso buringaniye.

Ese 'Indyo yo mu bwoko bw'amaraso' ni ukuri?

Ushobora kuba warumvise iby'"indyo y'ubwoko bw'amaraso." Ni indyo ikurikiza gahunda yihariye y'imirire kuri buri bwoko bw'amaraso. Ariko nta gihamya ya siyansi igaragaza ko ifite akamaro kayo ku buzima. Rero, ikintu cyiza kuri wewe ni ukurya indyo yuzuye. Ni byiza kuganira na muganga wawe kuri iyo ndyo.

Kuki ubwoko bw'amaraso ari ingenzi mu gihe cyo gutwita?

Ni ingenzi cyane kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe mu gihe utwite, cyane cyane Rh factor .

Tekereza ko umubyeyi afite Rh negative (-) , ariko amaraso y'umwana afite Rh negative (+) yakuwe kuri se. Muri iki gihe, umubiri wa nyina ushobora kumenya uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umwana dufite Rh negative nk'"utw'abanyamahanga" maze ugatangira gukora uturemangingo dutera indwara. Iyi ndwara yitwa Rh incompatibility .

Nubwo ibi akenshi bitagira ingaruka ku gutwita kwa mbere, mu gihe cyo gutwita kwa kabiri, uturemangingo tw’umubiri dukorerwa mu mubiri w’umubyeyi dushobora gusenya uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umwana.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kumenya ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe ni ugupimisha amaraso. Niba uri umutanga amaraso, ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe buragaragara ku ikarita uhabwa nyuma yo gutanga amaraso.