Ubwoba n'imihangayiko biza mu mutwe wacu iyo tumenye ko turwaye kanseri ntibishobora kugaragazwa mu magambo. Ariko uyu munsi, hamwe n'ubumenyi buhanitse mu buvuzi, hari uburyo bwinshi buhanitse bwo kuvura no kugenzura kanseri. Uyu munsi, turimo kuvuga ku buryo bwo kuvura ushobora kuba utari warigeze wumva, ariko bufite akamaro cyane. Ubwo buryo bwitwa Brachytherapy. Ubu ni uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire bukoreshwa mu gusenya uturemangingo twa kanseri.
Brachytherapy ni iki?
Muri make, brachytherapy ni ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi bw'imirasire y'imbere mu mubiri ku ndwara ya kanseri. Mu buvuzi busanzwe bw'imirasire, imashini iturutse hanze y'umubiri igeza imirasire kuri kanseri. Ariko ubu buryo buratandukanye.
Aha, igikoresho, nk'imbuto nto, uduce duto, cyangwa uduce duto turimo ibintu bitanga imirasire, kibagwa gishyirwa muri cyangwa hafi cyane yacyo . Tekereza nko kumurika itara rito ry'urumuri iruhande rwacyo. Imirasire iva muri iki gikoresho ijya mu tunyangingo twa kanseri ikatwica.
Akamaro gakomeye hano ni uko imirasire myinshi igera kuri kanseri, mu gihe kwangirika kw'uturemangingo tuzima dukikije kanseri ari gato. Ibi bituma ingaruka mbi zigabanuka.
Hari igihe ubu buryo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa bwonyine. Hari n'igihe bukoreshwa hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura kanseri, nko kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire yo hanze (EBRT) cyangwa kubaga.
Ese hari ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa brachytherapy?
Yego, ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi: implants z'agateganyo n'implants zihoraho. Reka turebe itandukaniro riri hagati yabyo.
| Ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Ibikoresho by'agateganyo | |
| Igipimo cy'umuti uri hasi (LDR) | Muri ubu buryo, igikoresho cy’imirasire gisigara mu mubiri iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 7, gikomeza gutanga imirasire mike. Nyuma y’igihe cyagenwe, muganga akuraho icyo gikoresho. |
| Igipimo cy'umuti ukabije (HDR) | Imirasire myinshi cyane itangwa mu gihe gito, akenshi iminota 10-20. Igikoresho gikurwaho mu mpera ya buri gikorwa cyo kuvurwa. Ubuvuzi bushobora gutangwa kabiri ku munsi mu gihe cy'iminsi 5 cyangwa rimwe mu cyumweru mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 5. |
| Ibiteranyo bihoraho | |
| Gutera imbuto | Muri ubu buryo, imbuto nto zikoresha imirasire zishyirwa burundu muri iki kibyimba. Izi mbuto zitanga imirasire mike mu gihe cy'ibyumweru cyangwa amezi menshi. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, imirasire irashira, imbuto zidakora zikaguma mu mubiri. Ntizikurwaho. |
Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa kanseri ubu bukoreshwa?
Brachytherapy igira akamaro cyane ku ndwara za kanseri zo mu gace runaka zitarakwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Zimwe mu ndwara za kanseri zikunze gukoreshwa muri ubu buryo ni izi:
- Kanseri ya porositate
- Kanseri z'abagore (urugero, kanseri yo mu mura, mu nkondo y'umura, cyangwa mu gitsina)
- Kanseri y'ibere
- Kanseri y'amaso
- Kanseri yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi
Witegura ute mbere yo kuvurwa?
Mbere yuko umuganga wawe aguteganyiriza uburyo bwo kugufasha, azagusuzuma kandi akore amateka y’ubuzima bwawe. Ashobora kandi gukenera gukora ibintu nko gupima amaraso no gupima.
Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza asobanutse neza y'ibyo ugomba gukora mbere yo kuvurwa. Ubusanzwe ushobora gusabwa gukora ibintu nk'ibi:
- Hagarika gufata imiti igira ingaruka ku kubumba kw'amaraso (urugero: imiti igabanya amaraso (anticoagulants), imiti igabanya ububabare nka NSAIDs) igihe gito, nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse.
- Gusukura amara hakoreshejwe enema mbere yo kuvurwa.
- Irinde kurya no kunywa amasaha make mbere yo kujya kwa muganga.
- Guhagarika burundu ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka ku itabi.
Ni ingenzi cyane gukurikiza aya mabwiriza neza.
Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa?
Uburyo bwo kuvura buratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ufite n'ubwoko bwa brachytherapy wahisemo (LDR, HDR, cyangwa burundu). Buratandukanye kandi bitewe n'aho igikoresho cy'imirasire gishyizwe.
- Ubu buryo bukoreshwa muri kanseri ya prostate, kanseri zimwe na zimwe z’abagore, na kanseri zoroshye zo mu ngingo (sarcomas).
- Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu nda: Aha niho igikoresho gishyirwa mu mwobo uri mu mubiri, hafi y'ikibyimba. Ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa muri kanseri z'abagore nka kanseri yo mu mura n'umura.
Uzahabwa ikinya (anesthesia) kugira ngo wirinde kumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose mu gihe cyo kuvurwa. Iyo umaze kumva neza, umuganga w’indwara zo mu maraso azakurikiza izi ntambwe:
1. Gushyiramo catheter cyangwa applicator: Hashyirwamo umuyoboro (catheter) cyangwa igikoresho (applicator) kugira ngo bigeze aho kanseri yanduriye. Ibi bigezwa aho byakorewe neza hakoreshejwe scan.
2. Gushyiramo igikoresho gikoresha imirasire: Hanyuma, igikoresho gikoresha imirasire cyoherezwa binyuze mu muyoboro kijya cyangwa hafi yacyo. Imirasire iva muri iki kibyimba yangiza uturemangingo twa kanseri.
3. Gukuraho igikoresho (ubuvuzi bw'agateganyo gusa): Mu buryo bwa HDR, igikoresho gikurwaho nyuma y'ikizamini kimwe cyo kuvura. Mu buryo bwa LDR, rimwe na rimwe gikurwaho nyuma y'iminsi mike.
Nyuma yo kuvurwa, imiti igabanya ububabare itangwa kugira ngo igabanye ububabare iyo ukuyemo ibintu nka catheter.
Ni izihe nyungu n'igipimo cy'intsinzi y'ubuvuzi?
Brachytherapy ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura kanseri itarakwirakwira.
- Igitero cy’imirasire igamije cyane gifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gusenya uturemangingo twa kanseri.
- Ingaruka mbi ni nkeya kuko nta kwangirika gukabije ku ngingo nzima.
- Igihe cyo gukira ni gito ugereranyije n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura kanseri.
Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bufite akamaro kangana iki?
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko brachytherapy ifite akamaro kanini mu kuvura indwara nka kanseri y'inkondo y'umura na kanseri ya prostate. Hari ubwo ubu buryo bwashoboye gukiza burundu kanseri no kuyirinda kugaruka.
Ariko ikintu kimwe ugomba kwibuka: Si kanseri yose cyangwa umurwayi wese ari kimwe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga wawe no gusobanukirwa neza ibisubizo ushobora kwitega kuri ubu buvuzi bitewe n'imimerere yawe.
Ese hari ingaruka cyangwa ingaruka mbi kuri ubu buvuzi?
Kimwe n'ubundi buryo bwose bwo kuvura, hari ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Ziterwa n'ubwoko bwa kanseri ivurwa n'uburyo bwo kuyivura. Igice cyiza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi ziba iz'igihe gito. Zimwe zishobora kumara igihe kirekire, ariko zishobora gukemurwa.
Ingaruka mbi zisanzwe:
- Kugorwa no kunyara cyangwa kunanirwa kugenzura inkari (`(Kunanirwa kwihagarika inkari)`)
- Kudakora neza kw'intanga ngore
- Inkovu mu gitsina
- Umunaniro
- Kurya impatwe, impiswi, cyangwa kugorwa no kugenzura uburyo amara agenda
- Isesemi no kuruka
Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, ingaruka mbi akenshi ziba ku gice cy'umubiri cyavuwe gusa. Urugero, kuvura prostate bishobora gutera ibibazo byo mu nkari cyangwa mu mara, ariko isesemi ntabwo iba ikomeye cyane.
Umuntu wavuwe n'abandi
Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire?
Igihe cyo gukira nyuma yo kuvurwa kanseri ni gito ugereranije n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura kanseri, nko kubagwa. Bitewe n'imiterere y'ubuvuzi, ushobora kumva umeze neza mu minsi mike cyangwa icyumweru. Ni ngombwa kuruhuka iminsi mike nyuma yo kuvurwa no kwirinda imirimo ivunanye. Subira mu mirimo yawe isanzwe nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse.
Ese ni byiza kuba hafi y'umuntu wavuwe?
Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza.
- Niba warahawe brachytherapy y'agateganyo , nta mirasire izongera kubaho mu mubiri wawe nyuma yo gukuraho igikoresho, bityo nta ngaruka zo gukorana n'abandi.
- Niba warahawe brachytherapy ihoraho (urugero: guterwa imbuto), imirasire mike cyane izava mu mubiri wawe mu gihe cy'ibyumweru cyangwa amezi menshi.
Ariko ntugahangayike. Iyi mirasire igenda intera ngufi cyane hanze y'umubiri. Niyo mpamvu itangiza ingingo nzima zikikije kanseri. Bityo ingaruka ku bandi ni nke cyane. Ariko, nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda , abaganga bakunze kugira inama abagore batwite n'abana bato kwirinda kwegerana igihe kirekire mu ntangiriro.
Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?
Bibwire muganga wawe vuba niba ubonye ibimenyetso bikurikira mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi cyangwa nyuma yabwo:
- Kugorwa no guhumeka cyangwa kumira
- Kuribwa mu nda cyane, kuruka, cyangwa impiswi
- Kudashobora kugenzura inkari cyangwa umwanda
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Brachytherapy ni uburyo bugezweho bwo kuvura bushyira isoko y'imirasire imbere cyangwa hafi cyane y'ikibyimba kugira ngo bwibasire kandi busenye uturemangingo twa kanseri.
- Akamaro gakomeye k'ibi ni uko kwangirika kw'ingingo nzima kugabanuka bityo ingaruka mbi zikagabanuka.
- Ibi bigira akamaro cyane cyane ku ndwara za kanseri zitarakwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
- Hari ubwoko bubiri: ubw'igihe gito n'ubw'igihe cyose. Muganga wawe ni we uzaguhitiramo uburyo bukubereye.
- Nubwo ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho, akenshi zishobora gukemuka kandi zigashyirwa mu gace kavuwe gusa.
- Ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe witonze mbere yo kuvurwa, mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, na nyuma yaho.
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