Ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bijya mu bwonko? Gukangura ubwonko mu buryo bwimbitse (DBS) ni iki? Reka tuganire!

Ese wigeze ubona umuntu ufite amaguru n'amaboko bitigita kandi adashobora kugenda neza, ufite igicuri kitoroshye kugikemura ukoresheje imiti? Cyangwa umuntu urwaye igicuri kidashobora kugikemura nubwo yaba afite imiti? Ntidushobora no kwiyumvisha ukuntu bigoye kubaho muri bene ibyo bibazo. Ariko bitewe n'iterambere rya siyansi y'ubuvuzi, ubu hari uburyo bushya bwo kuvura bushobora gutanga ihumure ku barwayi nk'abo. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga ku bumwe muri ubwo buryo budasanzwe bwo kuvura. Ubwo buryo ni Deep Brain Stimulation, cyangwa DBS treatment mu magambo ahinnye.

Mu magambo make, ni iki gitera imbaraga mu bwonko bwimbitse (DBS)?

Iri zina riteye ubwoba gato, si byo se? Ushobora kuba utekereza uti "Ese ni nko guha ubwonko amashanyarazi?" Mu by'ukuri, bisobanurwa mu buryo bworoshye gutya. DBS ni uburyo bwo kubaga butanga ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bito cyane ku gice cyihariye cy'ubwonko. Nk'uko pacemaker iterwa kugira ngo isubize imikorere myiza y'umutima iyo umutima utari umeze neza, ushobora gutekereza ko iyi ari pacemaker ishyirwa mu bwonko .

Icyo bibaho ni uko insinga nto cyane (zitwa electrodes) zishyirwa mu bwonko aho ikibazo kiri. Insinga zihuzwa n'igikoresho gito gisa na bateri (cyitwa pulse generator) gishyirwa munsi y'uruhu hafi y'igufwa ryawe. Icyo gikoresho cyohereza ibimenyetso bito by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo gikangure uturemangingo tw'ubwonko. Ibi bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bituma ubwonko bwongera gukora neza.

Kuki dukeneye ubu buryo bwo kuvura DBS?

Ubwonko bwacu ni ahantu hatangaje aho uturemangingo tw’imitsi, cyangwa neuron, dukorera hamwe. Utwo tunyangingo tw’imitsi dukorana binyuze mu bimenyetso by’amashanyarazi n’ibinyabutabire. Tekereza ko iyo ushaka kuzamura ukuboko kwawe, ikimenyetso gihuye na cyo kiva mu bwonko kijya mu kuboko binyuze muri uru rusobe rw’utunyangingo tw’imitsi.

Ariko, bitewe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe, imikorere y'izi neuron mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko iragabanuka cyangwa ikaba idahwitse. Hanyuma, imikorere y'umubiri igenzurwa n'icyo gice ntishobora gukorwa neza. Urugero, iyo neuron mu gice kigenzura ingendo idakora neza, ibintu nko gutitira mu maguru no kugorwa no kugenda bishobora kubaho.

Ubuvuzi bwa DBS bukora binyuze mu gutanga ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mu buryo bw'ubukorano kugira ngo busubizeho ubwo buvuzi bw'imitsi idakora. Ibi bishobora gutanga ihumure rikomeye ku bimenyetso. Ariko, abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga neza uko ibi bibaho.

Ni izihe ndwara zivurwa neza na DBS?

Ubuvuzi bwa DBS bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye zijyanye n'imikorere y'ubwonko. Muri izi ndwara, ubu buvuzi bwagaragaye ko bufite akamaro cyane. Reka turebere hamwe ibyo ari byo.

Ni iki kibaho mbere yo kubagwa?

Niba uhisemo kubagwa DBS, hari intambwe nyinshi ugomba gutera kugira ngo witegure.

1. Kuganira na muganga: Ubwa mbere, muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibyiza byose, ibibi, n'ingaruka z'ubu buryo bwo kubagwa. Iki ni cyo gihe cyiza cyo kubona ibisubizo by'ibibazo byawe byose.

2. Ibizamini by'ubuvuzi: Ibizamini byinshi, nka MRI na CT scan, bikorerwa kugira ngo harebwe niba umubiri wawe umeze neza muri ubu bubagizi. Umuganga ubaga akoresha amashusho yo muri ubu buhanga kugira ngo amenye ahantu heza ho gushyira electrode mu bwonko bwawe.

3. Kumenya imiti: Ugomba kubwira muganga wawe imiti iyo ari yo yose urimo gufata, cyane cyane imiti igabanya amaraso. Ashobora kukugira inama yo guhagarika gufata imiti imwe n'imwe igihe runaka mbere yo kubagwa. Ntugahagarike gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose utabanje kuvugana na muganga wawe.

4. Kwiyiriza ubusa: Kubera ko kubagwa bizakorwa hakoreshejwe ikinya rusange, uzagirwa inama yo kwirinda kurya no kunywa amasaha make mbere yo kubagwa (kwiyiriza ubusa).

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo kubagwa?

Ubuvuzi bwa DBS ntabwo ari ukubaga rimwe gusa. Ubusanzwe ni ukubaga inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu mu minsi itandukanye.

Intambwe ya mbere: Gushyira electrodes mu bwonko

Uku ni ukubaga kw'ingenzi cyane.

• Ubwa mbere, umusatsi wawe wogoshwa. Hanyuma, umutwe wawe ushyirwa mu gitereko cyihariye kugira ngo ugume udatuje. Uhabwa umuti utuma wumva umeze nk'ufite isereri, bityo ntuzabyibuka.
• Hanyuma, hakorwa isuzuma rya CT kugira ngo hamenyekane inzira ikwiye yo gushyiramo electrode.
• Umuganga ubaga atera imiti yo kuvura umutwe n'agahanga, hanyuma agatobora umwobo muto cyane mu gahanga.
• Muri iki gihe, cyane cyane niba uvura indwara zo mu mutwe nka Parkinson,Ushobora gukanguka. Ntugatinye ibi. Ntuzumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose, kuko ubwonko bwacu budafite ubushobozi bwo kubona ububabare mu buryo butaziguye .
• Mu gihe uri maso, muganga azagusaba gukora utuntu duto. Urugero, subiza ibibazo, reba amafoto, kandi wimure amaboko n'amaguru. Ibi ni ukugira ngo urebe neza ko electrodes ziri ahantu heza ku bwonko bwawe.
• Iyo electrode imaze gushyirwaho neza, impera yagaragaye ishyirwa munsi y'uruhu inyuma y'umutwe hanyuma igapfukwa by'agateganyo n'igitambaro cya pulasitiki. Hanyuma icyuho kiradodwa. Ubusanzwe urara mu bitaro ijoro ryose kandi ushobora gutaha umunsi ukurikiyeho.

Intambwe ya Kabiri: Gushyiramo imashini itera impumuro

Ubusanzwe ubu buvuzi bukorwa ku munsi utandukanye nyuma y'uko ubazwe bwa mbere. Uzaterwa ikinya burundu.

• Umuganga ubaga akuramo agace gato k'uruhu rwawe munsi y'igufwa ryawe.
• Ahantu hato (agafuka) hakorwa munsi y'uruhu hanyuma icyuma gitanga impumuro, kimeze nk'ibati, gishyirwamo.
• Hanyuma, urundi rusinga (insinga yo kwagura) runyuzwa munsi y'uruhu ruvuye kuri electrode iri ku mutwe kugira ngo ruhuzwe n'iyi generator y'ingufu.
• Ibi byose birahujwe kandi icyuho cyaradodewe. Kubera ko ubu ari ukubaga kworoshye, ushobora gutaha uwo munsi.

Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo kubagwa?

Nyuma yo kubagwa, igice cy'ingenzi gitangira: gutegura porogaramu y'igikoresho .

Nyuma y'ibyumweru bike nyuma yo kubagwa, muganga wawe azaguhamagara. Icyo gihe ni bwo icyuma gitanga impumuro y'umutima kizafungurwa kandi kigashyirwaho porogaramu.

Ibi ni nko gushyira radiyo ku murongo runaka. Ugomba guhindura imiterere y'ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo utange ubutabazi bwinshi ku bimenyetso byawe no kugabanya ingaruka mbi. Ibi bishobora gusaba kujya kwa muganga inshuro nyinshi.

Bateri ziri muri izi moteri zitanga umuvuduko w'amaraso (pulse generators) akenshi zimara imyaka 3-5. Zimwe zishobora kongera gusharijwa, kandi zishobora kumara imyaka 9. Guhindura bateri nabyo bisaba kubagwa gato, ariko biroroshye cyane kurusha kubagwa kwa mbere.

Ni izihe nyungu zo kuvura DBS?

• Uburyo bwiza ku barwayi badashobora kugenzurwa n'imiti: DBS ni icyizere gikomeye cy'ubuzima mu gihe imiti idakora cyangwa ingaruka mbi z'imiti zidashoboka. Binafasha kugabanya ingano y'imiti ku barwayi ba Parkinson.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura bwahinduye ubuzima: Ku muntu utashoboraga gukora imirimo yoroheje bitewe n'ibimenyetso bikomeye, ni ikintu cyiza kongera gukora akazi ke wenyine.
• Ishobora guhindurwa: Iyo imiterere yawe ihindutse uko igihe kigenda gihita, ushobora guhindura imiterere ya pulse generator kugira ngo ihuze.
• Bishobora gusubizwa inyuma:Niba ubu buryo bwo kuvura butakubereye mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, cyangwa niba ugize ingaruka mbi zidashira, igikoresho gishobora gukurwaho burundu mu bundi buryo bwo kubaga.

Ese nta ngaruka cyangwa ingorane biri muri ubu buvuzi?

Nkuko bigenda mu kubaga kose, kubaga DBS bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Muganga wawe azabigusobanurira birambuye.

Igihe cyo gukira n'ibintu ugomba kumenya

Bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi kugira ngo umuntu akire neza nyuma yo kubagwa. Muri iki gihe, ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga witonze.

• Kuruhuka: Irinde gukora ibintu biremereye mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri nyuma yo kubagwa byombi. Ntugaterure ikintu kirenze ibiro 2.5.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Irinde gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa gukora akazi gakomeye mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 4-6.
• Witondere: Irinde kuzamura amaboko yawe iminsi mike nyuma yo gushyiramo icyuma gitanga umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Gukomeza igisebe gisukuye: Gumisha ibikomere ku mutwe no ku gituza bisukuye kandi byumutse. Hindura ipfundikizo nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse. Koresha isukura ryoroheje nk'isabune y'abana mu gihe woga. Ntugakubite igisebe.

Igihe cyo kubonana na muganga ako kanya

Kubera ko DBS ari ukubaga ubwonko, ugomba kumenya neza ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe by'umuburo. Niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya, cyangwa ujye mu bitaro bikuru byihutirwa (ETU) biri hafi yawe.

Ibindi bibazo bikunze kugaragara kuri DBS

Ese ntashobora gukoresha ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga niba mfite DBS?

Ubusanzwe, ibikoresho byo mu rugo nka mikoroonde, mudasobwa, na telefoni zigendanwa ntabwo biteza ikibazo. Ariko, ibikoresho bipima ibyuma ku bibuga by'indege n'ibikoresho birwanya ubujura mu maduka amwe na amwe bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri iki gikoresho. Muganga azaguha ikarita yihariye yo gukoresha muri bene ibyo bihe.

Icy'ingenzi kurushaho: Nyuma yo guterwa igikoresho cya DBS, ibizamini n'ubuvuzi nka MRI scans, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), na diathermy ntibishobora gukorwa.

Ese DBS ikiza burundu indwara?

Oya. DBS si umuti, ni umuti . Ikoreshwa mu kurwanya ibimenyetso. Indwara nyinshi zivurwa n'ubu buryo ni ubuzima bwose.

Ese nshobora guhagarika gufata imiti nyuma yo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe (DBS)?

Ushobora kugabanya urugero rw'imiti ufata, ariko ntibikunze kubaho kuyihagarika burundu. Ubuvuzi bwa DBS burakora neza cyane iyo bukoreshejwe hamwe n'imiti n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.