"Sinzi niba ndimo kurwara diyabete..." Ese wigeze ugira ubwoba cyangwa ikibazo nk'iki? Ni ibisanzwe kumva umeze utyo iyo wumva ibintu nko kwihagarika kenshi, kugira inyota nyinshi, no kugabanya ibiro nta mpamvu. Ariko ntugatinye. Mbere yuko utangira kwiyumvisha indwara mu mutwe wawe bitewe nuko umuntu avuze ikintu, reka tuvuge uburyo bwo kwemeza indwara ya diyabete mu buryo bw'abaganga. Ibi bizaguha gusobanukirwa neza.
Ni ibihe bipimo by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma diyabete?
Muri make, diyabete ni indwara aho urugero rw'isukari (glucose) mu maraso yacu ruri hejuru y'ibisanzwe. Rero, hakorwa ibizamini byinshi by'amaraso kugira ngo harebwe niba ufite ibi cyangwa udafite. Hari igihe muganga wawe ashobora kutanyurwa n'ikizamini kimwe gusa, bityo akaba ashaka gukora ikindi kizamini kugira ngo yemeze. Reka turebe ibyo bizamini.
1. Ikizamini cya Glucose yo mu maraso (FPG) cyo kwiyiriza ubusa
Iki ni cyo kizamini gikunze kugaragara cyane. Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, ibi bisaba ko wiyiriza ubusa nibura amasaha 8 mbere yo gutanga ikizamini cy'amaraso. Nta kibazo kunywa amazi make. Iki kizamini gikunze gukorwa nyuma ya saa sita na mu gitondo gikurikiyeho. Ibisubizo biroroshye cyane kubisobanura.
2. Ikizamini cyo kwihanganira isukari mu kanwa (OGTT)
Iki kizamini ni cyoroshye kurusha FPG, bivuze ko gishobora no kumenya diyabete itaratangira. Ariko bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo gikorwe.
Ibi ni byo bibaho:
- Ubwa mbere, wiyiriza ubusa byibuze amasaha 8 hanyuma ugatanga ikizamini cy'amaraso (nk'uko bimeze kuri FPG).
- Hanyuma, uzahabwa amazi yihariye afite garama 75 za glucose ivanze mu mazi kugira ngo unywe.
- Nyuma y'amasaha 2 gusa yo kuyinywa, hafatwa andi maraso.
Icyemezo gifatwa hasuzumwa urugero rw'isukari muri izi ngero ebyiri z'amaraso. Iki kizamini cya OGTT nacyo gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita. Ariko, gisaba gufata amaraso inshuro nyinshi mu masaha menshi.
3. Isuzuma rya glucose mu maraso ritunguranye
Iki kizamini ntacyo gitwaye niba uri kwiyiriza ubusa cyangwa urya. Amaraso afatwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umunsi kugira ngo harebwe urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe. Ariko, iki kizamini cyonyine nticyemeza diyabete. Iyo umuntu ufite ibimenyetso bigaragara bya diyabete (nko kunyara kenshi, kugira inyota nyinshi) afite urugero rw'isukari mu maraso ruri hejuru cyane kuri iki kizamini, muganga azategeka ko hakorwa ikizamini cya FPG cyangwa OGTT kugira ngo yemeze ko arwaye.
4. Isuzuma mpuzandengo ry'amezi 3 (Hemoglobin A1c - HbA1c)
Iki ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane. Ntigipima isukari mu maraso yawe icyarimwe. Ni impuzandengo y'uburyo isukari mu maraso yawe yagenzuwe neza mu mezi 2-3 ashize.Ibi nibyo ubona. Ntabwo ukeneye kwiyiriza ubusa kuri ibi. Ushobora kubikora igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umunsi. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu gusuzuma diyabete, ndetse no gukurikirana uburyo umuntu usanzwe arwaye diyabete agenzurwa.
Igikuru ni ukudashingira gusa ku bisubizo by'ibi bizamini, ahubwo ni ukuganira na muganga wawe kuri ibyo no gukurikiza inama ze.
Ni gute wasobanukirwa ibisubizo by'ibizamini?
Noneho reka turebe icyo agaciro k'ibi bizamini kavuze. Ushobora kubyibonera ubwawe urebye kuri izi mbonerahamwe.
| Gusuzuma diyabete n'indwara ya diyabete itaratangira | |
|---|---|
| Izina ry'ikizamini | Ibisubizo (mg/dL cyangwa %) |
| Urwego rwiza (rusanzwe) | |
| HbA1c | Munsi ya 5.7% |
| Glucose yo mu maraso yiyiriza ubusa (FPG) | Munsi ya 100 mg/dL |
| Ikizamini cyo kwihanganira isukari mu kanwa (OGTT) - Nyuma y'amasaha 2 | Munsi ya 140 mg/dL |
| Prediabetes - ikintu gishobora gutera ibyago | |
| HbA1c | Hagati ya 5.7% na 6.4% |
| Glucose yo mu maraso yiyiriza ubusa (FPG) | Hagati ya 100 mg/dL na 125 mg/dL |
| Ikizamini cyo kwihanganira isukari mu kanwa (OGTT) - Nyuma y'amasaha 2 | Hagati ya 140 mg/dL na 199 mg/dL |
| Yasuzumwe na Diyabete* | |
| HbA1c | 6.5% cyangwa birenga |
| Glucose yo mu maraso yiyiriza ubusa (FPG) | 126 mg/dL cyangwa irenga |
| Ikizamini cyo kwihanganira isukari mu kanwa (OGTT) - Nyuma y'amasaha 2 | 200 mg/dL cyangwa irenga |
| Indwara ya glucose mu maraso idasanzwe + ibimenyetso | 200 mg/dL cyangwa irenga |
*Icyitonderwa: Ubusanzwe, iyo habonetse agaciro gakomeye mu kizamini kimwe, muganga azabyemeza akora ikindi kizamini ku wundi munsi.
Wamenya ute niba iyi ari Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere?
Abantu benshi barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Ariko hari abantu bamwe, cyane cyane abakiri bato n'abana, bashobora kurwara diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1. Impamvu n'uburyo bwo kuvura ubu bwoko bubiri biratandukanye. Rero, nyuma yo kumenyekana ko urwaye diyabete, niba ukeka ko urwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka ibizamini byihariye.
- Ikizamini cya Autoantibody: Muri diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu bwibasira uturemangingo two mu ipanjisi dukora insuline. Iki kizamini gishakisha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (`autoantibodies`) mu maraso bwibasira iyi ndwara.
- Ikizamini cya C-peptide: Iki gipimo gipima ingano ya insuline pancreas yacu ikora. Mu bwoko bwa `Type 1`, ikorwa rya insuline riba rike cyane cyangwa rigahagarara burundu.
- Ikizamini cya Ketones mu nkari:Iyo insuline ibuze, umubiri ntushobora gukoresha isukari mu gutanga ingufu. Hanyuma umubiri utwika ibinure kugira ngo ubone ingufu. Muri iki gikorwa, aside yitwa 'Ketones' irakorwa. Kubisuzuma mu nkari bishobora gufasha gusuzuma 'Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1'.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Diyabete si indwara yo gutinya cyangwa gutekereza. Hari ibizamini by’ubuvuzi bigaragara neza bishobora kubyemeza neza.
- `Prediabete` ni ikimenyetso cy'umuburo. Iyo uhinduye imibereho yawe (imirire, imyitozo ngororamubiri) muri iki gihe, ushobora gukumira cyangwa gutinza indwara ya diyabete yuzuye.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya diyabete, ntubyirengagize kandi nta kabuza ujye kwa muganga.
- Ntugahangayike niba ikizamini kimwe kigaragaje agaciro kari hejuru gato. Muganga wawe azagutegeka ikindi kizamini kugira ngo abyemeze.
- Iyo ufashwe diyabete, ntabwo ari iherezo ry'ubuzima bwawe. Ni umwanya wo gutekereza ku buzima bwawe mu buryo bushya no kubucunga neza. Ukurikije inama z'abaganga, ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza.
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