Iyo wumvise ijambo VIH, ushobora kumva ufite ubwoba kandi ukagira ubwoba. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ariko aho kugira ubwoba no kwihisha, icy'ingenzi ni ukuba ufite amakuru ahagije no kwita ku buzima bwawe. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuganire ku cyo gupimwa virusi itera SIDA ari cyo, uburyo bwo kuyibona, n'impamvu ari ingenzi, mu buryo bworoshye cyane ushobora gusobanukirwa.
Reka tubanze turebe, iki gipimo cya virusi itera SIDA ni iki?
Mu magambo make, ikizamini cya virusi itera SIDA gisuzuma niba ufite virusi yitwa VIH (Virusi itera SIDA) mu mubiri wawe. VIH ni indwara yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Iyi virusi yibasira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu, burwanya indwara. Hanyuma ubushobozi bw'umubiri wacu bwo kurwanya indwara buragabanuka buhoro buhoro.
Abantu benshi batekereza ko nurwara agakoko gatera SIDA, nta kabuza uzarwara SIDA (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) . Ariko si ko bimeze. Nubwo waba waranduye agakoko gatera SIDA, iyo umenyeshejwe ko urwaye kare kandi ugahabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye, ushobora kwirinda ko gatera SIDA yandura. Ushobora kandi kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi busanzwe. Niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi cyane kwipimisha agakoko gatera SIDA. Uko umenya vuba ko ufite ubwandu, ni ko utangira kuvurwa vuba no gukomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe.
Ibipimo bya virusi itera SIDA ubu birageze ku rwego rwo hejuru kugira ngo umenye neza iyi virusi, bityo ushobora kwizera ibisubizo.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibizamini byo gupima virusi itera SIDA?
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'ibipimo byo gusuzuma virusi itera SIDA. Ibi bipimo bishobora gukoresha icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe (yaba umutsi cyangwa urutoki) cyangwa icyitegererezo cy'amazi yo mu kanwa. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.
| Ubwoko bw'ikizamini | Ubona iki muri ibi? | Ingingo z'ingenzi |
|---|---|---|
| Ikizamini cya aside y'ingirabuzimafatizo (NAT) | Ibi bigenzura mu buryo butaziguye niba virusi (HIV RNA) iri mu maraso. Bishobora kandi kugenzura ingano ya virusi mu maraso (umubare wa virusi). | Iki ni cyo kizamini gishobora gupima ubwandu vuba. Ariko kirahenze gato. Akenshi ntigikorwa mbere. Kikorwa iyo hari ibimenyetso cyangwa niba ukeneye kwemeza ubwandu. |
| Ikizamini cy'irwanya indwara/Antibody | Aho kureba virusi, ireba ibintu bibiri bifitanye isano na virusi. Kimwe ni antigen . Iki ni igice cya virusi ubwayo (p24) gikangura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri iyo virusi yinjiye mu mubiri. Icya kabiri ni antibody . Iyi ni poroteyine idasanzwe umubiri wacu ukora kugira ngo urwanye virusi. | Iki kizamini gikunze gukorwa mbere. Kubera ko antigens zigaragara mu maraso mbere y’uko haboneka antibody, ubwandu bushobora gufatwa hakiri kare. |
| Ikizamini cy'Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri | Ibi bireba gusa niba umubiri wacu ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri burwanya virusi itera SIDA. | Ibizamini byinshi byihuse n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo biri muri iki cyiciro. Ariko, kubera ko bifata igihe kugira ngo uturemangingo tw’umubiri dukore, ntabwo bigaragara mu minsi mike nyuma yo kwandura. |
Igikuru ni uko niba ikizamini cyawe cya mbere cyerekanye ko ufite agakoko gatera SIDA (wanduye), uzakenera gukora ikizamini kimwe cyangwa byinshi kugira ngo wemeze ko ari cyo.
Ni nde ugomba kwipimisha agakoko gatera SIDA kandi ryari?
Dukurikije inama z'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima, abantu bose bari hagati y'imyaka 15 na 65 bagomba kwipimisha virusi itera SIDA nibura rimwe mu buzima bwabo . Kubera ko ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA bushobora kugaragara mu ntangiriro z'ubuzima bwabo. Kubwibyo, kwipimisha ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kumenya niba ufite virusi. Binagufasha kwirinda kwanduza abandi virusi utabizi.
Byongeye kandi, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye no ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura, ni byiza ko bapimwa kenshi.
Gusuzuma kenshi abantu bafite ibyago byinshi
Agakoko gatera SIDA kandurira ahanini mu mibonano mpuzabitsina no mu guhererekanya amazi n'amaraso yanduye. Kubwibyo, niba uri mu itsinda rikurikira ry’abantu bashobora kwandura, ni byiza kwipimisha nibura rimwe mu mwaka .
- Niba ukoranye imibonano mpuzabitsina (udakoresheje ingamba zo kwirinda nka agakingirizo) n'umuntu wanduye agakoko gatera SIDA.
- Niba utazi neza uko umukunzi wawe ahagaze ku cyorezo cya SIDA.
- Niba ufite abakunzi benshi mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.
- Niba abagabo bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abagabo.
- Niba ufite indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STI) zitari virusi itera SIDA (kuko ibyago byo kwandura virusi itera SIDA biba byinshi).
- Niba usangiye inshinge n'abandi kugira ngo mutere ibiyobyabwenge.
Ni byiza gusaba muganga wawe inama ku nshuro ugomba kwipimisha bitewe n'ingaruka ufite.
By’umwihariko ibuka: Niba warakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, jya kwa muganga ako kanya kandi uganire ku buryo bw’ubuvuzi bwitwa HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) . Iyi ni imiti itangwa mu rwego rwo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA niba hari ukeka ko wahuye na yo. Ariko kugira ngo ubu buryo bugire akamaro, bugomba gutangira mu masaha 72 nyuma y’uko ibyabaye bibaye.
gupima agakoko gatera SIDA mu gihe utwite
Birasabwa cyane kwipimisha agakoko gatera SIDA mu gihe utwite. Ibi biterwa nuko agakoko gatera SIDA gashobora kwanduzwa umubyeyi akiri mu nda, mu gihe cyo kubyara, cyangwa mu gihe cyo konsa. Bityo rero, ni ngombwa cyane kwipimisha mu mezi atatu ya mbere yo gutwita. Iyo agakoko gatera SIDA kagaragaye, imiti ishobora gutangira mu gihe utwite kandi umwana ashobora kwirindwa burundu kwanduza nyina agakoko.
Ni hehe napimisha agakoko gatera SIDA muri Sri Lanka?
Niba ushaka kwipimisha agakoko gatera SIDA, hari ahantu henshi muri Sri Lanka ho kubikora.
- Ibitaro n'amavuriro bya leta: Ushobora kubibaza mu bitaro cyangwa ivuriro rya leta riri hafi yawe.
- Amavuriro ya Porogaramu y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Indwara zandura mu Nmibonano mpuzabitsina/SIDA (NSACP): Aya mavuriro, aherereye ku rwego rw'uturere twose muri Sri Lanka, atanga serivisi zo gupima no gutanga ubujyanama ku buntu kandi mu ibanga ku buntu .
- Ibitaro byigenga na laboratwari: Hari ibitaro byigenga nabyo bishobora gukora iki kizamini ku giciro runaka.
Icy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi: Reka twige ku "Igihe cy'Idirishya"
Iki ni ikintu abantu benshi badasobanukiwe neza, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya. VIH ntishobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ikizamini ikimara kwinjira mu mubiri. Bifata igihe runaka kugira ngo virusi igere ku rwego rworoshye kuyimenya. Igihe kiri hagati y'umunsi wahuye n'iyi virusi n'umunsi ishobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ikizamini ni cyo twita "igihe cyo kugaragara".
Iyo wipimishije muri iki gihe, ibisubizo bishobora kugaruka ari "Negative" nubwo waba wanduye iyi virusi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kumenya niba upimisha mu gihe gikwiye.
| Ubwoko bw'ikizamini | Bishobora kugaragara nyuma y'igihe kingana iki? (igihe cy'ubwandu) |
|---|---|
| Ikizamini cya aside y'ingirabuzimafatizo (NAT) | Hagati y'iminsi 10 na 33 nyuma yo guhura n'ikiyobyabwenge. |
| Ikizamini cy'irwanya indwara/Antibody | Iyo amaraso afashwe mu mutsi, amara hagati y'iminsi 18 na 45 . Iyo ufashe amaraso mu rutoki, bizatwara iminsi iri hagati ya 18 na 90 . |
| Ikizamini cy’umubiri urwanya indwara (ibizamini byihuse) | Hagati y'iminsi 23 na 90 nyuma yo guhura n'iki cyorezo. |
Ibi bivuze ko iyo upimye nyuma y'iminsi mike nyuma y'impanuka maze ukagaruka uti "Ntabwo ari ukuri 100%. Niba ufite gushidikanya, ni byiza kongera gupima nyuma y'uko igihe cyo gusuzuma kirangiye kugira ngo byemezwe.
Reka tumenye ibisubizo nyuma y'ikizamini.
Ibisubizo by'ikizamini bishobora kuba "negative" cyangwa "positive".
Niba igisubizo ari "Negative"...
Ibi bivuze ko ikizamini kitagaragaje ko hari virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri wawe. Ibi bishobora gusobanura ibintu bibiri:
1. Ntabwo wanduye agakoko gatera SIDA.
2. Kubera ko wapimwe mu gihe cyo kugaragara kw'indwara, nta virusi ihagije ihari mu mubiri kugira ngo uyibone.
Niba rero ugifite gushidikanya, ongera upime nyuma y’uko igihe cyo kuvura kirangiye, nk’uko byavuzwe mbere.
Nubwo ibisubizo byaba ari bibi, ni ngombwa gufata ingamba zo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA mu gihe kizaza. Ibi birimo gukoresha uburyo bwizewe nka agakingirizo no kwirinda imyitwarire mibi mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Niba uri mu itsinda ry’abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura,Vugana na muganga wawe ibijyanye na PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) , ikinini cya buri munsi kirinda kwandura agakoko gatera SIDA.
Niba igisubizo ari "Kiza"...
Mbere ya byose, ntugire ubwoba . Igisubizo cyiza si iherezo ry'ubuzima bwawe. Bisobanura ko ufite virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri wawe. Ariko ugomba gukora ibindi bipimo bike kugira ngo wemeze ibi.
Niba wemejwe ko wanduye agakoko gatera SIDA, muganga wawe azagutangira gahunda yo kuvura. Iyi miti, yitwa ART (antiretroviral therapy), ishobora kugenzura virusi mu mubiri wawe, igakomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, kandi ikaguha amahirwe yo kubaho ubuzima burambye kandi bufite ubuzima bwiza.
Uburyo bwo kuvura muri iki gihe burateye imbere cyane ku buryo virusi iri mu maraso y'umuntu ufata imiti ishobora kugabanuka ku buryo idashobora kugaragara, ndetse no mu bipimo. Ingaruka zo kwanduzanya virusi kuva ku muntu umwe ijya ku wundi ziri hafi ya zeru.
Ni inshingano zawe kandi kumenyesha uwo mwashakanye ibyo uryamana na we no kumupimisha. Muganga wawe n'abajyanama bawe bazaguha ubuyobozi bukenewe n'ubufasha bwo mu mutwe kuri ibi byose.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kwipimisha agakoko gatera SIDA nta mpamvu yo gutinya. Ni intambwe nziza yo gutera kugira ngo wite ku buzima bwawe.
- Ni ngombwa ko buri wese uri hagati y'imyaka 15-65 yipimisha agakoko gatera SIDA nibura rimwe mu buzima bwe. Niba uri mu kaga, jya wipimisha buri gihe.
- Iyo virusi itera SIDA imenyekanye kare, niko amahirwe yo kuvurwa no kubaho neza aba menshi.
- Menya neza ko witaye ku "igihe cyo kugerageza" mu gihe urimo gukora ikizamini. Niba ushidikanya, ongera upime nyuma yuko igihe cyo kugerageza kirangiye.
- Kuba waranduye agakoko gatera SIDA si iherezo ry'ubuzima bwawe. Ukoresheje uburyo bwo kuvura bugezweho bw'iki gihe, ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, bufite ubuzima bwiza kandi burambye.
- Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya kuri ibi, vugana na muganga wawe.
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