Ese wumva amajwi asanzwe cyane? Reka tuvuge kuri ibi (Hyperacusis)!

Ese hari igihe usanga amajwi asanzwe wumva buri munsi, amajwi abandi batitaho, ari menshi cyane kandi ababaza? Nk'aho hari umuntu wongereye ijwi cyane. Niba ari uko bimeze, iyi nkuru izaba ingenzi cyane kuri wewe. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri ubu bwoko bw'indwara. Muri siyansi y'ubuvuzi, ibi byitwa (Hyperacusis) cyangwa hypersensitivity ku majwi.

Hyperacusis ni iki?

Mu magambo make, hyperacusis ni indwara yo kutumva ikunze kugaragara. Ni indwara aho amajwi asanzwe yumvikana n'abandi aba menshi cyane, rimwe na rimwe akababara, ku muntu ufite iyo ndwara. Hari n'abantu bayita "kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira amajwi," cyangwa DST. Tekereza nawe, ubusanzwe twumva amajwi atandukanye ku rwego rutandukanye. Ariko ku muntu ufite hyperacusis, byose bisa nkaho ijwi ryiyongereye kugeza ku rugero ntarengwa.

Dore amajwi amwe twumva mu buzima bwa buri munsi, ariko ashobora kugora umuntu urwaye hyperacusis kwihanganira:

• Urusaku rw'abantu bavuga.
• Urusaku rwa moteri y'imodoka ikora.
• Urusaku rw'amazi arimo gufunguka mu gikoni.
• Ijwi rivuzwa iyo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu rugo bifunguye (urugero: blender, vacuum cleaner).
• Ijwi ry'umuntu uhindura amapaji y'igitabo cyangwa ikinyamakuru.
• Ndetse n'izindi mvugo zidasobanutse neza cyane zivuga gutya.

Ibi bishobora no kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Ushobora kugira ibintu nko guhora urakaye no kubura amahoro. (Hyperacusis) ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mibanire yawe n'abandi. Hari n'abantu birinda ibikorwa byo gusabana kugira ngo birinde urusaku rwinshi.

Hyperacusis ikunze kubaho hamwe na tinnitus . Tinnitus ni uburyo umuntu yumva amajwi atandukanye mu matwi (urugero: gucuranga, gucuranga ifirimbi, gukanda, gutontoma), ibyo bikaba bifitanye isano no kubura amatwi. Ariko, si ko indwara zose za hyperacusis ziba zirimo tinnitus cyangwa kubura amatwi.

Iyi ndwara (Hyperacusis) ikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri, abaganga ntibaramenya byinshi kuri hyperacusis. Kimwe mu bintu batazi ni uburyo ikunze kugaragara. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko hagati ya 3.2% na 17.1% by’abana n’urubyiruko bashobora kuba bafite hyperacusis. Mu bantu bakuru, igipimo kiri hagati ya 8% na 15.2% .

Ariko biragoye kuvuga neza uburyo ikunze kugaragara. Kubera ko abantu barwaye hyperacusis basobanura ibimenyetso byabo bitewe n'ibyo banyuzemo, bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Nanone, nta buryo bumwe bwemewe na bose bwo gusuzuma cyangwa gupima hyperacusis. Abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga kuri hyperacusis, n'umubare w'abantu bayirwaye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya hyperacusis?

Niba ufite hyperacusis, amajwi asanzwe ku bandi ashobora kugorana, kutabyihanganira, kubabaza, ndetse no kugutera ubwoba .Uru rusaku rushobora kumvikana nk'aho ari ikibazo gito, cyangwa rushobora kumvikana nk'aho urimo gutakaza uburimbane bwawe, cyangwa rushobora kuba rukomeye cyane ku buryo rushobora gutera indwara yitwa "seizures".

Izindi bimenyetso zishobora kugaragara harimo:

• Irimo gucuranga mu matwi yawe.
• Kubabara ugutwi.
• Kumva ufite igitutu cyangwa wuzuye mu matwi (nk'uko wumva umeze mbere yuko amatwi yawe "akubita" mu ndege).

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe no ku mibereho yawe. Guhora uhura n'urusaku rudashimishije kandi rudashimishije bishobora gutera indwara nk'izi:

• Guhangayika.
• Kwiheba.
• Ibibazo mu mibanire.
• Kwigunga mu bandi no kwirinda ibikorwa byo gusabana.

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kwiyongera iyo ufite stress , unaniwe , cyangwa niba ugomba kujya ahantu witeze ko hari urusaku rudashira.

Kuki ibi (Hyperacusis) bibaho? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Abashakashatsi baracyagerageza kumenya neza icyatera hyperacusis. Birashoboka ko ibice by'ubwonko bwacu bigenzura uburyo tubona ibintu birimo gutuma amajwi arushaho kwiyongera. Iyo hyperacusis igeze, ubwonko bwawe bumva amajwi neza hatitawe ku nshuro yabyo, byaba biri hasi (nk'inkuba), hagati (nk'ijwi ry'umuntu), cyangwa hejuru (nk'ijwi ry'umuriri cyangwa ifirimbi).

Hari ibitekerezo bitandukanye kuri ibi. Inyigisho imwe ni uko hyperacusis ishobora guterwa no kwangirika kw'ibice by'imitsi yacu yo kumva . Imitsi yo kumva itwara amajwi ava mu gutwi kwacu imbere ikayajyana mu bwonko, ari naho twumva. Indi nyigisho ni uko hyperacusis ishobora guterwa no kwangirika kw'imitsi yo mu maso . Imitsi yo mu maso igenzura imitsi ya stapedius mu gutwi kwacu, ikaba ari yo igenzura ijwi. Indwara nyinshi zifitanye isano na hyperacusis (urugero: Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Lyme disease) nazo zishobora kwangiza imitsi yo mu maso.

Ariko, nta mpamvu n'imwe ibaho ifata abantu bose barwaye hyperacusis. Ahubwo, byahujwe n'ibintu bitandukanye n'uburwayi bishobora kuyitera.

Mu bintu bigira ingaruka harimo:

• Kugaragara mu majwi menshi igihe kirekire: Hyperacusis ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bantu bahora bumva umuziki mwinshi igihe kirekire, nk'abacuranzi ba Rock, cyangwa abakora ahantu harangwa n'urusaku rwinshi, nk'abubatsi.
• Guhura n'urusaku rwinshi mu buryo butunguranye: Hari abantu bagira hyperacusis nyuma yo kumva urusaku rutunguranye, nk'urusaku rw'amasasu cyangwa ibishashi by'umuriro.

Hyperacusis ikunze kugaragara hamwe n’indwara nka tinnitus (kugeza kuri 86%) na Williams syndrome (kugeza kuri 90%). Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abanduye hyperacusis nabo bafite ikibazo cy’imyitwarire nk’imihangayiko.

Indwara zishobora kuba zifitanye isano na hyperacusis:

• Guhangayika
• Ubushobozi bwo kwifata (autisme)`
• Indwara ya Bell
• Ihungabana
• Indwara ya Down
• Indwara zo mu matwi (urugero: otitis media)
• Ibikomere byo mu mutwe
• Indwara ya Lyme
• Indwara ya Meniere
• Indwara zo mu mutwe
• Indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y'ihungabana (PTSD)
• Indwara ya Ramsay Hunt
• Indwara yo Kubura Imiyoboro y'Ingufu (SCDS)
• Indwara y'ingingo ifata igihe gito (Temporomandibular joint syndrome - TMJ)
• Kumva ijwi rituje
• Indwara ya Williams

Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bya hyperacusis nyuma yo kubagwa cyangwa nk'ingaruka z'imiti imwe n'imwe.

Wamenya ute ko ufite hyperacusis?

Bishobora kugorana gusuzuma, kuko abavuzi bose atari bo bazi indwara ya hyperacusis. Ushobora gukenera kubonana n'inzobere mu matwi, amazuru, no mu muhogo (ENT specialist) cyangwa umuganga w'amatwi kugira ngo bagufashe gusuzuma ikibazo.

Gusuzuma indwara bishobora kuba bikubiyemo:

• Amateka y'ubuvuzi: Umuganga wawe azasuzuma ibintu bishobora kugutera ibyago, nk'ibibazo by'ubuzima mu myitwarire (nk'imihangayiko cyangwa kwiheba), kugaragara mu rusaku rwinshi, cyangwa kwangirika k'amatwi yawe.
• Isuzuma: Bazasuzuma ibibazo byose by’imiterere y’amatwi yawe bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’indwara yawe ya hyperacusis. Bashobora gukora ibizamini nka tympanometry kugira ngo barebe uko ingoma y’amatwi yawe igenda. Bashobora kandi gusuzuma imitsi yo mu mutwe kugira ngo barebe niba hari ibibazo ku mikorere y’imitsi yo mu maso yawe.
• Ibizamini byo kumva: Ibizamini byo kumva bikoreshwa mu kumenya urwego rw'amatwi yawe. Bishobora kandi gusuzuma urwego rw'amajwi yawe agoye kumva (LDL) . LDL yerekana urwego utangira kumva amajwi menshi cyane ku buryo udashobora kumva. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kugusaba kuzuza ikibazo cy'amatwi yawe kugira ngo asuzume uburyo hyperacusis yawe ikugiraho ingaruka zikomeye. Ibi bibazo bizagaragaza uburyo hyperacusis yawe ibangamira ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko hyperacusis yawe iterwa n'ikibazo cy'imiterere y'umubiri, nko kurwara imitsi yo mu maso, ashobora gutegeka ko hakorwa isuzuma.Ushobora kandi guhabwa akazi ko muri laboratwari niba ukeka ko hyperacusis yawe iterwa n'indwara nk'indwara ya Lyme.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura hyperacusis?

Nta buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura hyperacusis. Ahubwo, ubusanzwe uburyo bwo kuvura bwibanda ku kugabanya ibimenyetso by'umubiri no kwigisha uburyo bwo gufasha guhangana n'umuvuduko wo mu mutwe uterwa na hyperacusis. Ubu buryo bukubiyemo:

• Ubuvuzi bw'amajwi: Intego ni ukugushyira mu kaga gahoro gahoro (kandi mu mutekano) urusaku rwinshi, amaherezo rukakugeza ku rwego ushobora kwihanganira. Ubwa mbere, uhura n'amajwi meza kandi afite imbaraga nke. Mu byumweru bike, ijwi riragenda ryiyongera buhoro buhoro, bigatuma umenyera urwego rwo hejuru.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT): CBT yigisha abantu uburyo bwo guhangana n'imihangayiko n'amarangamutima mabi ajyanye n'urusaku rwinshi. Ibi bishobora gufasha kugabanya ubwoba n'imihangayiko bifitanye isano na hyperacusis. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko CBT ishobora kongera urusaku rwa LDL (lipoprotein iri hasi cyane) ku bantu bafite hyperacusis.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura tinnitus (TRT): Nubwo TRT ikoreshwa mu kuvura tinnitus, ishobora no gukoreshwa mu kuvura hyperacusis. TRT ikubiyemo kwigisha abarwayi ibijyanye n'uburwayi bwabo, ubujyanama, n'ubuvuzi bw'amajwi. Muri TRT, wumva ijwi rituje ryitwa "urusaku rw'umutuku" ukoresheje ecouteur zihariye. Urusaku rw'umutuku rusa n'urusaku rw'imvura cyangwa umuyaga. Urusaku rw'umutuku rutuma habaho ahantu hatuje kandi hashobora kugaragara neza, ku buryo amajwi yashoboraga kukubangamira adateye agahinda.
• Kubaga: Kugira ngo uvure hyperacusis ifitanye isano n'indwara yo mu maso, muganga wawe ashobora kubaga amadirishya akikije kandi akagira uruziga . Ubu buvuzi bukoresha ingirangingo ziri inyuma y'ugutwi kwawe kugira ngo zifashe amagufwa ( ossicles ) yo mu gutwi kwawe imbere, bifasha mu kugenzura ubukana bw'ijwi. Ubu buvuzi bushobora kongera urugero rwa LDL.

Ese Hyperacusis ishobora gukira burundu?

Nta muti wihariye w’indwara ya hyperacusis, ariko bitewe n’impamvu, ibimenyetso byawe bishobora kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Urugero, hyperacusis nyuma yo kubagwa ishobora kugenda nyuma yo gukira nyuma yo kubagwa. Abantu barwaye indwara ya Ménière bashobora kubona ibimenyetso bya hyperacusis bigabanuka uko indwara ikomeza kwiyongera.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe ubana n'iki kibazo?

Abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi n'abashakashatsi mu by'ubuvuzi baracyakora ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z'igihe kirekire za hyperacusis. Ku bantu benshi, hyperacusis ni indwara y'igihe kirekire biga kuyikemura binyuze mu kuvura. Ku bandi, ibimenyetso birashira nyuma yo kubagwa cyangwa iyo indwara yavuwe.

Ni ryari ngomba kubonana na muganga?

Abantu benshi bafite ibimenyetso bya hyperacusis babanza kugerageza gukumira urusaku rubegereye bambaye utumashini two mu matwi cyangwa utumashini two mu matwi. Bashobora kandi kwirinda guterana. Ariko ibi bintu bishobora gutuma ibintu birushaho kuba bibi. Abantu bakoresha utumashini two mu matwi cyangwa utumashini two mu matwi bashobora gusanga urusaku rurushijeho gukomera nyuma yo kubikuramo. Kwigunga mu bandi bishobora guteza cyangwa bikarushaho kwiyongera ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.

Ntugerageze kwicungira ibimenyetso byawe wenyine. Ahubwo, gana muganga niba ufite ibimenyetso bya hyperacusis. Bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo umenye neza icyateye ikibazo, ariko hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha.

Ese Hyperacusis ni indwara yo mu mutwe?

Oya, hyperacusis si indwara yo mu mutwe. Hyperacusis ni indwara yo kutumva. Ariko, ikunze kujyana n'indwara zo mu mutwe nko guhangayika no kwiheba. Kubaho n'urusaku rwinshi, ari na byo biranga hyperacusis, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Gutinya kumva urusaku, ndetse no kwigunga kugira ngo urinde amatwi yawe, bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bya hyperacusis birushaho kwiyongera.

Niba wumva amajwi asa n'aho ari menshi cyane ku buryo utabasha kuyakira, gana muganga. Kugerageza gukumira urusaku ukoresheje ecouteur cyangwa utumashini two mu matwi duhagarika urusaku bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso byawe birushaho kwiyongera mu gihe kirekire. Bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo umenye icyateye iyo ndwara, ariko hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha. Ubuvuzi bw'amajwi n'ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire yo mu mutwe (CBT) byagaragaye ko bifasha abantu bafite indwara ya hyperacusis guhangana n'ibimenyetso byabo. Niba hyperacusis iterwa n'indwara runaka, kuvura nabyo bishobora gufasha.

None se, ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka?

Noneho reka turebe bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka kuri iyi hyperacusis:

• Hyperacusis ni indwara aho n'amajwi asanzwe aba menshi cyane ku buryo udashobora kwihanganira. Ntabwo ari wowe ubyitwaramo nabi.
• Iyi si indwara yo mu mutwe, ariko ishobora no kujyana n'ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe (nk'imihangayiko no kwiheba).
• Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora kubaho, kandi rimwe na rimwe biragoye kubona impamvu runaka.
• Kugerageza kugabanya urusaku ukoresheje ibintu nk'udupira two mu matwi gusa bishobora gutuma ibintu birushaho kuba bibi.
• Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, menya neza ko wagisha inama kwa muganga. Reba inzobere mu matwi, amazuru, no mu muhogo cyangwa umuganga w’amatwi.
• Hari uburyo bwo kuvura buhari. Ibintu nk'ubuvuzi bw'amajwi n'ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire yo mu mutwe (CBT) bishobora kugufasha kwihanganira iyi ndwara.
• Nturi wenyine. Ntutinye kuvuga kuri ibi no gusaba ubufasha.

Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi ufite ubu burwayi, nyamuneka shaka inama kwa muganga. Tukwifurije gukira vuba!

` Hyperacusis, kumva urusaku, indwara zo mu matwi, urusaku rwinshi, tinnitus, kubura amatwi, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe