Reka twige ibijyanye no gupima imitsi. Ese nawe wayikenera?

Ese wigeze wumva ibyerekeye 'Gupima Imitsi'? Wenda wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi wabwiwe na muganga kubikora. Ni iki koko? Kuki bikorwa? Reka tubiganireho mu magambo yoroshye, kugira ngo ubyumve. Nta mpamvu yo gutinya, akenshi bikorwa kugira ngo bigufashe kumenya neza ikibazo cyawe.

Kuvura imitsi ni iki?

Muri make, gusuzuma imitsi ni uburyo bwo gufata agace gato cyane k'umubiri kavanwa mu mitsi yawe, ni ukuvuga mu mitsi yo mu mubiri wawe, kagasuzumwa. Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo bamenye niba ufite indwara runaka (`myopathies`) zigira ingaruka ku mitsi yawe. Muganga yohereza icyitegererezo cy'imitsi yo mu magufwa muri laboratwari. Aho ngaho, bagisuzuma bakoresheje mikorosikopi kugira ngo barebe niba hari ibintu bidasanzwe cyangwa ibibazo. Ni nko gukata igitambaro no kugenzura niba imitsi ari myiza cyangwa itari myiza.

Ni ryari nkeneye gupimwa imitsi?

Tekereza ko umaze igihe wumva ufite intege nke mu mitsi yawe, cyangwa imitsi yawe irimo kubabara, kubabara, cyangwa ufite ibindi bimenyetso bidasanzwe (ibimenyetso bya 'myopathy'). Hanyuma muganga ashobora kukubwira ko ugomba kubazwa iyi biopsy. Ariko ntibazabikora ako kanya.

Abaganga basanzwe bakora ibindi bizamini bike mbere na mbere:

• Ibizamini by'umubiri n'iby'imitsi : Uzasuzumwa neza kugira ngo urebe uko uturemangingo tw'imitsi yawe dukora.
• Ibipimo by'amaraso : Urugero, ikizamini kireba enzyme yitwa creatine kinase, cyangwa ikizamini cya genetiki gishobora gukorwa.
• Ibizamini byo gupima : Ibintu nka MRI scan na CT scan.
• Inyigo zo kuyobora imitsi n'amashanyarazi (EMG) : Ibi bireba uburyo ubutumwa bunyura hagati y'imitsi n'imitsi yawe, n'uko bikora.

Nubwo hari ubwo ibi bizamini, hari igihe impamvu nyayo y’indwara idashobora kumenyekana. Icyo gihe ni bwo abaganga bategeka ko imitsi ipimwa kugira ngo bamenye amakuru arambuye kandi bamenye neza indwara .

Ushobora gukenera gupimwa imitsi niba muganga wawe akeka ko ufite imwe muri izi ndwara zikurikira:

• Kurwara imitsi : Ingero zirimo Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, na myotonic dystrophy.
• Indwara za parasite : Indwara nka trichinose na toxoplasmose zigira ingaruka ku mitsi yawe.
• Indwara z'imitsi ziterwa no kubyimba: nka polymyositis na dermatomyositis.
• Miyopathie y'imikorere y'umubiri : Urugero, indwara ya Pompe n'izindi ndwara zo kubika glycogen.
• Myopathies zo mu nda : Indwara zibaho mu gihe cyo kuvuka, nka nemaline myopathy.
• Indwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa n'uburozi : Indwara zishobora kubaho iyo umuntu afashe imiti imwe n'imwe igihe kirekire, urugero nka steroid cyangwa statine.

Ni iyihe mitsi isanzwe itoranywa kugira ngo habeho isuzuma ry’umubiri (biopsy)?

Ubusanzwe iyi biopsy ifatwa muri imwe mu mitsi myinshi yihariye mu mubiri wawe. Isanzwe cyane ni iyi:

• Imitsi ya Quadriceps : Itsinda rinini ry'imitsi iri imbere y'ikibero cyawe.
• Deltoid : Imitsi ihuza imbere, uruhande, n'inyuma by'urutugu rwawe.
• Bicep : Imitsi iri imbere y'ukuboko kwawe ko hejuru, hagati y'urutugu n'inkokora.

Muganga azashaka kumenya neza ko imitsi yatoranijwe kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri biopsy idakomeye cyane cyangwa ko ifite ibindi bimenyetso. Ariko, muganga azashaka kandi kwemeza ko imitsi idakomeye cyane, idaherutse guterwa inshinge, cyangwa ko yakomeretse. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo bya biopsy kandi bishobora kudatanga amakuru nyayo.

Ni gute nakwitegura gukora biopsy y'imitsi?

Muganga wawe azagusobanurira neza uburyo bwo gukora biopsy kandi aguhe amabwiriza y'uko wakwitegura. Ni ngombwa cyane gukurikiza aya mabwiriza neza. Niba hari ikintu udasobanukiwe cyangwa ufite ikibazo, ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe.

Muri rusange, ugomba kwitondera ibi bintu:

• Niba warigeze guterwa inshinge z'imitsi, gupimwa imitsi nka EMG, cyangwa se gukomereka kw'imitsi yawe mu mezi atandatu ashize, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga wawe.
• Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira guhagarika gufata imiti igabanya amaraso nka aspirine iminsi mike mbere yo gupimwa kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo byo kuva amaraso. Ariko, ni byiza kutareka gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose kugeza igihe muganga wawe abikubwiye.
• Ushobora gusabwa kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha make mbere yo kubagwa, utariye cyangwa ngo unywe ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose (usibye amazi).
• Niba uhawe ikiruhuko cyangwa ikinya rusange muri iki gikorwa, uzakenera umuntu uzagutwara mu rugo nyuma yo kubagwa.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gupima imitsi?

Intambwe zo gukora biopsy y'imitsi ziratandukanye gato bitewe n'uburyo bwakoreshejwe. Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi: biopsy "ifunguye" na biopsy "y'urushinge". Uko byagenda kose, wowe (cyangwa umwana wawe) ushobora guhabwa "agahenge" cyangwa "agahenge rusange" mbere y'uko ubikora.

Uburyo bwo gukora biopsy y'imitsi ifunguye

Intambwe zo gupima imitsi ifunguye ubusanzwe ni izi zikurikira:

• Muganga abanza gusukura neza aho hakorewe isuku akoresheje umuti wica udukoko.
• Hanyuma, umuti ugabanya ububabare uterwa muri ako gace, bityo ntuzumva ububabare ubwo hazaba hakozwe icyuho.
• Hanyuma, hazakorwa icyuho gifite uburebure bwa santimetero 4 kugeza kuri 6 mu ruhu rwawe.
• Muganga azatandukanya uruhu rwawe, urwego rw'ibinure ruri munsi y'uruhu (ibinure biri munsi y'uruhu), n'ururabo rutwikiriye imitsi (fascia y'imitsi - igice cy'umubiri), hanyuma akomeze ku mitsi iri munsi.
• Kuva aho, hacibwa urugero ruto rw'imitsi.
• Hanyuma muganga yongera gufunga ururenda rw'imitsi n'uruhu akoresheje imisumari.
• Igikomere gitwikiriwe n'imiti n'udupfundikizo n'ijipo.

Uburyo bwo gukora biopsy y'imitsi y'urushinge

Intambwe zo gupima imitsi y'urushinge akenshi ni izi zikurikira:

• Muganga abanza gusukura aho igikorwa cyo gusuzuma kizakorerwa akoresheje umuti wica udukoko.
• Hanyuma bagutera ikinyabutabire cyo mu gace runaka, kugira ngo utazagira ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose mu gihe cyo kubagwa.
• Muganga azagukata agace gato cyane ku ruhu rwawe.
• Hanyuma, igikoresho cyihariye cyo gupima urushinge gishyirwamo binyuze mu gace gato k'isukari. Ubusanzwe ibi bingana n'ikaramu.
• Imashini ikoresha ultrasound (ultrasound imaging) ikoreshwa mu kuyobora iki gikoresho neza ku mitsi.
• Hanyuma muganga akoresha igikoresho kugira ngo ace uduce duto tw’imitsi. Ubusanzwe, hafatwa ingero zigera kuri 3 cyangwa 4.
• Nyuma yo gukuraho ingano ikenewe y'uruti, igikoresho kirakurwaho, gishyirwa ku gice cy'umubiri igihe gito kugira ngo amaraso ahagarike, umuti ushyirwa ku gikomere, hanyuma agapfundikizo n'udutambaro birapfukwa.

Ibi bibabaza bingana iki?

Iyo ukorewe iyi biopsy ukoresheje anesthesia rusange, ntabwo uzumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose. Iyo ubikorewe ukoresheje anesthesia yo mu gace runaka, ububabare buzaba buke, cyangwa se ntibubeho. Ariko, ushobora kumva urimo gukanda cyangwa gukururwa gato.

Nyuma yo gukorerwa isuzuma, ushobora kumva ububabare buto aho isuzuma ryakorewe mu gihe cy'iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu. Cyane cyane niba warakorewe isuzuma, aho hantu hashobora kubabara mu gihe cy'icyumweru kimwe. Hashobora no kuba hari udusebe hirya no hino aho isuzuma ryakorewe.

Ni byiza kubaza muganga wawe icyo wakora ku bubabare n'ubwoko bw'imiti wafata.

Ni iki kibaho nyuma yo gukorerwa biopsy?

Niba warahawe ikinya cyangwa ikinya rusange, uzajyanwa mu cyumba cyo gukira igihe gito nyuma yo kubagwa. Uzagumayo kugeza igihe ingaruka z'imiti zirangiye. Hanyuma ushobora gutaha, ariko ugomba gusaba undi muntu kugutwara mu rugo. Muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza y'uko wakwita ku gikomere cyafashwe.

Muganga akoresha imiti yihariye kugira ngo akonjeshe vuba icyitegererezo cy'imitsi cyafashwe muri biopsy (`flash freeze`). Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo ingingo zigume zimeze neza kandi zikwiriye gusuzumwa. Hanyuma byoherezwa muri laboratwari. Hari ``inzobere mu ndwara z’imitsi``. Azasuzuma icyitegererezo neza akoresheje mikorosikopi. Hari igihe inzobere izakora ibindi bizamini kuri icyo cyitegererezo. Urugero, bazakoresha amarangi yihariye (``amabara``) cyangwa barebe niba hari ``antibodies`` zimwe na zimwe.

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa no gupima imitsi?

Ingorane ziterwa no gupimwa imitsi ni gake cyane. Ariko hari ibintu bike bishobora kubaho mu bihe bidasanzwe:

• Kwandura igikomere.
• Imitsi inyura mu gisebe (`hernia y'imitsi`).
• Gufungura igikomere nyuma y'uko imishumi ifungutse.
• Gukomereka mu buryo butunguranye ni ukwangiza imitsi yawe, imitsi, cyangwa imitsi y'amaraso bitagambiriwe.

Inkovu ishobora kuguma aho bapimye. Inkovu z'uruhu za bamwe zoroshye kurusha izindi.

Ni ryari nzakira raporo?

Nyuma yo gupimwa, gutegereza ibisubizo ni cyo kintu kigoye cyane. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira uburyo n'igihe uzabonera raporo. Bishobora gufata iminsi mike, cyangwa bigatwara icyumweru kirenga. Niba raporo itagarutse ku itariki muganga wawe yabivuzeho, ongera uhamagare muganga wawe umubaze.

Raporo ivuga iki kuri iki?

Raporo y’ibipimo by’imitsi ikubiyemo ibisobanuro birambuye ku miterere y’imitsi yafashwe. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ibintu nka:

• Ibintu nk'imiterere y'imitsi (ni ukuvuga uturemangingo tw'imitsi), uburyo ifite ubuzima bwiza, n' "imyaka" yayo.
• Ibisobanuro birambuye ku zindi selile ziri muri iyo selile, urugero, selile z'imitsi (neurons).
• Ibintu nk'ububyimbirwe, indwara zitameze neza za mitochondrial, indwara zitameze neza za glycogen na lipide.

Muganga wawe azagusobanurira birambuye ibiri muri iyi raporo n'icyo bivuze.

Hari igihe, biopsy ishobora kugaragara nk'isanzwe, cyangwa hakabaho ibimenyetso bito cyane by'indwara. Muri iki gihe, rimwe na rimwe byitwa "myopathy itazwi." Ibi biterwa nuko biopsy ishobora kuba itarabonye agace nyako k'indwara, cyangwa indwara ishobora kuba ikiri mu ntangiriro. Ibi nibibaho, ushobora kongera gukora biopsy y'imitsi.

Niba hari ikibazo kuri raporo, ni iki uzakora nyuma yaho?

Ibisubizo by'isuzuma ry'imitsi akenshi bishobora kugaragaza indwara runaka y'imitsi (`myopathy`).

Niba ufashwe n'indwara runaka, muganga wawe azagusobanurira kandi akakubwira icyo ugomba gukora nyuma yaho. Muzategura gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikubereye. Ntugahangayike, muganga wawe azagufasha.

Ni ryari ugomba kuvugana na muganga?

Niba ubonye kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira bigaragaza ko aho wakorewe isuzuma rya biopsy handuye, ugomba guhita uhamagara muganga wawe:

• Kubyimba hafi y'igisebe, gutukura, cyangwa guhinduka ibara ry'uruhu ni ibisanzwe.
• Uruhu rukikije igikomere rusa n'urushyushye kurusha ahandi hantu.
• Amashyira cyangwa andi mazi ava mu gikomere (`Amashyira cyangwa amazi`).
• Kurwara umuriro.
• Kumva unaniwe cyane (`Umunaniro`).

Ese isuzuma ry'imitsi rishobora gusuzuma MS (Multiple Sclerosis)?

Ubusanzwe, gupima imitsi ntibikoreshwa mu kwemeza ko umuntu yanduye MS (Multiple Sclerosis). Ariko, muganga ashobora gusaba ko iyi biopsy ikoreshwa kugira ngo agaragaze izindi ndwara zisa n'iz'MS.

Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba no guhangayika iyo umenye ko ukeneye gukorerwa biopsy y'imitsi. Kandi ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba mu gihe utegereje ibisubizo. Muganga wawe azaba azi ingaruka zose zishobora guterwa n'iyi biopsy, bityo ntutinye kubaza ibibazo ushobora kuba ufite. Niba raporo yawe ya biopsy igaragaza ko hari ikintu kitagenda neza, gerageza kubifata nk'intambwe ya mbere mu rugendo rwawe rwo gukira. Muganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo afate ibyemezo by'ingenzi ku buzima bwawe.

Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi cyane dukwiye kujyana muri iyi nkuru?

Yego, ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ugomba kuzirikana mu byo twavuze ni uko gusuzuma imitsi ari ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane gifasha gusuzuma neza ikibazo cyangwa indwara iri mu mitsi yawe.

Ibi bishobora kugutera ubwoba gato. Ariko bishobora kugufasha kubona igisubizo nyacyo no gutangira ubuvuzi bukwiye. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge, menya neza ko ubiganiriyeho na muganga wawe. Wibuke ko iyi ari intambwe y'ingenzi mu gusobanukirwa indwara yawe no kuyifata neza.

` Kureba imitsi, Kureba imitsi, indwara ya myopathy, intege nke z'imitsi, indwara z'imitsi, gusuzuma indwara, ibizamini by'ubuvuzi, kubagwa