Umwana wawe arakuze ubu, sibyo? Ni gute wava mu buvuzi bw'abana ukajya mu buvuzi bw'abantu bakuru?

Igihe kirahita, si byo se? Ushobora kuba wibuka umunsi wajyanye umwana wawe kwa muganga w'abana bwa mbere. Ariko, abana bacu bato ntibaguma ari bato iteka ryose. Igihe kirageze ngo umwana wawe ahindukire ajye mu buvuzi bw'abantu bakuru. Iri hinduka rishobora kuba rinini kuri wowe no ku mwana wawe. Ariko ntugahangayike, nitwitegura neza, iyi ishobora kuba ihinduka ryiza mu gihe cy'ubukure.

Urashaka gufasha umwana wawe muto kubona umuganga mushya?

Iyo abana bakuze, ni ukuvuga iyo bageze mu kigero cy’imyaka mike, bashobora kubona umuganga uvura abantu bakuru. Tubita Umuganga w’ibanze (PCP) . Mu by’ukuri, hari ubwoko butandukanye bw’abaganga:

• Umuganga w’indwara z’imbere mu mubiri cyangwa inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi bw’imbere mu mubiri - Aba ni abantu bahawe amahugurwa yihariye mu kuvura indwara z’abantu bakuru.
• Umuganga w’umuryango - Aba baganga bavura umuryango wose, kuva ku bana bato kugeza ku bakuru. Niba rero umwana wawe ashobora kubonana n’umuganga umwe kuva akiri muto, ni byiza cyane.
• Umuganga Mukuru (GP) - Aba bantu bavura indwara nyinshi zisanzwe.

Mu gihugu cyacu, abaganga b'abana bakunze kuvura abana bavutse gusa n'abana kugeza igihe cy'ubugimbi. Ariko, iyi myaka ntarengwa ntabwo ari imwe mu mavuriro yose y'abana. Hari aho batabona abana nyuma y'imyaka 18, ahandi bashobora gutegereza igihe gito. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubaza umwana wawe w'umwana ibi akimara kugera mu bugimbi.

Urugero, niba udafite umuganga w’umuryango utekereza ko umwana wawe agomba kubonana na we, cyangwa niba umwana wawe afite indwara idakira isaba ubufasha bw’inzobere mu by’abantu bakuru, saba muganga w’abana wawe ubu kugira ngo aguhe serivisi . Ashobora kuguha inama ku muganga w’inzobere mwiza mu by’abantu bakuru.

Hari igihe, niba umwana wawe afite indwara idakunze kugaragara , ubumuga, cyangwa indwara itangira mu bana (indwara itangira mu bwana) , bishobora kugorana kubona umuganga w’inzobere cyangwa inzobere uvura abantu bakuru. Ibi biterwa nuko ugomba gushaka umuganga ufite ubushake n’uburambe mu kuvura abana bafite izi ndwara zikomeye. Kubwibyo, ni byiza gutangira gushaka abaganga nk’abo hakiri kare, umwana wawe akiri muto.

Ikindi kintu, ushobora kugerageza umuhanga mushya mu gihe cy'igerageza.Baza niba ushobora guha umwana wawe amahirwe yo guhura nawe. Hanyuma, vugana n'umuganga w'abana w'umwana wawe muganire uko ubu buvuzi bushya bugenda, uko ibintu bigenda, n'ibindi. Ha iyi gahunda yose umwanya uhagije. Hanyuma, niba hari ikintu kitagenda neza, umwana wawe azabasha kubonana n'umuganga we w'abana w'umwana kugeza igihe uzabona umuganga mukuru mwiza kandi uhuza.

Reka tugufashe guhitamo ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bukwiye umwana wawe.

Noneho reka tuvuge ku bwishingizi bw'ubuzima. Niba umwana wawe atunzwe n'ubwishingizi bwawe bw'ubuzima, nk'uko biteganywa n'Itegeko ry'Ubuvuzi Buciriritse (ACA) , umwana wawe ashobora kwitabwaho kugeza ku myaka 26. Ntacyo bitwaye niba umwana ari mu mashuri makuru, aba mu rugo, akora, cyangwa yarashatse. Bashobora kwitabwaho n'ubwishingizi bwawe. Mu gihugu cyacu, aya mategeko ashobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'ikigo cy'ubwishingizi, ndetse n'ubwishingizi. Kubwibyo, ni byiza kubaza ikigo cyawe cy'ubwishingizi kuri ibi.

Niba umwana wawe atungwa n'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bushingiye ku kazi, ubwo bwishingizi bukunze kurangira iyo umwana yujuje imyaka 26. Kubwibyo, ugomba gutangira gushaka ubwishingizi bushya mbere y'iyo tariki. Niba ufite ubwishingizi binyuze muri sisitemu nka ACA Health Insurance Marketplace, nko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ushobora kugumana ubwo bwishingizi kugeza ku ya 31 Ukuboza umwaka umwana wawe yujuje imyaka 26. Ibintu mu gihugu cyacu bishobora kuba bitandukanye, bityo soma witonze amabwiriza ya polisi y'ubwishingizi bwawe.

Ni ubuhe bwishingizi bw'umwana?

Ibigo byinshi bitanga ubwishingizi bw'ubuvuzi bw'amatsinda nk'igice cy'inyungu z'abakozi babo. Ibi byemerera abakozi guhindura gahunda yabo. Bishobora kuba birimo ibintu nko kwita ku menyo, kwita ku maso, kwita ku byihutirwa, no kwita ku buvuzi busanzwe . Hashobora kandi kuba hari ikintu cyitwa ubwishingizi bw'ubumuga bw'igihe kirekire . Iyi ni inyungu z'ubuvuzi ubona iyo udashobora gukora igihe kirekire. Ariko, ibi biza ku kiguzi cy'inyongera.

Niba ufite ubwishingizi binyuze ku mukoresha wawe, ni ukuvuga binyuze aho ukorera, umwana wawe azishyura ibi bikurikira:

• Amafaranga y'ubwishingizi ya buri kwezi - Aya ni yo mafaranga ugomba kwishyura buri kwezi kugira ngo ukomeze kwishingira.
• Amafaranga yo kwishyura hamwe n'ayo kwishyura mu mufuka ni amafaranga wishyura abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi, nk'abaganga n'amafarumasi. Aya ni igice cy'amafaranga ya muganga cyangwa ikiguzi cy'imiti wishyura mu mufuka wawe.

Tekereza ko umwana wawe mukuru atagifite ubwishingizi bwawe, kandi ntafite ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima binyuze muri gahunda y'umukoresha we cyangwa uwo bashakanye. Niba ari uko bimeze, ashobora kuba yemerewe ubwishingizi hakurikijwe gahunda yitwa COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) . Iri ni itegeko rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika risaba amasosiyete yose y'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima kongera by'agateganyo ubwishingizi kuri gahunda z'amatsinda yabo kugeza ku mezi 36 ku bantu bari basanzwe batunze.

COBRA ntabwo iba gusa. Umwana wawe agomba kuyisaba. Nanone, ugomba kuyisaba vuba kuko igihe cyo kwemererwa ni gito. Ariko wibuke ko bizagutwara amafaranga arenze ayo wishyuye buri kwezi nk'umuntu utunze kuri gahunda yawe.

Nubwo nta buryo bwihariye bwa COBRA buhari mu gihugu cyacu, amwe mu masosiyete y'ubwishingizi ashobora gutanga gahunda zitandukanye nk'ibisubizo kuri ibyo bibazo. Rero, reba nabyo.

Ubundi buryo ni uguhitamo ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bw'umuntu ku giti cye binyuze muri Marketplace kuri HealthCare.gov muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Gahunda nyinshi zishingiye ku mushahara w'umwana wawe mukuru. Ziterwa inkunga kugira ngo zirusheho kugabanuka. Mu gihugu cyacu, ushobora kandi kubona ubwishingizi bw'umuntu ku giti cye binyuze mu bigo by'ubwishingizi byigenga. Ushobora kumenya byinshi kuri zo muri buri sosiyete.

Ibintu byo kuzirikana by'umwihariko

Hari imanza zidasanzwe, kandi ni byiza ko tuzimenya.

Muri rusange, amasosiyete y'ubwishingizi ntashobora kwanga ubwishingizi cyangwa kwishyuza amafaranga menshi umuntu ufite indwara yari isanzweho (iri ni itegeko mu bihugu byinshi, kandi rishobora gutandukana bitewe n'amabwiriza y'ubwishingizi bwawe, bityo rero baza ibi igihe ubonye ubwishingizi bwawe). Niba umwana wawe afite ubuvuzi bwihariye , ubwishingizi bwawe bushobora kugira ingingo yihariye ku bana bakuru bafite ubumuga . Ibi byemerera abana bakuru bafite ubumuga kuguma kuri gahunda y'ababyeyi babo nta mbogamizi. Reba niba sosiyete yawe y'ubwishingizi itanga ibi.

Abana bakuru bafite ubumuga bashobora kwishyurwa binyuze muri gahunda za leta nka Medicaid niba amafaranga binjiza adahagije kugira ngo yishyure ikiguzi cya serivisi z'ubuvuzi, cyangwa niba bujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo babone inyungu nka Supplemental Security Income (SSI) nko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Mu gihugu cyacu, Minisiteri y'Imibereho Myiza itanga inyungu zitandukanye n'ubufasha ku bantu bafite ubumuga. Ushobora kandi kubireba.

Ubwishingizi bw'Abafite Ubumuga bw'Ubwishingizi bw'Imibereho Myiza (SSDI) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni ubw'abafite ubumuga mbere y'imyaka 22.Ushobora kandi kuba wemerewe guhabwa SSDI. Izi mfashanyo zihabwa abana bafite ubumuga ababyeyi babo bishyuye mu bwishingizi bw'izabukuru mu buzima bwabo bwose bw'akazi. Niba ababyeyi bapfuye, bari mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, cyangwa se bakaba banahabwa inkunga y'ubumuga, abo bana nabo bashobora kuba bemerewe guhabwa izi mfashanyo. Nyuma y'amezi 24 ya SSDI, bashobora kandi kuba bemerewe guhabwa Medicare, gahunda y'ubwishingizi ya leta ya Amerika.

Muri Sri Lanka, hari kandi gahunda nka Employees Provident Fund (EPF) na Employees Trust Fund (ETF) zitanga inyungu zimwe na zimwe ku buvuzi bumwe na bumwe. Ni ngombwa kandi kwibuka ko serivisi nyinshi ziboneka ku buntu cyangwa ku giciro gito binyuze mu bitaro bya leta.

Ni gute wafasha umwana wawe muto kuba umurwayi wita ku bibazo bye?

Ubuvuzi bw'abantu bakuru bushingiye ku nshingano z'umurwayi . Ibyo bivuze ko kuva ku gufata gahunda kugeza ku kumva muganga kugeza ku gufata imiti yawe ku gihe ari inshingano zawe. Iyo nshingano ijyana no kugenzura . Bityo, umwana wawe ni we ufata ibyemezo bye byose by'ubuvuzi. Kandi afite uburenganzira bwo kugira ibanga ku makuru ye yose y'ubuvuzi. Keretse niba ahisemo kuyasangira nawe, ntuzamenya ayo makuru. Ibi bishobora kuba bishya gato, kuko igihe yari akiri muto, byose byakunyuze.

Tekereza umukobwa wawe cyangwa umuhungu wawe agiye kwa muganga wenyine. Agomba kuba ashobora gusubiza ibibazo bya muganga no gusobanura neza impungenge ze. Agomba kandi kumenya neza ko yumvise kandi agakurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga.

Uko ugenda ukura, ni ngombwa gusangiza amakuru yawe y'ubuvuzi buri mukozi wese wita ku buzima ubonye. Ibi birimo indwara zabanje, kubagwa, imiti, n'inkingo. Nanone, menya neza ko wabwiye muganga wawe niba ufite ubwivumbure ku miti cyangwa amateka y'umuryango wawe y'indwara nka kanseri cyangwa indwara z'umutima. Aya makuru azafasha muganga wawe gusuzuma neza no gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza.

Bwira umukobwa wawe cyangwa umuhungu wawe kubika kopi z'inyandiko ze zose z'ubuvuzi, ndetse n'urutonde rw'imiti rugezweho. Ibi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane mu gihe cy'impanuka.

Nanone, ni ngombwa kujya kwa muganga iyo ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi, ndetse no kwisuzumisha no gupimwa buri gihe . Ubwoko bw’ibizamini ukeneye bizaterwa n’amateka y’ubuzima bw’umwana wawe n’ubw’umuryango we.

Nafasha nte abana banjye gufata inshingano zo kwita ku buzima bwabo?

Ushobora gufasha umwana wawe gutangira gufatanya mu gucunga ubuvuzi bwe akiri muto. Buhoro buhoro, mureke agire uruhare rugaragara. Urugero, mureke akore ibintu nko gutegura gahunda no kongeramo imiti. Ibi byubaka icyizere cye kandi byereka ababyeyi ko bashobora kwiyitaho.

Tekereza, iyo umwana wawe afite imyaka 15 cyangwa 16, uramubwira uti 'Mwana wanjye, gerageza kwigira kwa muganga wawe utaha.' Mu mizo ya mbere, ushobora gukenera ubufasha buto, ariko nyuma y'igihe runaka, azamenyera kubikora wenyine. Ni mu bintu bito nk'ibi biga kwikorera inshingano zikomeye.

Guhinduka mu buvuzi bw'abantu bakuru ntibibaho mu ijoro rimwe. Bigomba kubaho buhoro buhoro. Ariko gutegura mbere y'igihe no kuvuga ku byo umuntu yiteze bizafasha cyane abana gucunga ubuvuzi bwabo igihe nikigera.

None se, reka tubishyire hamwe twibuke ibyo twaganiriyeho? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Nubwo bishobora gusa nkaho ari intambwe ikomeye ku mwana wawe kuva mu buvuzi bw'abana akajya mu buvuzi bw'abantu bakuru, ntabwo ari ikibazo iyo bicunzwe neza.

• Tangira hakiri kare: Tangira gushaka umuganga mushya no gushaka ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe akiri muto.
• Ganira n'umwana wawe: Ganira na we ku bwumvikane ku mpinduka n'inshingano ze nshya. Umva ibitekerezo bye.
• Fasha kubona umuganga mwiza: Fasha umwana wawe guhitamo umuganga ujyanye n'ibyo akeneye n'umuntu ashobora kuvugana na we byoroshye. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo umwana wawe afite indwara idakira cyangwa ibibazo byihariye.
• Witondere ubwishingizi: Kora ubushakashatsi ku gihe ubwishingizi bw'umwana wawe bumara n'amahitamo ahari niba ukeneye ubwishingizi bushya.
• Shyiraho umurava: Buhoro buhoro toza umwana wawe gufata inshingano ku buzima bwe, amakuru y'ubuvuzi, no kubonana na muganga. Huza icyizere cy'uko ashobora kubikora wenyine.
• Ubufasha bwawe burakenewe: Nubwo umwana wawe akuze, ubuyobozi bwawe n'inkunga yawe ni ingenzi cyane muri iki gihe cy'inzibacyuho.

Wibuke ko iyi ari intambwe imwe y'ingenzi mu rugendo rw'umwana wawe rwo kuba umuntu mukuru wigenga. Ubifashijwemo n'urukundo rwawe n'inkunga yawe, ntibizagorana gutsinda iki kibazo!

Ubuzima bw'umwana , ubuvuzi bw'abantu bakuru, ubuvuzi bw'abana, ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima, ubuzima bw'urubyiruko, ihinduka ry'ubuvuzi, inama ku babyeyi