Reka tumenye byinshi ku bijyanye n'uburozi bw'ibiryo! Komeza usome nta bwoba!

Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku kintu abantu benshi bahura nacyo, ariko ntibakimenye neza. Ubwo ni uburozi bw'ibiryo, cyangwa nk'uko tubivuga mu Cyongereza, ``(Uburozi bw'ibiryo)``. Hari igihe uhura n'ikibazo cy'igifu gitunguranye, ugatangira kuruka, bikagorana cyane, sibyo? None se, ubu burozi bw'ibiryo ni iki? Reka turebe.

Uburozi bw'ibiryo ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, uburozi bw'ibiryo ni indwara iterwa na mikorobe zinjira mu byo turya. Izi mikorobe zishobora kuba bagiteri, rimwe na rimwe virusi, cyangwa utundi tunyabuzima duto. Ntidushobora kuzibona, kuzihumura, cyangwa kuziryoherwa (nibura atari munsi ya mikorosikopi). Ariko, nubwo ari nto, zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibiri yacu.

Iyo mikorobe zangiza ibiryo zinjiye mu mibiri yacu, zishobora kurekura uburozi. Ubu burozi ni bwo mpamvu y’izina 'kwangirika kw'ibiryo'. Ubu burozi ni bwo butera impiswi (kuruka) no kuruka .

Ubusanzwe abaganga bavuga ko 'uburozi bw'ibiryo' ari indwara ibaho nyuma gato yo kurya ibiryo byanduye. Akenshi, impiswi cyangwa kuruka bitangira mu masaha make umuntu amaze kurya ibiryo. Ariko inkuru nziza ni uko uburozi bw'ibiryo bukunze kurangira vuba. Abantu benshi bakira mu minsi ibiri cyangwa itatu nta kibazo cy'igihe kirekire bafite.

Ariko, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, uburozi bw'ibiryo bushobora kugusaba kujya kwa muganga cyangwa kujya kwa muganga. Ibi biterwa no kubura amazi . Ibi bivuze ko umubiri utakaza amazi. Iyi ni yo ngorane ikomeye cyane iterwa n'uburozi bw'ibiryo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'uburozi bw'ibiryo?

Ibimenyetso by'uburozi bw'ibiryo biterwa n'ubwoko bw'umugera wabiteye. Hari abantu bashobora gutangira kurwara mu isaha imwe cyangwa ebyiri nyuma yo kurya ibiryo byanduye cyangwa amazi yo kunywa. Hari n'igihe ibimenyetso bishobora gufata ibyumweru kugira ngo bigaragare. Ariko akenshi, ibi bimenyetso bishira mu minsi 1 kugeza ku 10.

Ibi ni ibimenyetso byerekana ko umwana wawe ashobora kuba afite allergie mu biribwa:

• Isesemi (kumva ushaka kuruka)
• Kubabara mu nda no kumva uhindukiye mu nda
• Kuruka
• Impiswi (kubabara mu gifu)
• Umuriro
• Kuribwa umutwe no kubabara umubiri wose

Ni gake cyane umuntu ashobora kugira isereri, kutabona neza, cyangwa kugira ibinure mu ntoki bitewe n'uburozi bw'ibiryo. Ndetse no mu bihe bike cyane, kumva udafite icyo ukora bijyana n'uburozi bw'ibiryo bishobora gutuma bigorana guhumeka .

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kwangirika kw'ibiryo?

Uburozi bw'ibiryo bubaho iyo uriye cyangwa unywa ibiryo byandujwe na mikorobe. Akenshi, uburozi bw'ibiryo buturuka ku bikomoka ku nyamaswa - ni ukuvuga inyama, inkoko, amagi, ibikomoka ku mata, n'ibikomoka ku mafi . Ariko, imbuto, imboga, n'ibindi biribwa bibisi bitakarabye nabyo bishobora gutera uburozi bw'ibiryo.Bishobora kwandura no kurwara abantu. Ndetse n'amazi ashobora gutuma ibiryo byangirika, waruzi?

Hari uburyo bwinshi ibiryo bishobora kwanduzwa. Ibi bintu bishobora kubaho mu gihe cyo gutegura, kubika no gukoresha ibiryo. Tekereza kuri ubu buryo:

• Amazi akoreshwa mu guhinga ibiryo ashobora kwanduzwa n'amase y'inyamaswa cyangwa ay'abantu.
• Inyama cyangwa inkoko bishobora guhura n'udukoko mu gihe cyo gutegura cyangwa gutwara.
• Bagiteri zishobora kwinjira mu biribwa iyo bibitswe ku bushyuhe butari bwo cyangwa iyo bibitswe igihe kirekire .
• Ibiryo bishobora kwandura iyo abantu bateka cyangwa babika ibiryo badakaraba neza intoki zabo, cyangwa iyo bakoresheje ibikoresho byanduye cyangwa ibibaho byo gukata.

Abantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe (nk'indwara zidakira z'impyiko) cyangwa abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara ziterwa n'ibiryo bihumanya kurusha abantu bazima.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa mikorobe zitera kwangirika kw'ibiryo?

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa mikorobe zikunze kwangiza ibiryo, reka tumenye bike kuri zo:

• Salmonella: Iyi bagiteri ni yo itera uburozi ku isi hose. Iyi bagiteri ikunze kwinjira mu biryo ikoresheje umwanda w’inyamaswa. Ibikomoka ku mata, inyama zitatetse neza, imbuto n’imboga mbisi zitarasukurwa neza ni byo bintu by’ingenzi bitera uburozi bwa salmonella.
• E. coli (Escherichia coli): Iyi bagiteri ikunze kwinjira mu biryo cyangwa mu mazi binyuze mu gukora ku mwanda w’inyamaswa. Kurya inyama z’inka zitetse nabi ni yo mpamvu ikomeye itera kwanduzwa na E. coli.
• Listeria: Iyi bagiteri ikunze kuboneka mu mata adafite pasteurized, mu mazi yo mu nyanja anywa itabi, no mu nyama zatunganyijwe nka hot dog n'inyama zo ku manywa . Bagiteri ya Listeria ishobora no kwanduza imbuto n'imboga, ariko ibi ntibikunze kubaho kenshi.
• Campylobacter: Iyi bagiteri ikunze kwanduza inyama, inkoko, n'amata atarasesengurwa . Campylobacter ishobora no kwanduza amazi. Kimwe n'izindi bagiteri, ikunze kwinjira mu biryo ikoresheje umwanda w'inyamaswa wanduye.
• Staphylococcus aureus: Iyi bagiteri (iboneka ku nyama, salade zateguwe, n'ibiribwa bikozwe mu mata adafite pasteurized) ikwirakwira binyuze mu gukorakora ku ntoki, kwitsamura, cyangwa gukorora. Ibi bivuze ko abantu bategura kandi bagafata ibiryo bashobora gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara.
• Shigella: Bagiteri ya Shigella ishobora kwanduza ibikomoka ku mafi, imbuto mbisi, n'imboga . Iyi bagiteri ikunze gukwirakwizwa n'abantu bategura cyangwa bakora ibiryo cyangwa badakaraba intoki neza nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero. Hari igihe iyi ndwara ishobora gutera amaraso mu mwanda.
• Hepatite A: Iyi virusi ikunze kwandurira mu bantu binyuze mu kurya ibinyamisogwe bibisi cyangwa ibiryo byafashwe n'umuntu wanduye . Biragoye kumenya aho yanduriye, kuko ibimenyetso bishobora kutagaragara nyuma y'iminsi 15 kugeza kuri 50 nyuma yo kwandura.
• Norovirus: Kwandura Norovirus byandura byoroshye kuva ku muntu umwe kugera ku wundi, cyane cyane ahantu hahurira abantu benshi nko mu bigo byita ku bana bato n'amashuri.

Zimwe muri izi mikorobe, nka Listeria na E. coli, zishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima, impyiko, no kuva amaraso , bityo rero ni ngombwa kubimenya.

Ni ibihe bihe byiza byo kujya kwa muganga?

Uburozi bwinshi mu biribwa ntibusaba ubuvuzi, ariko bumwe burasaba. Ikibazo gikomeye cyane ku biryo ni ukubura amazi . Umwana muzima ntakunze kubura amazi mu biribwa iyo anyoye ibinyobwa bihagije kugira ngo bimusimbuze ibinyobwa atakaza bitewe no kuruka cyangwa impiswi.

Ariko, ugomba kuvugana na muganga niba umwana wawe afite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Niba uhora uruka amasaha arenga 12
• Niba ufite impiswi ufite umuriro urenze 38.3°C (101°F)
• Niba ufite ububabare bukomeye mu gifu butashira nubwo waba umaze kwihagarika
• Niba ufite imyanda irimo amaraso (yaba impiswi cyangwa imyanda isanzwe) cyangwa niba uruka amaraso
• Niba intebe yawe ari umukara cyangwa umuhengeri wijimye (ibi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyo kuva amaraso imbere)
• Nta kibazo niba umutima wawe utera cyane, ariko niba wumva igituza cyawe gitera cyane,

Ugomba kandi kumenya neza ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi mu mubiri. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Inyota cyane
• Niba unyara nke cyane cyangwa ntunyara na gato (niba utaranyara amasaha 6-8, ni ikibazo gikomeye)
• Kuzungera
• Niba amaso yawe asa n'ayahumye
• Kumva umeze nk'uzunguza cyangwa ufite umutwe ukeye

Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe uherutse kujya mu mahanga kandi umwana wawe yatangiye kugira impiswi cyangwa ibindi bibazo byo mu nda , hamagara muganga wawe .

Uburozi mu biribwa (cyane cyane amazi mu mubiri) bushobora kuba bubi cyane ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye cyangwa izindi ndwara . Niba umwana wawe afite ikibazo cy'ubuzima (nk'ibibazo by'impyiko cyangwa indwara y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi), hamagara muganga wawe vuba. Abagore batwite bagomba kandi kubibwira muganga wabo niba barwaye uburozi mu biribwa, kuko zimwe muri mikorobe zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana uri mu nda.

Ni gute wamenya neza icyo ari cyo igisubizo cy'ibiribwa?

Umuganga azabaza ibintu nk'ibyo umwana wawe aherutse kurya n'igihe ibimenyetso byatangiriye . Muganga azasuzuma umwana kandi ashobora gufata ingero z'amaraso, amase cyangwa inkari kugira ngo azoherezwe muri laboratwari kugira ngo zisuzumwe. Ibi bishobora gufasha umuganga kumenya icyateye indwara.

Uvura ute uburozi bw'ibiryo?

Ubusanzwe, uburozi mu biribwa bushira ubwabwo mu minsi mike. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, abaganga batanga imiti yica udukoko mu biribwa iterwa na bagiteri. Umwana wabuze amazi menshi ashobora gukenera kuvurirwa mu bitaro akoresheje imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiryo .

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura bushobora gukorerwa mu rugo?

Uburozi mu biribwa bukunze kwishira ubwabwo mu minsi mike. Hagati aho, dore ibintu bimwe na bimwe wakora kugira ngo ufashe umwana wawe kumva ameze neza:

• Iruhukire bihagije. Kudakora cyane bizagufasha gukira vuba.
• Tanga ibinyobwa kugira ngo wirinde umwuma. Ibikoresho bya electrolyte nka Jeevani ni byiza, ariko ushobora gutanga ikindi kintu cyose kitari amata cyangwa ibinyobwa birimo kafeyine (nk'icyayi cyangwa ikawa), nk'amazi asanzwe, igikoma, cyangwa isupu.
• Bahe amazi make kandi kenshi. Ibi bizoroshya kubika amazi no kugabanya kuruka.
• Irinde gutanga ibiryo bikomeye n'amata kugeza igihe impiswi ihagaze burundu.

Ibuka ibi: Ntugafate imiti igabanya impiswi uyihawe na muganga utabanje kugisha inama. Iyi miti ishobora gutinza ikurwaho ry’udukoko twanduza ibiryo, bigatuma ibimenyetso bimara igihe kirekire.

Nyuma yo gucibwa no kuruka, gaburira umwana wawe amafunguro make, adakomeye kandi afite ibinure bike (urugero: igikoma cy'umuceri, imboga zitetse, isupu) mu gihe cy'iminsi mike . Ibi bizamufasha kwirinda kongera kurwara igifu.

Niba ibimenyetso birushijeho gukomera cyangwa ukabona ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi mu mubiri, hamagara muganga ako kanya.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo twirinde uburozi bw'ibiryo?

Bavuga bati: "Kwirinda biruta kwivuza." Rero, ni ngombwa gukurikiza izi nama kugira ngo urinde umuryango wawe uburozi bw'ibiryo:

• Igisha buri wese mu muryango gukaraba intoki neza kandi kenshi . Cyane cyane nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero, mbere yo gufata ibiryo, na nyuma yo gufata ibiryo bibisi (inyama, amafi). Koresha isabune n'amazi ashyushye hanyuma ubyikuremo byibuze amasegonda 15-20.
• Oza neza ibikoresho byose, imbaho ​​zo gukata, n'aho gukorera hakoreshwa mu gutegura ibiryo n'amazi ashyushye kandi arimo isabune .
• Ntugatange amata adafite pasteurized cyangwa ibiryo byakozwe muri yo.
• Sukura imboga mbisi zose n'imbuto zidashobora gukurwaho (urugero: imizabibu, imineke) neza munsi y'amazi atemba.
• Bika ibiryo bibisi (cyane cyane inyama, inkoko, n'ibikomoka ku mafi) bitandukanye n'ibindi biribwa kugeza igihe biteguye gutekwa. Ntugakoreshe akabati kamwe ko gukataho inyama mbisi na salade.
• Koresha ibiryo bishobora kubora cyangwa ibiryo bifite itariki ntarengwa yo kubikoresha vuba bishoboka.
• Teka neza ibikomoka ku matungo kugeza ku bushyuhe bw'imbere buzira umuze. Koresha icyuma gipima ubushyuhe bw'inyama niba kiboneka.
• Ku nyama z'inka ziseye n'ingurube, bivuze nibura ubushyuhe bwa 71°C.
• Ku nyama nyinshi ziciwe (nk'inka, umwana w'intama), ubushyuhe bwiza ni 145°F (63°C).
• Inkoko n'inkoko (ivunitse kandi yose), nibura kugeza kuri 74°C.
• Teka amagi y'inkoko kugeza igihe umuhondo ukomereye .
• Muri rusange amafi aba afite umutekano wo kuribwa iyo ageze ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 63.
• Shyira ibisigaye muri firigo mu masaha 2 (isaha 1 mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi). Niba bishoboka, bika mu bikoresho bifunga umwuka.
• Mu gihe ushongesha ibiryo, bishyira muri firigo, muri mikoroonde, cyangwa munsi y'amazi akonje atemba. Ntuzigere ubishongesha ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba.
• Niba ibiryo byarengeje igihe byagenewe, bifite ibara ridasanzwe, uburyohe cyangwa impumuro idasanzwe, bijugunye. Niba ushidikanya, ntukabirye!
• Niba utwite, irinde burundu kurya inyama mbisi cyangwa zidatetse neza, amafi yo mu nyanja, amafi yo mu nyanja yatetse, amagi mabisi n'ibiribwa bishobora kuba birimo amagi mabisi (nka mayoneze yo mu rugo), foromaje yoroshye, amata n'ibinyobwa by'imbuto bitarangiritse, patés, salade zigurwa mu maduka, inyama zo ku manywa, na hot dog .
• Ntukanywe amazi yo mu migezi cyangwa mu mariba yanduye.

Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite allergie y'ibiryo, hamagara ishami ry'ubuzima ryo mu gace utuyemo. Bashobora kubona impamvu no guhagarika ikwirakwira ry'indwara ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bandi.

None se, ni ibihe bintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka muri iyi nkuru?

Uburozi bw'ibiryo bushobora gushikira umuntu wese, ariko twitonze gato, dushobora kubyirinda. Gutegura ibiryo neza, guteka neza, no gukaraba intoki neza ni byo bintu by'ingenzi cyane. Niba umwana arwaye mu nda, kuruka, cyangwa impiswi, ni ngombwa cyane kumugumana amazi menshi. Ibyo bivuze kumuha amazi menshi. Niba indwara isa n'aho ikomeye, niba afite umuriro, cyangwa niba agaragaza ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi mu mubiri, jya kwa muganga vuba. Nta kintu na kimwe cyo guhangayikishwa nacyo, akenshi bizagenda neza mu minsi mike. Ariko, kumenya ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda! Komeza ubuzima bwiza, mwese!

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