Uyu munsi, turimo kuvuga ku kintu kitagaragara ku maso, ariko gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwacu. Yego, turimo kuvuga ku mikorobe! None se, mikorobe ni izihe, zishobora kuba mbi gute, kandi ni gute wakwirinda, umuryango wawe, cyane cyane abana bawe bato? Kubyumva ni ingenzi ku buzima bwawe n'amahoro yo mu mutima.
Mu by'ukuri mikorobe ni iki?
Muri make, mikorobe ni utunyabuzima duto tutagaragara n'amaso—wakenera mikorosikopi kugira ngo uzibone. Iyo utu tunyabuzima twinjiye mu mubiri wawe, dushobora gutera indwara. Ariko, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko atari mikorobe zose ari mbi.
Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi bwa mikorobe:
- Bagiteri
- Virusi
- Ibihumyo
- Protozoa
Uburyo bwiza kandi bworoshye bwo kwirinda indwara ni ugukaraba intoki zawe neza kandi kenshi . Ni wo murongo wa mbere w'ubwirinzi bwawe.
Reka turebe ubwoko butandukanye bwa mikorobe
Reka twinjire mu buryo bwimbitse kuri buri bwoko bw'udukoko kugira ngo ubashe kubisobanukirwa neza.
Ubwa mbere, reka tuvuge kuri bagiteri
Bagiteri ni ibinyabuzima bifite akaremangingo kamwe birokoka bitewe no gukura intungamubiri mu bidukikije. Ibyo bidukikije bishobora kuba umubiri wawe, umubiri w'umwana wawe, cyangwa ikindi gikoko cyangwa ikimera.
Ibyiza bya bagiteri nziza
Wibuke ko atari bagiteri zose zaba mbi. Mu by'ukuri, hari bagiteri z'ingirakamaro zigirira umubiri wawe akamaro.
- Urugero, bagiteri zimwe na zimwe zo mu mara yawe zigufasha gusya ibiryo byawe.
- Izi bagiteri nziza kandi zifasha mu kwirukana bagiteri mbi, zikazibuza kwinjira mu mubiri wawe.
- Byongeye kandi, hari bagiteri zimwe na zimwe zikoreshwa mu gukora imiti y'ingenzi, nka antibiyotike zimwe na zimwe n'inkingo .
Nkuko mubibona, bagiteri si zo zitera ibibazo gusa, ahubwo zitanga inyungu zikomeye ku buzima bwacu.
Bagiteri n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara
Birumvikana ko hari bagiteri zimwe na zimwe zitera ibibazo kandi zishobora gutera indwara, nka:
- Umwobo (kubora kw'amenyo)
- Indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari (UTI)
- Indwara zo mu matwi
- Indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu muhogo, nka strep throat
Abaganga baguha imiti yica udukoko two kuvura izi ndwara za bagiteri. Nk'uko wari umwana kandi ukeneye imiti yica udukoko two mu matwi, iyi miti ikora mu kwica bagiteri cyangwa kuyibuza kwiyongera.
Hanyuma, reka turebe Virusi
Virusi ni ntoya kurusha bagiteri. Mu by'ukuri, virusi ntabwo ari n'akaremangingo kuzuye; mu by'ukuri ni igice cy'uturemangingo (DNA cyangwa RNA) bipfunyitse mu gitambaro cya poroteyine. Tekereza nk'agapaki gato karimo amabwiriza—nta kintu na kimwe ishobora gukora yonyine.
Bigenda bite iyo virusi yinjiye mu mubiri wawe?
Virusi ntizishobora kororoka cyangwa gukura zonyine. Zisaba ko habaho ikintu kizima—cyaba umuntu, inyamaswa, cyangwa ikimera—kugira ngo zikomeze kubaho no kwiyongera.
Hanze y'akaremangingo kazima, nko ku meza cyangwa ku gikoresho cy'urugi, virusi zishobora kubaho igihe gito cyane. Nubwo virusi ziba ziri kuri ubu buso buva mu matembabuzi y'umubiri w'umuntu wanduye, zizapfa vuba niba zitabonye umuntu mushya wo guturamo.
Ariko, iyo bigeze mu mubiri wawe, bishobora gukwirakwira byoroshye kandi bigatera indwara.
- Ibicurane bisanzwe
- Indwara zisanzwe nka grippe
- Indwara zikomeye nka smallpox cyangwa VIH/SIDA nazo ziterwa na virusi.
Kuki imiti igabanya ubukana idakora neza ku barwayi ba virusi?
Iyi ni ingingo y'ingenzi cyane : Antibiyotike ntacyo zimaze na gato ku ndwara za virusi. Antibiyotike zagenewe kwibasira bagiteri. Imiterere n'imyitwarire ya virusi bitandukanye cyane na bagiteri. Niyo mpamvu gufata antibiyotike mu gihe cy'ibicurane ntacyo bizafasha. Ku bw'amahirwe, imiti yihariye ya antibiyotike yakozwe kugira ngo ivure ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa virusi.
Reka tuvuge ku bihumyo
Ibihumyo ni ibinyabuzima bifite utunyangingo twinshi bisangiye imiterere imwe n'imwe n'ibimera. Bibona intungamubiri zabyo binyuze mu kurya ibimera, ibiryo, n'inyamaswa mu bidukikije bishyushye kandi bitose.
Indwara nyinshi z’ibihumyo duhura nazo, nk’ikirenge cy’umukinnyi (gishobora gutera uduheri hagati y’amano) n’indwara z’umusemburo, akenshi ntabwo ari ikibazo ku bantu bazima. Izi ndwara zikunze kuvurwa.
Ariko, niba ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bwangiritse bitewe n'indwara nka virusi itera SIDA cyangwa imiti ivura kanseri, indwara z'ibihumyo zishobora gukomera, kuko ushobora kuba uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira ibibazo bikomeye.
Amaherezo, reka twige ku birebana na protozoa
Protozoa ni ibinyabuzima bifite akaremangingo kamwe, bisa na bagiteri, ariko ni binini mu bunini. Bifite nucleus n'izindi ngingo z'imbere mu turemangingo, bigatuma bisa cyane n'uturemangingo tw'ibimera n'utw'inyamaswa.
Protozoa ikura neza mu gihe cy'ubushuhe. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko indwara nka macinya n'izindi ndwara zo mu gifu (urugero: amibe, giardiasis) zikunze gukwirakwira mu mazi yanduye.
Protozoa zimwe na zimwe ni udukoko, bivuze ko zigomba kubaho cyangwa ziri mu kindi kinyabuzima (inyamaswa cyangwa ikimera) kugira ngo zikomeze kubaho.
- Urugero, protozoa itera malariya ikurira mu turemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso y’abantu, amaherezo ikadusenya.
Igitangaje ni uko zimwe muri protozoa zishobora gukora ikintu gikomeye kandi kirinda indwara cyitwa cyst. Ibi bituma zibasha kubaho igihe kirekire mu bidukikije bibi kandi byumye hanze y'umubiri w'umuntu.
Ni gute wakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza kandi ukirinda izi mikorobe?
None se ko usobanukiwe izo mikorobe, wakwirinda ute ibibazo zitera?
- Karaba intoki zawe kenshi: Iyi ni intambwe y'ingenzi cyane. Buri gihe karaba intoki zawe n'isabune byibuze amasegonda 20 mbere yo kurya, mbere yo gutegura ibiryo, nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero, na nyuma yo gutaha uvuye hanze.
- Komeza ibidukikije byawe bisukuye: Komeza gusukura ahantu nk'urugo rwawe, igikoni, n'ubwiherero.
- Witondere ibiryo n'amazi: Rya ibiryo bitetse neza kandi unywe amazi meza kandi asukuye.
- Itoze kugira isuku ku giti cyawe: Upfuke umunwa n'igitambaro cyo mu mutwe igihe witsamuye cyangwa ukorora.
- Komeza ubuzima bwiza: Komeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe ukoresheje indyo yuzuye, gusinzira bihagije, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe. Ibi byorohereza umubiri wawe kurwanya indwara.
Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?
Ikibazo gito nk'ibicurane gishobora gukemuka mu minsi mike. Ariko, ugomba kugisha inama muganga niba:
- Ufite umuriro umara iminsi myinshi.
- Ugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka.
- Uhora urwara kuruka cyangwa impiswi.
- Uba wumva utazi neza cyangwa uhangayikishijwe n'uko umeze.
By’umwihariko, ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’abana bato, ntugafate ingamba. Iyo ubonye ikintu kidasanzwe, ni byiza ko muganga abasuzumisha. Niba ari ikibazo cyihutirwa, shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse mu bitaro bikwegereye cyangwa mu bigo byita ku buzima bw’ibanze.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
Mu gusoza, dore ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka mu kiganiro cyacu:
- Udukoko ni utunyabuzima duto cyane tudukikije. Si twose twangiza; hari n'utundi dufite akamaro.
- Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi: bagiteri, virusi, ibihumyo, na protozoa, buri bwoko bufite imiterere yihariye.
- Gukaraba intoki ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda mikorobe!
- Antibiyotike ntizikora ku ndwara zandura. Ntuzigere ufata antibiyotike utabanje kugisha inama muganga.
- Guhora umenye amakuru yerekeye izi mikorobe no kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi buzira umuze ni ingenzi. Nta mpamvu yo kugira ubwoba burenze urugero, ariko kuba maso ni ingenzi cyane.
Ndizera ko aya makuru yagufashije. Nkwifurije ubuzima bwiza wowe n'umuryango wawe muri Nirogi Lanka!
Amagambo ahinnye: Udukoko, Bagiteri, Virusi, Ibihumyo, Protozoa, Gukaraba intoki, Antibiyotike
