Ese umwana wawe afite ikibazo cy'ihungabana? (Ihungabana ry'Umwana) Reka tubiganireho!

Nk'ababyeyi, tugerageza buri gihe kurinda abana bacu ibintu byose. Ariko, ikibabaje ni uko hari igihe abana bacu bato bahura n'ibintu bitunguranye. Ibi bintu bishobora kubatera ububabare n'imibabaro myinshi.

Ihungabana ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ihungabana ni ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mwana, kikamutera ubwoba cyane, cyangwa kikamutera ingaruka mbi. Tekereza kuri ibyo, bishobora kuba ihohoterwa rikomeye ryo mu rugo, cyangwa impanuka ikomeye, cyangwa ibiza bitunguranye (nk'umwuzure, isuri). Hari igihe gutakaza urugo rwawe no kuba imfubyi, kubura umubyeyi, cyangwa kugira indwara ikomeye nabyo bishobora kuba ihungabana ku mwana. Ibi bintu ni bibi cyane. Kuko muri iki gihe, umwana ashobora kumva ko ubuzima bwe buri mu kaga, ko atari mu mutekano .

Ihungabana rigira ingaruka zite ku mwana?

Iyo ikintu nk'iki kibaye, ingaruka zo mu mutwe rimwe na rimwe zishobora kumara igihe kirekire. Bishobora kugorana gukira. Ku bana bamwe, iyi ndwara ishobora no gutera indwara yitwa indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y'ihungabana (PTSD) .

Ariko icy'ingenzi ni uko abana bashobora gukira ibyo bibazo bikomeye. Hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha. Nanone, urukundo rw'inyongera, urukundo, n'inkunga uhabwa nk'umubyeyi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane kuri bo muri iki gihe.

Noneho reka turebe uburyo ubwo bwoko bw'ihungabana bugira ingaruka ku mwana.

Ibintu byumvikana mu mutwe

Nyuma y'ihungabana, umwana yumva afite umutekano n'icyizere bishobora kwangirika cyane. Nubwo hashize igihe kirekire, ashobora kumva afite ubwoba kandi agatungurwa. Bamwe bashobora kumva bafite irungu, bababaye, barakaye, cyangwa bicira urubanza. Bashobora no gutekereza bati “Iri ni ikosa ryanjye.” Bamwe mu bana bashobora kumva ko kwiyubaha no kwiyubaha kwabo birimo kwangirika. Abandi bashobora kugira agahinda gakomeye kandi katavugwa.

Impinduka mu myitwarire n'izindi

Ihungabana rishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku byiyumvo by'umwana, imyitwarire ye, cyangwa ibitotsi bye . Hari abana bashobora kurakara cyane kandi akenshi bakababara, indwara yitwa kwiheba . Bashobora kuba bafite amahirwe menshi yo kubaza ibibazo kurusha mbere, kandi bashobora kuba badashoboye gutsinda neza mu ishuri. Bashobora kugira ubwoba bushya, kandi bashobora kugira ingorane zo gusinzira nijoro. Hari abana bashobora kugira ibihe bibi bibaho kandi bibababaza. Ibi kandi tubyita ibihe bibaho . Akenshi, abana bagerageza kwirinda ibintu bibibutsa ibyababayeho.

Kuki hari abana batabivugaho?

Nyuma y'ikintu giteye ishozi, abana bamwe baganira n'abandi ku byiyumvo byabo. Ariko, abandi babika byose mu ibanga. Bashobora kugerageza guhisha ibyiyumvo byabo cyangwa kubirukana. Bashobora gutekereza bati , 'Abandi bategereje ko mbyihanganira vuba.' Hari abantu batazi uko babivuga. Kubera impamvu iyo ari yo yose, nk'umubyeyi, ushobora kudasobanukirwa ibyo umwana wawe arimo ahura na byo.

Uburyo ubuvuzi bushobora kugufasha gukira

Noneho reka turebe ubufasha umwana abona mu buvuzi mu gihe nk'iki.

Ibyo ubona mu buvuzi

Ubuvuzi ni uburyo bwiza bwo gusangira amarangamutima yabo mu mutekano, kubara inkuru zabo, no kubona ubufasha bakeneye. Mu buvuzi, abana biga kuvuga ibyo banyuzemo. Biga ubuhanga bwo guhangana n'ibibazo n'ubuhanga bwo gutuza bubafasha gukomeza kugira imbaraga zo mu mutwe. Biga kandi guhindura uko batekereza n'uko bumva ibintu bibabaje. Buhoro buhoro, batangira guhura n'ibintu bari birinze mbere. Ubuvuzi bufasha abana kubona ubutwari bwabo no kwigirira icyizere.

Tekereza kuri ubu buryo: Ubuvuzi ni nko gushyira umuti ku gice cy'umutima w'umwana cyakomeretse, ukagikiza, kandi ukamufasha kongera kubyuka no kwiruka.

Reka twige ku buvuzi bushingiye ku ihungabana (TF-CBT)

Hari uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura ihungabana ku bana bwitwa "Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) . Ibi bikubiyemo kuvuga, gukina, no kwiga ibikorwa byo gufasha umwana guhangana n'ihungabana.

Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bwa TF-CBT nabwo bufasha cyane ababyeyi. Mu by’ukuri, ni ibisanzwe ko ababyeyi bumva bababaye kandi bakababazwa n’ibyo umwana wabo yanyuzemo. Mu gihe cyo kuvura, ababyeyi bahabwa ubufasha bukenewe. Bahabwa inama z’uko bafasha umwana wabo mu rugo.

Muri TF-CBT , ababyeyi bashobora kugira uruhare runini mu gukira k'umwana wabo. Utozwa gutega amatwi mu buryo bufasha umwana wawe kuvuga ibiri mu mutima we, kumworohereza imitwaro, no kuvugana nawe. Ushobora gufasha umwana wawe kwitoza guhangana n'ibibazo mu rugo. Uko umwana wawe agenda akira buhoro buhoro, ushobora gusangira ibyishimo.

Ni gute nabona uburyo bwo kuvura?

Ubu ushobora kuba wibaza uti 'Ni gute nabona ubu buryo bwo kuvura umwana wanjye?' Ntabwo bigoye cyane.

• Ubwa mbere, muganga w'abana w'umwana waweVugana na muganga wawe. Mubwire ibyo umwana wawe yanyuzemo. Wibuke ko muganga ahangayikishijwe n'ubuzima bw'umubiri bw'umwana wawe ndetse n'ubuzima bwe bwo mu mutwe.
• Saba muganga wawe kohereza inzobere mu by’indwara zo mu mutwe z’abana , inzobere mu by’imitekerereze y’abantu , cyangwa umujyanama w’umuhanga wahuguwe muri uru rwego kandi ushobora gufasha umwana wawe.
• Ushobora kujyana umwana wawe ku buvuzi rimwe mu cyumweru mu gihe cy'amezi make, ariko buhoro buhoro uzabona impinduka nziza ku mwana wawe.

Uburyo ushobora gufasha umwana wawe mu rugo

Nyuma y'ihungabana, abana bakeneye inkunga yawe n'urukundo rwawe kurusha mbere hose. Menya neza ko utekereza kuri ibi bintu:

• Marana umwanya n'umwana wawe: Mukore ibintu bituje, biruhura, cyangwa bishimishanye. Teka hamwe, genda gutembera, ukina, usome ibitabo, ushushanye, uririmbe indirimbo. Niba bishoboka, shyira ku ruhande umwanya wo kubikoresha buri munsi, nibura iminota mike. Tekereza ukuntu byaba ari ingirakamaro kumarana umwanya muto wubaka inzu n'umuhungu wawe muto nyuma ya saa sita, cyangwa gusoma inkuru nto n'umukobwa wawe muto mbere yo kuryama nijoro.
• Gira kwihangana no kugira ubushyuhe: Koresha amagambo meza. Shimira umwana wawe iyo akoze ikintu cyiza cyangwa ashyizeho imihati. Vuga uti " Ndagutewe ishema nawe, mwana wanjye/umukobwa ." Gira kwihangana iyo umwana wawe akoze ikosa. Mwereke uko yakongera kugerageza.
• Garagaza urukundo: Reka umwana wawe yumve urukundo rwawe. Muhobere, umwenyure, uvuge amagambo y'urukundo, ugaragaze ibikorwa by'ubwitonzi. Muhumurize ukoresheje amagambo ahumuriza iyo ababaye cyangwa ababaye.
• Shyiraho gahunda yo gutuza: Ku mwana muto, fata iminota mike usome inkuru, umufate, cyangwa uririmbe indirimbo nto mbere yo kuryama (cyangwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose ku manywa). Ku mwana mukuru, gira akamenyero ko kumuhobera no kumubwira ngo 'ijoro ryiza' mbere yo kuryama, kandi umarane iminota mike muganira, wumve icyo avuga, cyangwa useka hamwe. Iyi minota y'inyongera hamwe nawe ishobora gufasha cyane umwana wawe kumva atuje, afite umutekano, kandi atuje .

Ushobora gutekereza uti “Oh... ibi ni utuntu duto dusanzwe dukora.” Ariko, guha umwana wawe inkunga yiyongereye n'umwanya nk'uyu bizamufasha kumva urukundo rwawe n'umubano wa hafi mufitanye na we. Nyuma y'ibintu bibabaje, ubwo bucuti ni ubw'agaciro kurusha mbere hose.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Yego, ukurikije ibyo twavuze, birashoboka ko bikugaragara neza uburyo ihungabana umwana agira rishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwenge bwe buto. Ariko, icy'ingenzi ni iki:

• Ihungabana rikomeye, ariko abana bashobora gukira. Ntugacike intege.
• Ubuvuzi bukwiye, cyane cyane uburyo nka TF-CBT, bushobora gufasha cyane. Ntutinye rero gushaka inama kwa muganga.
• Nk'umubyeyi, urukundo rwawe, igishika cyawe, kwihangana kwawe, n'inkunga yawe ni ingenzi mu rugendo rw'umwana wawe rwo gukira. Uri imbaraga zikomeye z'umwana wawe.
• Utuntu duto dushobora kugira icyo tugeraho. Kumarana umwanya n'umwana wawe, kumushimira, no kumugaragariza urukundo - ibi byose ni ingirakamaro cyane.

Wibuke ko utari wenyine. Hari abahanga bashobora kugufasha no kukuyobora muri uru rugendo. Kandi, umwana wawe ukunda ashobora kunyura muri iki gihe kigoye kandi akongera kwishima.

Ihungabana ry'abana , ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, PTSD, TF-CBT, inkunga y'ababyeyi, gukira kw'abana, ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze