Reka twige gusa ku kuvura amazi akikije umutima (Pericardiocentesis)

Ese wigeze wumva umuntu avuga ati "Hari amazi mu mutima"? Wenda wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi wigeze kugira iyi ndwara, kandi muganga yavuze ku buryo bwo kuyivura. Ni ibisanzwe kumva ibi ugize ubwoba no kugira ubwoba. Ariko ntugahangayike. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura iyi ndwara, rimwe na rimwe bushobora kurokora ubuzima. Byitwa `Pericardiocentesis`. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo buri wese ashobora gusobanukirwa.

Mu magambo make, Pericardiocentesis ni iki?

Tekereza ko umutima wacu uri mu gafuka gato. Aka gafuka kitwa pericardium mu buvuzi. Akazi kako ni ukurinda umutima no kuwugumana mu mwanya wako ukwiye mu mubiri. Ubusanzwe, hari amazi make cyane hagati y'aka gafuka n'umutima, ibyo bikaba bifasha kugabanya ubwinshi bw'imitsi umutima ugira iyo ukubita.

Ariko, bitewe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe, amazi (amazi) atangira kwirundanya mu gice cy'umutima bidakenewe . Iyi ndwara tuyita 'Pericardial effusion'. Iyo aya mazi yirundanyije, ayo mazi ashyira igitutu kinini ku mutima. Kubera iki gitutu, umutima ntushobora gukubita, kwifata, cyangwa kwaguka neza. Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye kandi giteje akaga. Ibi byitwa 'Cardiac tamponade'.

Rero, pericardiocentesis, mu buryo bworoshye, ni uburyo bwo gukuramo amazi menshi adakenewe yakusanyije ku mutima hakoreshejwe urushinge mu mubiri. Ibi bigabanya umuvuduko w'umutima ako kanya kandi bigatuma umutima wongera gukora neza.

Ni nde ukeneye ubu buvuzi?

Ubu buvuzi burakenewe ku bantu bafite amazi akikije umutima, bita pericardial effusion. Hari igihe bukorwa nk'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, cyane cyane mu bihe bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga nko gufunga umutima. Hari n'igihe, nubwo atari ibyihutirwa, bukoreshwa no kumenya impamvu aya mazi arimo kwegerana. Amazi akuweho ashobora koherezwa mu bipimo kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu.

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma amazi yirundanya ku mutima. Reka turebe izikuru.

Ni iki kibaho mbere y'ubu buvuzi?

Iyo umuganga wawe amaze kugupima indwara ya Pericardial effusion cyangwa Cardiac tamponade, azagena niba agomba kubikora cyangwa atabikora bitewe n'uburemere bwabyo.

Keretse niba ari ibintu byihutirwa, muganga wawe azaguteganyiriza gahunda. Ubusanzwe, uzasabwa kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha agera ku munani mbere yo kubonana na muganga. Ariko, uzemererwa kunywa ibinyobwa, nk'amazi, kugeza ku masaha abiri mbere.

Mbere yo gutangira kuvurwa, itsinda ry’abaganga rizakora ibi bikurikira:

• Gutera umunyu: Umuyoboro muto (uterwa mu mitsi - umurongo wa IV) ushyirwa mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe. Ibi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gutanga imiti cyangwa ibinyobwa mu mubiri wawe, nibiba ngombwa.
• Gutegura uruhu:Aho urushinge ruzashyirwa harogoshwa kandi hagasukurwa neza n'umuti wica udukoko. Ibi bishobora gufasha mu kwirinda kwandura.
• Gukurikirana ibimenyetso by'ingenzi: Utwuma dufata amashusho dufatanye n'umubiri wawe kugira ngo dupime umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe, guhumeka kwawe, umuvuduko w'umutima, n'urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso . Uzahuzwa kandi n'imashini ya ``ECG (Electrocardiogram)'' kugira ngo ikurikirane imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'umutima wawe.
• Gutanga ogisijeni y'inyongera: Iyo bibaye ngombwa, ogisijeni ishobora gutangwa binyuze mu muyoboro muto ushyizwe mu mazuru cyangwa binyuze mu gapfukamunwa.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo kuvurwa?

Ibi bikorwa n'itsinda ry'abaganga, abaforomo, n'abandi bakozi ba tekiniki.

Ubuyobozi bwo gufata amashusho

Mbere yo gushyira urushinge, muganga akoresha scan, nka ultrasound (echocardiogram), kugira ngo ashake ahantu hizewe kandi horoshye ho gushakisha amazi akikije umutima. Iyi scan yemerera urushinge gushyirwamo ayobowe na muganga, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangiza umutima cyangwa izindi ngingo. Hari igihe hakoreshwa ubwoko bwa X-ray bwitwa fluoroscopy.

Gushyiramo urushinge

Ntabwo uzasinzira. Ahubwo, umuti ugabanya ububabare uzaterwa mu gace k'aho urushinge rwashyizwe, ugatuma aho hantu hadakora neza. Bityo ntuzumva ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose, ariko ushobora kumva urimo gushyuha gato.

Hari ahantu henshi ushobora gushyiramo urushinge.

• Akenshi: Munsi y'igufwa rinini hagati mu gituza (sternum).
• Ubundi buryo: Imbere cyangwa mu buryo butaziguye, hagati y'imbavu z'igituza.

Mu gihe umuganga areba isuzuma, yitonze cyane ashyira urushinge mu mwanya wuzuyemo amazi akikije umutima, yirinda umutima. Hanyuma, akoresheje syringe, amazi akurwamo buhoro buhoro.

Bitewe n'ingano y'amazi, iki gikorwa gishobora gufata iminota 10 kugeza kuri 20. Iyo hari amazi menshi, umuyoboro muto (catheter) ushobora gushyirwamo aho gukoresha urushinge hanyuma ugasigara aho uri umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri kugira ngo amazi yose asohoke buhoro buhoro.

Iyo akazi karangiye, urushinge cyangwa umuyoboro birakurwaho hanyuma hagashyirwa plaster cyangwa igitambaro gito kuri ako gace.

Bigenda bite nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Nyuma yo kuvurwa, muganga ashobora gukora ibi bikurikira:

• Icyitegererezo cy'amazi yakuwemo cyoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo hamenyekane impamvu amazi yakusanyije.
• Hakorwa ikindi gipimo cya ultrasound (echocardiogram) kugira ngo harebwe niba amazi yose yakuwemo.
• Uzakenera kumara umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri mu bitaro. Muri icyo gihe, abakozi b'abaganga bazahora bakurikirana uko umerewe.

Abantu benshi batangira kumva baruhutse cyane iyo amazi amaze gukurwaho. Ibimenyetso nko kubura umwuka no kubabara mu gatuza birashira vuba.

Ni izihe nyungu n'ingaruka z'ubu buvuzi?

Nk’uko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, ubu buvuzi bufite ibyiza n’ibyago.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi

• Kurokora ubuzima: Mu gihe cyihutirwa nko gufunga umutima, ibi bishobora kurokora ubuzima binyuze mu kugabanya umuvuduko w'umutima ako kanya.
• Gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara: Gusuzuma amazi, gushaka impamvu nyamukuru, no gutanga ubuvuzi bukwiye.
• Byoroshye kurusha kubagwa: Ubu buryo ni bwihuse kandi budagoye kurusha kubagwa gukomeye.

Ingaruka zishobora kubaho (Ingaruka mbi)

Kubera ko bikorwa hifashishijwe isuzuma, ingaruka ziba nke cyane. Ariko, kubera ko urushinge runyura hafi cyane y’ingingo z’ingenzi nk’umutima n’ibihaha, ingorane zishobora kubaho mu rugero ruto.

• Kwangirika k'umutima: Iyo urushinge rukubye umutima, bishobora gutera kuva amaraso, umutima utera nabi (arrhythmia), cyangwa indwara z'umutima. Ibi ni bibi cyane kandi bishobora gusaba kubagwa byihutirwa.
• Kwangirika kw'ibihaha: Iyo ibihaha bitobowe, bishobora gusenyuka.
• Kwangirika ku zindi ngingo: Indwara ya diaphragm, umwijima, igifu, cyangwa imiyoboro minini y'amaraso ishobora kwangirika.
• Kwandura: Udukoko dushobora kwinjira mu gace k'aho urushinge rwashyizwe. Iyo iyi ndwara ikwirakwira mu mubiri wose, ishobora gutera indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga yitwa `sepsis`.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ngire gukira kandi ni ryari ngomba kongera kubonana na muganga?

Ubusanzwe uzashobora gutaha mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Igihe bifata kugira ngo ukire neza giterwa n'uburemere bw'indwara yawe, icyateye amazi kwiyongera, n'ubundi buryo bwose bwo kuvura urimo guhabwa. Muganga wawe azakubwira igihe ushobora gusubira mu mirimo yawe ya buri munsi.

Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso nyuma yo gusubira mu rugo, ugomba guhita ujya kwa muganga cyangwa mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ETU).

Kuri bamwe, ubwo bwoko bw'amazi ashobora kongera kwiyongera. Ibi nibibaho, muganga wawe ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga ubaga kugira ngo akubwire igisubizo kirambye, nko mu idirishya rya pericardial.