Reka tumenye byinshi ku isuzuma rya Quad Screen mu gihe cyo gutwita. (Quad Screen)

Ubu uri kubyara. Muri iki gihe, muganga azagusaba gukora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo arebe niba ibintu byose bimeze neza kuri wewe no ku mwana uri mu nda yawe, sibyo? Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku isuzuma ryihariye ry'amaraso rikorwa mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy'inda. Ibi byitwa 'Quad Screen' cyangwa 'Quad Marker Screen'.

Mu magambo make, Quad Screen ni iki?

Iki ni ikizamini cyoroheje cyane cy'amaraso. Gikorwa hagati y'ibyumweru 15 na 20 utwite. Iki kizamini gishobora guha muganga wawe igitekerezo cy'uko umwana wawe utaravuka ashobora kurwara indwara zandurira mu ngirabuzimafatizo nka Down syndrome.

Kuki iyi yitwa "Quad"?

"Quad" bivuze bine mu Cyongereza. Rero iki kizamini cyitwa ibi kuko gipima urwego rw'ibintu bine byihariye mu maraso yawe. Ibyo bintu bine ni ibi:

• AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)
• HCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin)
• Estriol (ubwoko bwa estrogen)
• Inhibin-A

Ibi bizamini birashaka iki?

Ikimenyetso cya Quad cyibanda ahanini ku gusuzuma niba umwana ashobora kurwara indwara zitandukanye zishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo. Zimwe mu ndwara z'ingenzi ni izi:

• Trisomie 21: Indwara twese tuzi nka Down syndrome.
• Trisomie 18: Indwara yitwa syndrome ya Edwards.
• Ubusembwa bw'imiyoboro y'ubwonko (NTDs): Ibibazo bijyanye n'imikurire y'ubwonko bw'umwana n'umugongo we.

Ese gukora iki kizamini ni itegeko?

Oya. Iki si ikizamini gitegetswe. Ushobora kugikora gusa iyo ubyifuza. Ariko, abaganga bita ku babyeyi batwite bakunze gutanga inama ko ari byiza gukora iki kizamini. Kuko gishobora kuguha igitekerezo ku buzima bw'umwana mbere y'igihe.

Ubu buryo bworoshye cyane. Icyo ugomba gukora ni ugufata amaraso make mu kuboko kwawe. Bitwara iminota 5-10. Ntabwo bizagutwara cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka mbi ku mwana wawe. Rero nta mpamvu yo guhangayika.

Ibintu 4 byo kureba mu maraso n'icyo bisobanura

Reka turebe icyo urwego rune rw'impinduka bivuze. Ibi bishobora kuba bigoye gato, ariko ndabisobanura mu buryo bworoshye.

Ndabisubiramo, ibi ni ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago gusa. Kuba kimwe muri ibi byiciro gitandukanye ntibivuze ko umwana azagira ikibazo. Muganga wawe azagereranya ibi bisubizo n'ibindi bintu, nk'imyaka yawe, kugira ngo arebe ingaruka.

Ubona ute ibisubizo?

Ubusanzwe uzabona ibisubizo by'iki kizamini mu minsi ine kugeza kuri itanu. Ibi bishobora gutandukana bitewe na laboratwari na muganga wawe.

Bite se niba igisubizo ari 'Normal'?

Niba ibisubizo ari 'Normal' cyangwa 'Negative', bivuze ko umwana wawe afite ibyago bike byo kurwara indwara ya gene yavuzwe haruguru. Muri ibyo bihe, muganga ntabwo akunze kumusaba gukomeza gupima gene. Ariko, nubwo byaba ari 'ingaruka nke', ntibivuze ko nta kibazo na kimwe kirimo. Ariko bivuze ko ibyago ari bike cyane.

Bite ho niba igisubizo ari 'Ibidasanzwe'?

Muri iki gihe, muganga wawe azaganira nawe akagusobanurira icyo gukora nyuma yaho. Ashobora kandi kukugira inama y'ibindi bizamini.

• Gupima mu buryo bwimbitse imiterere y'umubiri w'umwana: Ibi bigufasha kubona neza imiterere y'umubiri w'umwana.
• Amniocentesis: Ibi bikubiyemo gufata urugero ruto rw'amazi y'umwana akikije umwana no gusuzuma uturemangingo tw'umwana kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y'uturemangingo. Hari ingaruka nke kuri iki kizamini, bityo ni ngombwa kubiganiraho na muganga mbere yo gufata icyemezo.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya NIPT na Quad Screen?

Ushobora kuba warumvise ikizamini cyitwa NIPT (Noninvasive Prenatal Testing). Ni ikizamini cyo gusuzuma kireba ibyago.

• Ikizamini cya NIPT gishobora gukorwa mu byumweru 10 utwite. Gisesengura ADN y'umwana uri mu nda mu maraso yawe kugira ngo hamenyekane ibyago byaterwa n'uko umwana yatwite.
• Isuzuma rya Quad rikorwa mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy'umubyibuho . Ntirireba ADN y'umwana, ahubwo rireba urwego rw'imisemburo na poroteyine mu maraso yawe.

Ibi bizamini byombi ni ibizamini byo "gupima" bipima ibyago, ntabwo ari ibizamini byo "gusuzuma". Vugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo agufashe guhitamo ikizamini cyiza kuri wewe.

Gutegereza umwana ni igihe cyiza cyane, ariko bishobora no kuzana amarangamutima menshi. Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba no guhangayika iyo umenye iby'ibi bizamini. Ariko ibi bizamini ntibigamije kugutera ubwoba. Bigamije kugufasha kumenya ubuzima bw'umwana wawe mbere y'igihe, kandi nibiba ngombwa, witegure. Niba rero ufite ikibazo, ntukigire icyo ubaza mu mutwe wawe ngo ubaze muganga wawe.