Ese wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite ADHD? Reka twige kuri iki kizamini (ADHD Testing)!

Ese wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite ibimenyetso byo kugorwa no kwita ku bintu, kutita ku bintu, cyangwa gukora ibintu mu buryo butunguranye? Niba ari uko bimeze, muganga ashobora kukugira inama yo gusuzuma ADHD. Ibi kandi byitwa Isuzuma rya ADHD. Iki si ikizamini, ahubwo ni isuzuma ryo kumenya niba ufite ADHD.

Mbere ya byose, ADHD ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ADHD isobanura indwara yo kudashyira mu gaciro/kubura imbaraga nyinshi . Ni indwara ifitanye isano n'iterambere ry'ubwonko bwacu. Akenshi itangira mu bwana. Kera, abantu badafite imico ya 'Hyperactivity' ariko ntibashobore kuguma ahantu hamwe bitwaga ADD (Attention-Deficit Disorder). Ariko ubu nayo ifatwa nk'ubwoko bwa ADHD.

Umuntu urwaye ADHD ashobora kugira ibibazo bito ku bintu nk'ibi:

• Guhubuka: Gukora ibintu mu buryo butunguranye nta gutekereza.
• Gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi: Kudashobora kuguma ahantu hamwe, guhora wiruka hirya no hino no gusimbuka.
• Kurangara: Kubura kwibanda ku bintu bito cyane, kugorwa no kwibanda ku murimo uriho.
• Kugorwa no gukurikiza amabwiriza: Kugorwa no kumva amabwiriza no kuyakurikiza neza.
• Kugorwa no kurangiza igikorwa: Gutangira igikorwa ariko ntushobore kugirangiza hanyuma ugacika intege.

Ikizamini cya ADHD gikorwa ryari?

Akenshi, iki kizamini gikorwa iyo umubyeyi, umwarimu, cyangwa muganga w'umwana abonye impinduka mu myitwarire ye. Ni ukuvuga iyo imyitwarire y'umwana isa n'aho ibangamira umukoro cyangwa akazi k'ishuri.

ADHD ikunze kugaragara bwa mbere mu bwana, ari nayo mpamvu abaganga b'abana bakunze kubaza ababyeyi n'abarimu uko umwana wabo yitwara mu rugo no ku ishuri.

Niba ubonye impinduka mu myitwarire y'umwana wawe, cyangwa niba wumva ufite ibimenyetso bya ADHD nk'umuntu mukuru, ushobora kuvugana na muganga wawe akagusuzuma. Nta muti uraboneka wa ADHD. Ariko, iyo iyi ndwara imenyekanye hakiri kare, ushobora kubona ubuvuzi n'inama bikenewe kandi bikoroshya ubuzima. Kuko iyi ndwara ishobora no kuzanwa n'ubumuga bwo kwiga no kugira ibibazo by'imyitwarire.

Nigute napima umwana wanjye ADHD?

Intambwe ya mbere ugomba gutera ni ukuganira na muganga w’abana w’umwana wawe, cyane cyane niba uhangayikishijwe na:

• Umwana wawe ashobora kugorwa no gukomeza kwibanda ku kintu runaka, kuguma ahantu hamwe, no kugenzura uburyo ahora akora ibintu ahubutse.
• Izi myitwarire zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kazi k'umwana ko mu rugo no ku ishuri.

Niba ibi bimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku myigire y'umwana wawe, muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira guhamagara ishuri ugasaba isuzumabumenyi ry'imyigire. Vuga neza uko bishoboka kose ku bibazo byose umwana wawe ashobora kugira mu myigire cyangwa mu myitwarire. Urugero, ibintu nko guhindura inyuguti cyangwa imibare, kugorwa no kwandika, nibindi.

Nk’uko amategeko abiteganya, amashuri ashobora gusuzuma abana bari hagati y’imyaka 3 na 21 bafite ubumuga bwo kwiga. Iri suzuma ni ubuntu.

Ese iki kizamini ni icy'abana gusa? Ese kirahari no ku bakuru?

Oya. Abantu bakuru bashobora gupimwa no gusuzumwa indwara ya ADHD mu myaka iyo ari yo yose. Mu by’ukuri, abantu bakuru bagera kuri 4% bafite ibimenyetso bya ADHD. Kenshi na kenshi, ibi bimenyetso byagaragaye kuva mu bwana, ariko bishobora kuba bitarigeze bigaragara. Niba utekereza ko ushobora kuba ufite ibimenyetso bya ADHD, ni byiza kuvugana na muganga wawe ukagupima.

Noneho reka turebe uko iki kizamini gikora.

Iyi si inzira y'intambwe imwe gusa. Abaganga bakurikiza intambwe nyinshi kugira ngo bapime iyi ndwara, bakoresheje amabwiriza yo mu Ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5-TR™).

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ADHD bugizwe n'intambwe eshatu z'ingenzi:

1. Kumenya ibimenyetso: Ubwa mbere, menya niba hari ibimenyetso bifitanye isano na ADHD, kandi niba ibyo bimenyetso bibangamira imirimo ya buri munsi.

2. Kutagaragaza izindi mpamvu: Dushaka izindi mpamvu zitera ibi bimenyetso. Urugero, ibi bimenyetso bishobora guterwa n'ibintu nk'ibibazo byo gusinzira, ibibazo byo mu muryango, no kwiheba.

3. Kumenya izindi ndwara (Comorbidity): Dushaka izindi ndwara zijyana na ADHD, nko kugira ubumuga bwo kwiga, indwara zo guhangayika, ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, cyangwa indwara zo mu mutwe.

Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma ADHD, ushobora kwitega ibintu nk'ibi:

• Isuzuma ry’abaganga: Isuzuma ry’ubuvuzi, iry’umubiri, cyangwa iry’imitsi rikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ibimenyetso bya ADHD (kubura ubushobozi bwo kwita ku bintu, gukora cyane, guhubuka).
• Ibibazo n'ikusanyamakuru:Ibibazo byihariye (ibipimo by'amanota) n'andi masoko y'amakuru bikoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe niba umwana cyangwa wowe byujuje ibisabwa bisanzwe.
• Ikiganiro: Kubaza imyitwarire y'umwana mu buryo butandukanye, nko mu rugo no ku ishuri.

Kugira ngo abaganga basuzume ADHD, bareba by’umwihariko ibi bintu.

Ese hari izindi ndwara zisa n'izijyanye na ADHD?

Yego. Kugira ngo umuganga wawe amenye neza indwara ya ADHD, azakenera kumenya izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibi bimenyetso. Dore izindi ndwara zishobora kwitiranywa na ADHD.

Ni iki kibaho mbere na nyuma y'ikizamini?

Ni gute wakwitegura ikizamini?

Iyo ugiye kwipimisha, zana urutonde rw'imiti yose wowe cyangwa umwana wawe urimo gufata ubu. Nanone, itegure gusubiza ibibazo bijyanye n'amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, imikorere y'ishuri cyangwa akazi, n'imyitwarire. Ambara neza, kuko ushobora no gukorerwa isuzuma ry'umubiri.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe cy'ikizamini?

• Gusubiza ibibazo: Uzakenera kuvugana na muganga ku bijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe cyangwa ubwa mwana wawe, ibimenyetso bye, n'imyitwarire ye.
• Ikizamini:Ushobora kuzuza urupapuro rumwe cyangwa byinshi by'ibibazo. Ushobora kandi gusaba umuryango, inshuti, cyangwa abarimu kuzuza urutonde rw'ibibazo.
• Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Isuzuma rusange ry'umubiri rikorwa kugira ngo hatabaho izindi ndwara.
• Kwitegereza umwana: Niba ikizamini kirimo gukorwa ku mwana wawe, muganga azamarana umwanya n'umwana kugira ngo arebe uko yitwara.

Ikizamini kimara igihe kingana iki?

Isuzuma rya ADHD risanzwe rifata isaha imwe kugeza kuri eshatu . Ariko, isuzuma ryuzuye rishobora gufata igihe kirekire kuko muganga agomba gukusanya amakuru aturutse ahantu henshi (ababyeyi, abarimu). Niba hakenewe ibindi bizamini kugira ngo hamenyekane izindi ndwara, bishobora gufata iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru.

Ni ibihe bisubizo nyuma y'ikizamini?

Kubera ko gupima ADHD ari inzira y’intambwe nyinshi, ibisubizo bishobora gutandukana. Wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mushobora gusanganwa indi ndwara, nko guhangayika cyangwa kwiheba, aho gusanganwa ADHD.

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe wujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo umenye ADHD, muganga wawe ashobora kugusuzuma ubwoko bumwe mu bwoko bune bw'ingenzi bwa ADHD:

• Ubwoko bw’abantu bafite ubushake bwinshi bwo gukora cyane/gukora cyane: Abantu bagaragaza ubushake bwinshi/gukora cyane mu gihe cy’amezi 6, ariko ntibashobora gufatwa nk' "abatitaye ku byo bakora."
• Ubwoko bw’umuntu utita cyane ku kintu: Mbere yitwaga ADD, uyu ni umuntu umaze nibura amezi 6 afite ibibazo byo kwita ku kintu ariko ntabwo afatwa nk’umuntu uhora akora cyane cyangwa uhora yihuta.
• Ubwoko buhuriweho: Abagaragaza ibimenyetso byombi bya ADHD (kutita ku bintu no gukora cyane) byibuze amezi 6. Abenshi mu bana bafite ADHD bagwa muri ubwo bwoko.
• Izindi ndwara za ADHD zigaragazwa/zitavuzwe: Abantu bafite ibibazo byo kwita ku bintu ariko batujuje ibisabwa byose kugira ngo bahabwe isuzuma ryuzuye rya ADHD.

Igihe bifata kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ibizamini biterwa n'umubare w'ibindi bizamini muganga akora mbere yo gusuzuma indwara. Ushobora kumenya byinshi kuri ibi ubaza muganga wawe.

Niba wumva ufite impungenge cyangwa ufite ubwoba bwo kwipimisha ADHD, ibuka ko iyi ari indwara ivurwa n'abantu benshi. Gusuzuma no kuvurwa neza bishobora kuzamura ubuzima bwawe cyane. Niba rero utekereza ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mushobora kuba mufite ADHD, vugana na muganga wawe uyu munsi. Bari hano kugufasha.