Ese umwana wawe afite ibi bimenyetso? Reka tumenye indwara ya Reye!

Ese wigeze ubona umwana wawe afite umuriro cyangwa ibicurane, hanyuma mu buryo butunguranye imyitwarire ye igahinduka, akaruka kenshi, cyangwa agasinzira cyane? Niba ubonye impinduka nk'izo, ntuzirengagize nk'ibisanzwe. Kuko, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara idasanzwe ariko ishobora guteza akaga yitwa "Reye's Syndrome." Reka tubiganireho uyu munsi.

Indwara ya Reye ni iki?

Muri make, indwara ya Reye's Syndrome ni indwara idasanzwe ariko ishobora kuba ikomeye. Ibaho iyo ubwonko bw'umwana bubyimbye kandi imikorere y'umwijima igahagarara mu buryo butunguranye nyuma yo kwandura virusi, akenshi ibicurane, grippe, cyangwa redpecte. Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara iyo abana bahawe aspirine kugira ngo igenzure ibimenyetso by'indwara ya virusi. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara mu cyumweru kimwe uhereye igihe virusi itangiriye kwandura.

Ni nde ushobora kurwara indwara ya Reye's Syndrome cyane?

Iyi ndwara ifatwa cyane cyane nk'indwara y'abana. Ariko, ishobora kugaragara mu kigero icyo ari cyo cyose. Ariko, ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bari munsi y'imyaka 18. Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane cyane mu bihe by'umuhindo n'imbeho (mu gihugu cyacu, mu gihe cy'imvura, aho indwara za virusi ziba zikunze kugaragara).

Iki kibazo gikunze kugaragara gute?

Mu by’ukuri, indwara ya Reye's Syndrome ubu ni indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane. Urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abantu babiri gusa ni bo bafatwa n’iyi ndwara buri mwaka.

Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni uko abantu ubu bamaze gusobanukirwa neza iyi ndwara. By’umwihariko, ababyeyi benshi bazi ko atari byiza guha umwana aspirine kugira ngo avure ibimenyetso iyo afite umuriro. Nanone, inkingo zo kurwanya indwara za virusi nka grippe na chickenpox zagabanyije ikwirakwira ry’iyi ndwara.

Ni gute indwara ya Reye igira ingaruka ku mubiri w'umwana?

Nyuma yo kwandura virusi, nk'ibicurane cyangwa inkoko, umwana wawe ashobora gutangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso bishya mu minsi mike (wenda icyumweru kimwe). Ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka ni ukudaha umwana wawe aspirine ibimenyetso bye nta nama za muganga. Kubikora bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara Reye's Syndrome.

Indwara ya Reye itera kwiyongera gutunguranye k'umuvuduko mu bwonko bw'umwana, bishobora gutuma ahinduka mu buryo butunguranye mu myitwarire no mu mico ye. Tekereza umwana wawe ukina kandi wishimye ahita atakaza gushimishwa n'ibikinisho bye akunda, cyangwa agahita arakara cyangwa agahangayika bitewe n'ibintu bisa n'ibidafite akamaro. Izi mpinduka mu byiyumvo zishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cya Reye's Syndrome. Iyo umenye ibi bimenyetso hakiri kare, ushobora gutangira kuvurwa vuba no gufasha umwana wawe gukira.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya Reye's Syndrome?

Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye, kandi biratandukanye bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara. Ibimenyetso bya mbere ni iby'ubwandu busanzwe bwa virusi. Ni ukuvuga ibicurane, kubabara mu muhogo, umuriro, cyangwa inkoko. Nyuma y'iminsi itanu kugeza kuri irindwi ibimenyetso by'ubu bwandu, ibimenyetso bijyanye na Reye's Syndrome bitangira kugaragara. Ni ibi bikurikira:

• Kuruka kenshi.
• Kumva unaniwe cyane kandi usinziriye .
• Ibintu nk'imihangayiko , kwibagirwa, urujijo, no kubona ibintu mu buryo butari bwo .
• Impinduka mu myitwarire: kutava ku izima, kurakara vuba, gutongana.
• Guhumeka vuba.

Izi mpinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko ziterwa n'umuvuduko wiyongereye mu gahanga ((Umuvuduko wo mu bwonko)). Muri icyo gihe, imikorere y'umwijima nayo irahungabana. Iyo indwara irushijeho gukomera, ushobora no kubona ibimenyetso nka:

• Indwara zo mu mutwe.
• Kwishima ni ukubura ubwenge, bisa no gusinzira cyane.
• Gutakaza ubwenge burundu.
• Ibibazo byo kuvura amaraso.
• Ubwiyongere bw'urugero rwa ammonia mu maraso.

Icy'ingenzi: Niba umwana wawe agaragaje kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, haba mu gihe cy'umuriro uterwa na virusi cyangwa nyuma y'iminsi mike umuriro ugabanutse, ugomba guhita ugisha inama kwa muganga, kuko ibi bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ni iki gitera indwara ya Reye's Syndrome?

Mu by’ukuri, impamvu nyayo itera Reye's Syndrome ntiramenyekana.

Ariko, iyi ndwara ikunze guterwa no guha umwana ufite ubwandu bwa virusi (nk'ibicurane cyangwa inkoko) aspirine cyangwa salicylates kugira ngo hamenyekane ibimenyetso. Zimwe mu ndwara za virusi zishobora gutera Reye's Syndrome zirimo:

• Ibicurane
• Indwara y'inkoko
• Indwara z'ubuhumekero
• Ibicurane bisanzwe

Ibimenyetso bya Reye's Syndrome biterwa no kwiyongera k'amazi mu bwonko cyangwa kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'ubwonko (cerebral edema) ndetse n'impinduka mu mwijima.

Ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwerekana ko iyi ndwara mu mwijima iterwa no kwangirika kwa mitochondria ((Mitochondria)) mu turemangingo. Mu magambo make, Mitochondria ((Mitochondria)) ni utwuma duto dutanga ingufu ku turemangingo twacu. Iyo twangiritse, imikorere y'umwijima irahungabana kandi ibimenyetso biragaragara. Ariko, ntibiramenyekana neza impamvu iyi mitochondria ((Mitochondria)) yangiritse.

Ese Aspirine itera indwara ya Reye?

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko aspirine cyangwa ikintu cyitwa salicylate bishobora gutera indwara ya Reye's Syndrome no kongera ubukana bw'ibimenyetso. Ariko, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, impamvu nyayo iracyari amayobera. Kubwibyo, banza uganire na muganga mbere yo guha umwana wawe aspirine iyo afite indwara ya virusi nka grippe. Soma witonze ku kirango cy'umuti uwo ari wo wose uha umwana, urebe neza ko ujyanye n'imyaka ye n'uko wawumuha. Baza muganga wawe niba ufite ikibazo.

Uburyo indwara ya Reye ikora mu mubiri (Pathophysiology)

Ibisobanuro birambuye ((Pathophysiology)) by'uburyo iyi ndwara ikora mu mubiri w'umwana ntibirasobanuka neza.

Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko iyi ndwara ivuka iyo uturemangingo twa mitochondria ((Mitochondria)) twangiritse hamwe n'ubwandu bwa virusi. Iyo aspirine yinjiye mu mubiri w'umwana muri iki gihe, kwangirika kwa mitochondria ((Mitochondria)) kuriyongera kandi ibimenyetso birarushaho kwiyongera. Bitewe na mitochondria yangiritse ((Mitochondria)), urugero rwa ammonia mu maraso ruriyongera. Hanyuma ubwonko butangira kubyimba ((Kubyimba mu bwonko no gushyuha kw'imbere mu bwonko)). Iyo umuvuduko ku bwonko wiyongereye cyane, ibinure biri mu mpyiko bitangira kwangirika ((Kugabanuka kw'ibinure)), kandi imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'imitsi ((Neurons)) nayo iragabanuka.

Indwara ya Reye ipimwa ite? (Isuzuma)

Abaganga bashobora gukeka ko Reye's Syndrome ari yo iyo umwana afite ubwandu bwa virusi hanyuma akagaragaza ibimenyetso bihuye na Reye's Syndrome, nko kuruka no guhinduka mu myitwarire (nk'ihungabana, urujijo). Hanyuma bazakora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo barebe ko hari izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibyo.

Niba umwana wawe asanzwe afite indwara ya Reye, izashyirwa mu byiciro bitewe n'ubukana bwayo. Ibi byiciro birangwa n'imibare y'ikiromani kuva kuri I (imwe - ikomeye cyane) kugeza kuri V (eshanu - ikomeye cyane).

Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara?

Muganga ashobora gukora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo yemeze ko arwaye. Muri ibi harimo:

• Gupima amaraso: Reba urugero rwa ammonia mu maraso hanyuma urebe uburozi buri mu nkari.
• Ibizamini byo gufata amashusho: MRI cyangwa CT scan y'ubwonko.
• Gupima umwijima: Gufata agace gato k'umwijima kugira ngo gasuzumwe.
• Gufata umugongo: Gusuzuma amazi akikije ubwonko n'umugongo (cerebrospinal fluid).

Ese indwara ya Reye's Syndrome ishobora kwirengagizwa?

Kubera ko ibimenyetso bya Reye's Syndrome bisa n'iby'izindi ndwara nyinshi, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kwigwa nabi. Ariko, ibi si ibisanzwe. Zimwe mu ndwara zishobora kwigwa nabi zirimo:

• Encephalitis (umuriro wo mu bwonko)
• Meningite ((Meningite))
• Diyabete ((Diyabete))
• Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge birenze urugero
• Uburozi ((Uburozi))
• Indwara y'urupfu rw'uruhinja rutunguranye ((Indwara y'urupfu rw'uruhinja rutunguranye))
• Indwara zo mu mutwe

Indwara ya Reye ivurwa ite?

Intego nyamukuru y'ubuvuzi ni ukurinda ubwonko bw'umwana. Ibi bivuze kugabanya kubyimba k'ubwonko, gusana ibyangiritse ku mwijima no mu mikorere y'ingufu ((Impanuka ya metabolike)), no gukumira ibibazo by'ibihaha. Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo ibi bikurikira:

• Kugira ngo worohereze guhumeka, shyira umuyoboro mu muyoboro w'umuyaga (intubation endotracheal) cyangwa uwushyire ku cyuma gifasha guhumeka.
• Gukomeza gushyira umwana hejuru umutwe.
• Gutanga imiti igabanya urugero rwa amoniya mu maraso ((imiti igabanya uburozi bwa amoniya)).
• Gutanga imiti yo kugenzura isukari mu maraso ((Glucose)).
• Tanga vitamine K cyangwa plasma kugira ngo wongere amaraso avunguka.

Niba umwana wawe asanzwe afite indwara ya Reye's Syndrome, azahita yinjizwa mu cyumba cy’ubuvuzi bw’inyongera (ICU) kandi ubuvuzi buzatangira. Itsinda ry’abaganga rizahora rikurikirana ibintu byose, harimo n’ubushyuhe bw’umubiri w’umwana n’imikorere y’ingingo z’ingenzi, kugira ngo barebe niba ubuvuzi bwagenze neza.

Ese hari ingaruka mbi zikomoka ku buvuzi?

Abana benshi bagaragayeho indwara ya Reye's Syndrome barakira burundu. Ariko, iyo ubwonko bw'umwana bubyimbye cyane, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho. Zirimo:

• Gutakaza kwibuka ((Gutakaza kwibuka))
• Ingorane zo kwiga ((Ingorane zo kwiga))
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kureba no kumva
• Ikibazo mu mivugire no mu rurimi
• Kugorwa no kwimura umubiri no gukora imirimo ya buri munsi, nko kwambara.

Mu bihe nk'ibi, umwana aba akeneye ubufasha bwihariye no kwitabwaho uko akura.

Umwana azakira vuba gute nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Nyuma yo kuvurwa, ubwonko bw'umwana wawe bumaze kubyimba, azatangira gukira. Bishobora gufata iminsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike kugira ngo umwana wawe akire bihagije kugira ngo ave mu bitaro. Itsinda ry'abaganga rizagukurikiranira amakuru ajyanye n'iterambere ry'umwana wawe.

Ni iki nakwitega mu gihe umwana wanjye arwaye Reye's Syndrome?

Uburyo umwana azarwara buterwa n'uburemere bw'indwara ye, cyane cyane ingano y'ububyimbe bw'ubwonko n'urugero rwa ammonia mu maraso. Iyo indwara ikomeje kwiyongera cyane umwana akagwa muri koma, amahirwe yo gukira aba make. Ariko, iyo indwara imenyekanye kandi ikavurwa hakiri kare, amahirwe yo gukira aba menshi cyane.

Igipimo cy'impfu ku bana banduye Reye's Syndrome ni hafi 21%. Ibi biri hagati ya 2% by'abana bafite indwara yo mu cyiciro cya mbere (yoroheje) na 80% by'abana bafite indwara yo mu cyiciro cya gatanu (koma). Kumenya no kuvurwa hakiri kare byongera cyane amahirwe yo kubaho.

Abana bagaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye bya Reye's Syndrome bashobora kugira ingaruka mbi zirambye kugeza bakuze. Urugero, kwangirika k'ubwonko, ibibazo byo mu mutwe, igicuri, intege nke z'imitsi, n'ibibazo by'imitsi.

Ese hari umuti wihariye wavura indwara ya Reye?

Nta muti wihariye uhari. Ariko, abana benshi bakira burundu, bitewe n'uko barwaye. Ubuvuzi bugamije kugabanya ibimenyetso no gukumira ingorane cyangwa urupfu rw'igihe kirekire.

Ni gute wakwirinda indwara ya Reye's Syndrome?

Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi twese tugomba kumenya. Kubera ko hari isano iri hagati ya aspirine na Reye's Syndrome, iyi ndwara ishobora kwirindwa wirinda guha abana aspirine, cyane cyane abana bari munsi y'imyaka 16. Niba umwana wawe akeneye aspirine kugira ngo avure ikibazo afite, ntuzigere umuha aspirine utabanje kuvugana na muganga.

Buri gihe soma witonze ku kirango mbere yo guha umwana umuti uwo ari wo wose, reba niba umuti ujyanye n'imyaka ye, kandi urebe amabwiriza y'uko awutanga. Niba ushidikanya, baza muganga wawe cyangwa umufarumasiye.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba umwana wawe agaragaje ibimenyetso bya Reye's Syndrome nyuma yo kugira umuriro cyangwa kwandura virusi, cyangwa niba warahaye umwana wawe aspirine cyangwa umuti urimo salicylate nta nama ya muganga, hita ugana kwa muganga.

Ni ryari nkwiye kujya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa (ETU) ?

Niba umwana wawe afite isereri ((Seizures)), bivuze ko atakaza ubwenge by'igihe gito, agatembagaza amaboko n'amaguru mu buryo budasubirwaho, arakaye, cyangwa agaragaza ibimenyetso byo kutamenya, hamagara 911 ako kanya, cyangwa ujyane umwana wawe mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi kiri hafi. Ubusanzwe isereri imara amasegonda 30 kugeza ku minota ibiri.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

• Ese umwana wanjye ashobora kugira ibimenyetso bya Reye's Syndrome nyuma yo kuva mu bitaro?
• Ni gute gusuzuma indwara ya Reye's Syndrome bigira ingaruka ku hazaza h'umwana wanjye?
• Ni iyihe miti ntagomba guha umwana wanjye iyo arwaye?

Ese dose imwe ya Pepto-Bismol® ishobora gutera Reye's Syndrome?

Pepto-Bismol® irimo kandi ikintu cyitwa salicylate, kimeze nka aspirine. Kubwibyo, ntibyemewe kuyiha abana nta nama za muganga. Guha abana aspirine mu gihe cy'ubwandu bwa virusi nk'ibicurane bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bya Reye's Syndrome. Ariko, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, impamvu nyayo ya Reye's Syndrome ntabwo iramenyekana. Buri gihe soma agapapuro kabigenewe cyangwa ubaze umufarumasiye wawe cyangwa muganga mbere yo guha umwana umuti uwo ari wo wose.

Hanyuma, ubutumwa bw'ingenzi cyane

Niba uzi ibimenyetso bya Reye's Syndrome kandi ukabona impinduka mu myitwarire y'umwana wawe cyangwa ibimenyetso bishya nyuma yo kwandura virusi, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka. Menyesha umwana wawe amakuru ajyanye n'inkingo ze. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane mu bihe indwara za virusi zikunze kugaragara (nk'igihe cy'imvura). Niba umwana wawe asanzwe afite Reye's Syndrome, itsinda ry'abaganga rizagukurikirana rikumenyesha uko ubuzima bw'umwana wawe buhagaze kandi riguhe ubufasha bukenewe. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugutuza no gukora ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge.

Indwara ya Reye , asipirine, indwara z'abana, umuriro uterwa na virusi, indwara z'umwijima, kubyimba ubwonko, kuruka