Ese muganga wawe yakubwiye ko umutima wawe ufite intege nke ku buryo udashobora gukompa amaraso neza? Cyangwa hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite iyi ndwara? Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku gikoresho cyihariye gikoreshwa mu gufasha umutima mu gihe umutima wagize ikibazo gikomeye. Iki cyitwa Ventricular Assist Device, cyangwa VAD mu magambo ahinnye.
Mu magambo make, iyi VAD ni iki?
Tekereza umutima wawe nk'umuyoboro muto upompa amaraso mu mubiri wawe wose. Hari igihe uyu muyoboro uba ufite intege nke. Hanyuma ntubashe gukora neza. Muri icyo gihe, VAD ni igikoresho gifasha umutima kohereza amaraso mu mutima ukayajyana mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Ni nko kongeramo undi muyoboro muto kugira ngo ufashe umuyoboro ufite intege nke.
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa VAD. Reka turebe ubwoko bw'ingenzi.
| Ubwoko bwa VAD | Urimo gukora iki? |
|---|---|
| Igikoresho gifasha imitsi yo mu bwonko bw'ibumoso (LVAD) | Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze gukoreshwa cyane. Bukora ku ruhande rw'ibumoso rw'umutima (ventricle y'ibumoso). Bufasha mu kohereza amaraso meza kandi afite ogisijeni ava mu mutima ajya mu gice cyose cy'umubiri. |
| Igikoresho gifasha imitsi yo mu bwonko bw'iburyo (RVAD) | Ibi bifasha uruhande rw'iburyo rw'umutima. Bifasha gusukura amaraso yanduye mu mubiri (amaraso afite umwuka muke) binyuze mu kuyashyira mu bihaha. |
| Igikoresho gifasha mu gutera amaraso mu mitsi ibiri | Ibi bifasha impande zombi z'umutima. Ni ukuvuga impande zombi z'ibumoso n'iz'iburyo. |
| Indwara z'abana zo kurwanya indwara z'abana | Izi ni VAD nto zagenewe abana bato. Zishobora gukoreshwa kuva ku mwana ukiri muto kugeza ku mwana muto. |
Kuki nkeneye VAD?
Niba ufite ikibazo cy’umutima kigeze aho kandi umutima wawe udashobora kohereza amaraso ahagije ku mubiri wawe wonyine, ushobora gukenera VAD. Ifite akamaro katatu k’ingenzi.
- Ikiraro cyo gutera umutima: Hari abantu bemerewe guterwa umutima. Ariko bagomba gutegereza igihe runaka kugira ngo umutima uhuye na wo uboneke. Muri icyo gihe, iyi VAD ikoreshwa mu gufasha umutima wawe ufite intege nke. Ni nk'ikiraro .
- Ikiraro cyo gukira: Hari igihe umutima ushobora gucika intege by'igihe gito. Iyo uvuwe neza, umutima ushobora gukira. Kugeza igihe uwo mutima uzakira, iyi VAD ishobora gukoreshwa mu gufasha.
- Ubuvuzi bwo kujya kwa muganga: Hari abarwayi bashobora kudashobora guterwa umutima bitewe n'imyaka cyangwa izindi ndwara. Kuri abo barwayi, iyi VAD ishobora gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho cy'ubuzima bwabo bwose gishyigikira umutima. Ibi bituma baramba kandi bakagira ubuzima bwiza.
Iyi mashini ya VAD ikora ite?
Iki gikoresho gifite ibice byinshi. Bimwe bifatanye n'umutima kandi biri imbere mu mubiri. Ibindi bice biri hanze y'umubiri.
| Igice cy'igikoresho | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Kanula yinjiye | Uyu ni umuyoboro muto uhuza icyumba cy'umutima. Amaraso ari mu mutima ajya mu ipompo ikoresha ikoranabuhanga binyuze muri uyu muyoboro. |
| Pompe ya mekanike | Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cya VAD. Iyi pompe ikora akazi ko gupompa k'umutima wawe. |
| Kanula isohoka | Uyu kandi ni umuyoboro. Utwara amaraso ava kuri pompe ya mechanical akayajyana mu mitsi mikuru y'amaraso y'umubiri (aorta) cyangwa mu mitsi ijya mu bihaha (pulmonary artery). |
| Umuyoboro w'imodoka | Uru ni insinga ikomeye iva muri VAD imbere mu mubiri wawe no mu ruhu rwawe. Aha niho VAD ihuzwa n'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe kiri hanze. |
| Umugenzuzi | Ibi ni nk'imashini ntoya. Igenzura imikorere ya VAD. Wowe na muganga wawe mushobora kuyireba kugira ngo murebe niba VAD ikora neza. |
| Paki ya bateri yo hanze | Iyi ni bateri itanga ingufu zikenewe kuri VAD. Hari bateri nyamukuru na bateri y'inyongera. VAD ihujwe na bateri zino binyuze mu cyuma gipima umuriro. |
Ni iki kibaho mbere yo kubagwa?
Si abantu bose bafite ikibazo gikomeye cy'umutima bashobora kugira VAD. Kugira ngo bamenye niba uri umukandida mwiza, bazasuzuma neza ubuvuzi n'imitekerereze. Ibi bizaba birimo gusuzuma neza umutima wawe n'izindi ngingo z'ingenzi (nk'impyiko n'umwijima). Bazasuzuma kandi izindi ndwara. Bimwe mu bizamini bishobora gukorwa birimo:
- Isuzuma ry'umutima (Electrocardiogram) (ECG)
- Echocardiogram (Ishusho)
- Isuzuma rya mudasobwa (CT)
- Isuzuma ry'imyitozo ngororamubiri
- Gupima umutima hakoreshejwe catheter (ibizamini bikorerwa hifashishijwe catheter mu mutima)
Nanone, wowe n'umuryango wawe muzamenya neza ibijyanye no kubana na VAD n'uburyo bwo kuyiyitaho buri munsi. Ni ngombwa cyane gushyiramo umuntu ushobora kugufasha, yaba uwo mu muryango wawe cyangwa undi muntu wa hafi yawe, muri iki gikorwa.
Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo kubagwa?
Ubu ni ukubagwa gukomeye. Mu magambo make, ibiba muri iki gihe ni ibi bikurikira:
1. Anesthesia: Ubwa mbere, uzasinzira burundu (anesthesia rusange). Bityo ntuzumva ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kandi ntuzibagirwa kubagwa.
2. Ubufasha mu guhumeka: Nyuma yo kubagwa , no mu minsi mike ya mbere mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU), icyuma gihumeka kizagufasha guhumeka.
3. Kubagwa:Umuganga ubaga agukata hagati mu gituza maze akajya aho umutima wawe uri.
4. Imashini ikoresha umutima n'ibihaha: Hanyuma, uzahuzwa n'imashini yihariye. Yitwa `Cardiopulmonary Bypass Machine`. Mu gihe cyo kubagwa, akazi k'umutima n'ibihaha bikorwa by'agateganyo n'iyi mashini. Uzahabwa kandi umuti witwa `Heparin` kugira ngo wirinde kuvura amaraso.
5. Gutera VAD: Umuganga ubaga ashyira igikoresho cya VAD ahantu hakwiye mu mutima. Hanyuma umurongo uyobora uvanwa mu nda unyuze mu ruhu rw'inda.
6. Gufungura imashini: Iyo VAD imaze guhuzwa, irafunguka hanyuma ugakurwa muri iyo mashini yihariye.
7. Kurangiza kubagwa: Iyo VAD imaze gukora neza, umuti witwa `Protamine` utangwa kugira ngo ufashe amaraso kongera kubyimba mu buryo busanzwe, igufwa ryo mu gituza rigafatwa n'insinga, kandi igikomere cy'uruhu kigashyirwamo imisumari.
Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha VAD?
Abantu benshi batangira guhura n'ibi bintu iyo babana na VAD:
- Koroshya guhumeka: Umunaniro no guhumeka nabi biragabanuka cyane.
- Imikorere myiza y'ingingo: Izindi ngingo mu mubiri zibona amaraso meza, bityo imikorere yazo irushaho kuba myiza.
- Gusubiza imbaraga: Umunaniro ukabije wari uhari mbere urashira, kandi umubiri wumva ufite imbaraga nziza.
Mu magambo make, VAD ishobora kuzamura cyane ubuzima bwawe.
Ni izihe ngaruka zijyanye n'ibi?
Nk’uko bigenda mu kubagwa gukomeye kose, hari ingaruka zishobora kubaho, kandi no mu gihe ukoresha iki gikoresho ubuzima bwawe bwose, hari ingorane zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho.
- Umutima utera ku buryo budasanzwe (Arrhythmias)
- Kuva amaraso
- Amaraso apfutse
- Kwandura
- Ikosa ry'igikoresho
- Umutima urwaye uruhande rw'iburyo
- Impanuka y'imitsi yo mu bwonko ( stroke )
Ntugatinye izi ngaruka. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rihora rishakisha uburyo bwo kuzikumira no kuzicunga mu gihe zibaye.
Ibintu ugomba kuzirikana mu gihe ubana n'umuti wa VAD
Nyuma yo kubagwa, uzagomba kumara iminsi mike mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU). Hanyuma uzahabwa ubwiherero busanzwe. Mu gihe uzaba uri mu bitaro, uzatozwa kubaho ukoresheje ibi bikoresho.
Nujya mu rugo, fata ibi bikurikira:
- Fata umuti neza neza:Ni ingenzi cyane gufata imiti igabanya amaraso nka Warfarin, itangwa kugira ngo hirindwe kubyimba kw'amaraso, neza kandi ku gihe. Ugomba kandi gufata indi miti yo kurwanya umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso no kugenzura umuvuduko w'umutima neza.
- Kwita ku Gikoresho: Uzahabwa amabwiriza y'uburyo bwo kubungabunga igikoresho, bateri, n'umurongo w'imodoka. Kurikiza aya mabwiriza witonze.
- Impinduka mu mibereho:
- Igikoresho ntikigomba kwinjizwa mu mazi. Ibi bivuze ko udashobora koga cyangwa koga na cyo. Ariko, turakwereka uburyo bwo kwiyuhagira igikoresho gipfundikiye neza.
- Siporo yo gukubitana igomba kwirindwa kuko, niba ufata imiti yo kugabanya amaraso, n'imvune ntoya ishobora gutera kuva amaraso menshi.
- Buri gihe ugomba kuba uhujwe na bateri cyangwa ukoresheje icyuma gifunga urukuta.
- Ubuzima bwiza ku mutima: Irinde kunywa itabi burundu. Rya indyo yuzuye. Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri ikwiye nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse.
Igihe cyo kubonana na muganga
Kubana na VAD bivuze ko uzakenera kujya kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri gihe. Nubwo ushobora kujyayo kenshi ku ncuro ya mbere, inshuro zizagabanuka uko ubuzima bwawe bugenda burushaho kuba bwiza.
Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya:
| Ibimenyetso mu mubiri | Ibibazo by'ibikoresho |
|---|---|
| - Kubabara mu gituza - Kuva amaraso - Inkari zijimye - Umuriro cyangwa ubukonje - Ububabare bw'ingingo - Gutukura, kubyimba, n'ububabare aho ibyimbiwe cyangwa umurongo uyobora amaguru bisohokera - Kwiyongera ibiro cyangwa kubyimba mu buryo butunguranye kw'amaboko n'ibirenge | - Niba umugenzuzi, umurongo w'imodoka, cyangwa batiri bigaragara ko byangiritse - Niba umugenzuzi w'igenzura arimo kwerekana ubutumwa bw'amakosa - Niba inzogera iri guhamagara kandi utazi uburyo bwo kuyihagarika |
Tekereza no ku buzima bwo mu mutwe
Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite agahinda no guhangayika mu gihe ubayeho mu mpinduka zikomeye. Ariko ntukabihishe. Nta mpamvu yo kugira isoni. Niba umeze utyo, vugana na muganga wawe .
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Igikoresho gifasha mu mitsi yo mu bwonko (VAD) ni igikoresho gifasha umutima utera amaraso mu buryo bukabije.
- Ibi bishobora gukoreshwa nk'inkunga y'ubuzima bwawe bwose kugeza igihe umutima utewe, kugeza igihe umutima ukize, cyangwa ndetse n'ubuzima bwawe bwose.
- Nubwo iki ari igikorwa gikomeye cyo kubaga, gishobora kugufasha cyane kongera igihe cyo kubaho no kunoza ubuzima bwawe.
- Mu gihe ubana n'indwara ya VAD, ni ingenzi cyane kwita ku gikoresho neza, gufata imiti neza, no gukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe.
- Niba ubonye ikintu kidasanzwe mu mubiri wawe cyangwa mu bikoresho byawe, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya. Wite kandi ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe.
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