Uribuka mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya coronavirus, twese twari duhugiye kuri televiziyo cyangwa kuri telefoni zacu dutegereje amakuru agezweho? Rimwe mu magambo wumvise kenshi muri icyo gihe ryari "Umuganga w'indwara za virusi." Twakunze kumva ibintu nka "Umuganga w'indwara za virusi aravuga ibi," "Iki ni igitekerezo gishya cy'abaganga b'indwara za virusi." None se umuganga w'indwara za virusi ni nde? Bakora iki? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.
Uyu muganga w’indwara za virusi ni nde?
Muri make, inzobere mu by’indwara za virusi ni umuntu wiga virusi mu buryo bwimbitse kandi akaba afite ubunararibonye muri zo. Virusi ni udukoko duto cyane tudashobora kubona n’amaso yacu. Zishobora kwanduza abantu, inyamaswa, n’ibimera gusa, ndetse na bagiteri.
Umuganga w’indwara za virusi yiga ibintu byinshi kuri izi virusi. Urugero:
- Ni gute virusi yinjira mu mubiri wacu ikabyara?
- Bikwirakwira bite mu bantu bari hafi aho?
- Ni gute inkingo zikorwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura virusi?
- Ni gute wabona imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ziterwa na virusi?
Inshingano yabo nyamukuru ni ukubonera ibisubizo by'ibibazo bigoye cyane nk'ibi.
Umuganga w’indwara za virusi akora iki?
Nubwo ijambo "inzobere mu by'indwara z'ibicurane" rikoreshwa, hari imirimo myinshi itandukanye n'inshingano nyinshi muri iryo zina. Tekereza kuri ubu buryo: bamwe bakora ubushakashatsi muri laboratwari, abandi bakavura abarwayi mu bitaro. Ni nk'iyo uvuze "injeniyeri," hari amashami atandukanye nko mu by'ubwubatsi bw'ibyatsi n'ubwubatsi bw'imashini.
Ushobora kubona igitekerezo cyiza kuri ibi uhereye ku mbonerahamwe iri hepfo.
| Imiterere y'akazi | Ibisobanuro byoroshye by'ibirimo gukorwa |
|---|---|
| Gukora mu bitaro | Ingero zafashwe ku barwayi (urugero: amaraso, amatembabuzi) zirapimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane virusi ihari. Bityo, abaganga bahabwa inama zo kuvura. |
| Gukora nk'umuganga | Nk'inzobere mu ndwara zandura, uvura abarwayi banduye virusi mu buryo butaziguye. Urugero, uvura indwara zidakira nka virusi itera SIDA cyangwa hepatite. |
| Ubushakashatsi bw'ibanze | Muri kaminuza cyangwa ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi, dukora ubushakashatsi ku bintu by’ibanze, nko uburyo virusi ikora n’uko yinjira mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Ubu bushakashatsi ni bwo shingiro ryo guhanga imiti mishya. |
| Ubushakashatsi Bushyirwa mu Bikorwa | Bakoresha ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bw'ibanze kugira ngo bakore ibintu bifatika nk'inkingo cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imiti. Aba bantu bakunze gukorera ibigo bicuruza imiti. |
| Serivisi mu bigo nderabuzima bya leta | Minisiteri y'Ubuzima mu gihugu, ikorana n'imiryango nka OMS, igaragaza virusi nshya zivuka kandi igatanga inama ku bijyanye no kurwanya ikwirakwira ry'ibyorezo. |
Uretse ibi, hari imirimo itandukanye nko kuba umunyamakuru wandika ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi n'umwanditsi w'inkunga wandika ibitekerezo byo gushaka inkunga yo gukora ubushakashatsi.
Ese ugomba kujya mu ishuri ry’ubuganga kugira ngo ube umuganga w’indwara za virusi?
Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bibaza. Igisubizo ni oya rwose. Ariko abahanga benshi mu by’indwara za virusi bafite impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga mu buvuzi (MD) cyangwa impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD). Bamwe bashobora kuba bafite byombi.
Mu magambo make, itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyo byombi ni iri:
- Ubuganga bw'Abaganga (MD): Ubu buvuzi butangwa nyuma yo kwiga mu ishuri ry'ubuganga no guhugurwa kugira ngo basuzume, bapime, kandi bavure abarwayi. Aba bantu bibanda ku kwita ku barwayi.
- Dogiteri w’Ubuhanga mu bya Filozofiya (PhD): Iyi mpano itangwa nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse mu ishami runaka no kongera ubumenyi bushya ku isi. Aba bantu bibanda ku bushakashatsi no gukemura ibibazo.
Niba ushaka kuvura abarwayi mu buryo butaziguye no gukorana nabo, ni ngombwa kubona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu buvuzi (MD). Ariko niba ishyaka ryawe ari ugukora muri laboratwari, gushaka ibintu bishya, no gukora ubushakashatsi, impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (PhD) irakwiriye kurushaho.
Urugendo rwo kuba umuganga w'indwara za virusi
Uru rugendo ni rurerure. Rusaba impamyabumenyi nziza mu mashuri no kwitanga cyane.
Intambwe ku yindi...
1. Urwego rwo hejuru: Ubwa mbere, ugomba gutsinda neza icyiciro cya siyansi cyo hejuru, cyane cyane ibinyabuzima n'ubutabire.
2. Impamyabumenyi ya mbere: Nyuma y'ibyo, ugomba kubona impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu ishami nka Biology, Chimie, Microbiology, cyangwa Medical Laboratory Science.
3. Impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza: Intambwe ikurikiraho iterwa n'intego zawe.
- Kugira ngo ukore ubushakashatsi: Uzakenera kwiga kugeza ku ishami rya Master of Science (MS) cyangwa Doctorat Degree (PhD) muri Virology cyangwa ikindi gisa nabyo.
- Kuvura abarwayi: Ugomba kwiga mu ishuri ry’ubuganga, ukabona impamyabumenyi y’ubuganga (MD), hanyuma ugahabwa amahugurwa yihariye mu bijyanye n’indwara zandura cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri.
- Gukora ubushakashatsi no kwita ku barwayi: Hari abantu bakora impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu buvuzi n'iy'ikirenga. Hariho gahunda za `MD-PhD` kuri ibyo.
Ubusanzwe, uru rugendo rushobora gufata imyaka 10 nyuma y'amashuri yisumbuye. Nubwo ari igihe kirekire, serivisi ishobora gukorerwa isi muri uru rwego ni nziza cyane.
Ingingo z'ingenzi kuri uru rugendo
- Ubumenyi bw'ibinyabuzima - cyane cyane Ubumenyi bw'ibinyabuzima, Ubumenyi bw'uturemangingo, n'Ubumenyi bw'ibinyabuzima bw'ibinyabutabire
- Ubutabire - cyane cyane Ubutabire bw'ibinyabuzima
- Ibyerekeye imiterere y'uturemangingo
- Ubumenyi bw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
- Inyigo ku ndwara ya kanseri (Oncology)
Itandukaniro riri hagati y'umuganga w'indwara za virusi n'umuganga w'indwara z'ibyorezo
Twarumvise aya mazina yombi cyane mu gihe cya Corona. Aba bantu bombi bakora ibintu bitandukanye. Reka dusobanukirwe n'urugero rworoshye.
Tekereza itsinda ry'abantu banyoye amazi yo ku iriba ryo mu mudugudu barwaye mu buryo butunguranye.
- Umuganga w’indwara za virusi: Icyo akora ni ugufata icyitegererezo cy’amazi yo mu iriba akajya muri laboratwari akamenya virusi irimo. Akora ubushakashatsi ku myitwarire y’iyo virusi n’uburyo bwo kuyirimbura. Areba cyane indwara yanduza .
- Umuganga w’indwara z’ibyorezo: Icyo akora ni ukumenya uburyo indwara yakwirakwiriye. Ni nde wanduye iyi ndwara? Ni iyihe myaka? Ese bose banyoye amazi yo mu iriba rimwe? Ni iki cyakorwa kugira ngo iyi ndwara ikomeze gukwirakwira? Atanga inama ku rwego rw’ubuzima rusange. Areba uko iyi ndwara ikwirakwira .
Mu magambo make, mu gihe abahanga mu bya virusi biga virusi, abahanga mu by’indwara z’ibyorezo biga uburyo iyo virusi ikwirakwira muri sosiyete.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Umuganga w’indwara za virusi ni inzobere mu kwiga virusi mu buryo bwimbitse.
- Bashobora gukorera mu bitaro, muri laboratwari z'ubushakashatsi, muri za kaminuza, mu bigo bicuruza imiti, no mu bigo byita ku buzima rusange.
- Kugira ngo ukore muri uru rwego, ni ngombwa cyane kubona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu buvuzi (MD) cyangwa impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (PhD). Biterwa n'ubwoko bw'akazi ushaka gukora.
- Uyu ni umwuga w'ingenzi cyane usaba ubwitange n'igihe kinini, kandi ushobora gutanga serivisi nziza ku bantu.
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