Ese amaso yawe arimo kugaragara nabi? Ese ubona utudomo tw'umukara imbere y'amaso yawe? Bishobora kuba ari Ukwiyongera kw'amababa mu maso!

Ese nawe wumva amaso yawe agenda ahinduka gato uko ugenda usaza? Hari igihe iyo urebye igitabo cyangwa ikinyamakuru, wumva amabaruwa adasobanutse neza, cyangwa wumva ubona ibintu hafi? Nubwo ibi ari ibintu bisanzwe bibaho uko ugenda usaza, hari igihe ibi bishobora kuba ikintu ugomba guhangayikishwaho gato. Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye kiba mu jisho cyitwa "wet macular degeneration", cyangwa "Wet Macular Degeneration - WMD" (Ububi bw'amaso bushobora kuba buto). Reka tubiganireho birambuye uyu munsi.

Kugabanuka k'amagufwa mu mubiri (Wet Macular Degeneration) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, kwangirika kw'amaso ni ubwoko bukomeye kandi buteye imbere bw'indwara yo kwangirika kw'amaso iterwa n'imyaka (ARMD), indwara igira ingaruka ku maso yacu uko tugenda dusaza. Noneho ushobora kwibaza icyo ARMD ari cyo. Ni indwara itera kwangirika kw'amaso , igice cy'ijisho kidufasha kubona neza uko tugenda dusaza.

Rero, iyo iki kibazo kibaye gikomeye, ni ukuvuga iyo habayeho kwangirika kw'amabara y'ijisho (WMD), imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso, ariko itari myiza, itangira gukora munsi y'urukiramende rwitwa retina imbere mu jisho. Kubera ko iyi miyoboro mishya y'amaraso iba ifite intege nke cyane, itangira kuva amaraso n'amazi. Aya maraso n'amazi biva bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo two muri retina bigatuma tubona nabi, cyane cyane kureba hagati . Mu by'ukuri, ibi ni byo ubona iyo urebye imbere.

Tekereza, iyo urebye isura y'umuntu, hagati mu maso haba hatagaragara neza, kandi ntubona neza ibintu biyikikije. Ni ko bigenda muri iki gihe.

Uku kuva amaraso bishobora kandi gutuma inkovu zivuka. Ibi bishobora kwangiza cyane macula, bigatuma kureba birushaho kuba bibi. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, uku kuva amaraso n'inkovu bishobora gutuma umuntu atabasha kubona neza. Ariko, iyo bigaragaye kandi bigavurwa hakiri kare , uku kwangirika burundu gushobora kwirindwa, cyangwa kureba bigahagarikwa. Kubwibyo, niba ubonye impinduka mu kureba kwawe, ni ngombwa cyane kubonana n'inzobere mu by'amaso vuba bishoboka.

Andi mazina abaganga bakoresha kuri iyi ndwara ni "exudative macular degeneration" na "neovascular macular degeneration." "Exudate" ni ijambo ry'ubuvuzi risobanura "amazi ava." Niho izina rikomoka.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu rugero rungana iki?

Ingaruka zo kurwara `(ARMD)` ziyongera uko tugenda dusaza. Mu by’ukuri, ni yo mpamvu ikomeye itera abantu barengeje imyaka 60 kutabona neza. Hagati ya 10% na 20% by’abantu bafite `(ARMD)` barwara `(WMD)`. Ibyo bivuze ko abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 10 na 20 ku isi barwaye iyi ndwara.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara yo kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'uruhu (wet macular degeneration)?

Iyi ndwara ya `(WMD)` itera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba hagati mu buryo butagira ububabare.Amaso yombi ashobora kugira ingaruka, ariko rimwe na rimwe ijisho rimwe rigira ingaruka nyinshi irindi rikagira ingaruka nke.

Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi:

• Kubona utudomo twijimye cyangwa utureremba imbere y'amaso .
• Kureba nabi , cyane cyane iyo urebye hafi.
• Kugabanuka cyangwa kugabanuka k'uburyo amabara abona . Ushobora kutabasha gutandukanya ubururu n'umuhondo.
• Kubona nabi / guhinduka k'umubiri . Urugero, imigozi y'idirishya ishobora gusa n'aho yarambuye.
• Kubona ibintu bito kurusha uko biri mu by'ukuri (micropsia) .
• Ahantu ho kureba hijimye .
• Uduheri two mu maso/skotoma .
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba hagati, hasigaye kureba mu mpande gusa .

Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bimenyetso, menya neza ko ugiye kubonana n'umuganga w'amaso ako kanya.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'uruhu (wet macular degeneration)?

Biragoye kumenya impamvu imwe itera iyi ndwara, ``(WMD).`` Ahubwo, ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera iyi ndwara bihurira hamwe kugira ngo byongere amahirwe yo kurwara iyi ndwara.

Dore bimwe muri ibyo bintu bishobora gutera ibyago n'ibindi bitera ingaruka:

• Imyaka : Uko ugenda ukura, ni ko ugenda urushaho kugira ibyago byo kwangirika k'amagufwa y'amaso.
• Ingaruka z'uturemangingo n'amateka y'umuryango : Impinduka zimwe na zimwe (mutations) mu turemangingo (DNA) uvukana n'ababyeyi bawe zishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya WMD. Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe warwaye iyi ndwara, ushobora kuyirwara.
• Ubwoko : Abantu bakomoka mu Burayi ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara ya WMD. Abantu bakomoka muri Afurika ntibakunze kurwara indwara ya WMD.
• Indyo : Kubura vitamine zimwe na zimwe (cyane cyane vitamine C na E) , imyunyungugu ( umuringa na zinc ), hamwe n'ibice bya vitamine A cyangwa intungamubiri zifitanye isano (beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin) bishobora gutera WMD.
• Aho uherereye : Niba utuye hafi y'umubumbe w'isi, uba ufite urumuri rwinshi muri rusange. Ibi nabyo bishobora kuba impamvu itera imbere.
• Ingeso zimwe na zimwe : Kunywa itabi bishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere rya (WMD).
• Izindi ndwara : Indwara nka cholesterol nyinshi (hypercholesterolemia), umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension), n'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi (indwara z'umutima n'imitsi) zishobora gutera WMD. Haracyari ibimenyetso bitandukanye bigaragaza niba diyabete (Diabete Mellitus - Ubwoko bwa 1 n'ubwoko bwa 2) nazo zibigiramo uruhare.

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa n'iyi ndwara?

Ingorane nyamukuru iterwa no kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'amaso ni ugutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba hagati.Iyo batavuwe, hagati ya 80% na 90% by'abantu barwaye indwara ya WMD bazatakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba kugeza aho bafatwa nk'impumyi byemewe n'amategeko. Ni ukuvuga ko ubushobozi bwo kureba burushaho kuba bubi ku buryo badashobora gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.

Ni gute wasuzuma indwara yo kwangirika kw'amagufwa yo mu maso?

Inzobere mu by'amaso, urugero nk'inzobere mu by'amaso cyangwa inzobere mu by'amaso, ishobora gusuzuma indwara ya WMD ikoresheje uburyo butandukanye.

Intambwe ya mbere ni isuzuma ry’amaso risanzwe . Muri iki gihe, bashobora kureba retina yawe neza. Ibi bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe igikoresho gikoreshwa mu ntoki cyitwa ophthalmoscope , cyangwa bakagabanya imboni yawe bagakora isuzuma ry’amatara . Bashobora kandi gukoresha grid yoroshye yitwa Amsler grid eye test . Ibi bishobora kugufasha kumenya ihindagurika ry’amaso yawe (grid isa nkaho yarambuye bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’amaso yawe).

Uretse isuzuma ry'amaso no gusuzuma amatara, umuganga w'amaso ashobora no gukora ibizamini byo gusuzuma indwara bidaterwa n'indwara. Ibi bishobora kureba imiterere y'imbere n'imitsi y'amaraso iri inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Bimwe mu bizamini bishobora gukorwa birimo:

• Isuzuma ry'amashusho y'ijisho rihuza amaso n'amaso (OCT) : Ibi ni nk'isuzuma rifata amashusho y'imbere mu jisho mu bice bitandukanye.
• Isuzuma rya fluorescein angiography : Ibi bikubiyemo gutera irangi mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe no gufata amafoto mu gihe rinyura mu mitsi y'amaraso iri mu jisho ryawe.
• Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) : Iki ni ikizamini gikoresha ubundi bwoko bw'irangi, nk'iryabanje.

Ibi bivurwa bite?

Indwara yo kwangirika kw'amagufwa mu maso (wet macular degeneration) ni indwara ivurwa cyane iyo igaragaye hakiri kare . Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura WMD: imiti n'uburyo bwo gukoresha laser .

Imiti ikora mu kuziba poroteyine yitwa Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) , umubiri wacu ukoresha mu gukora imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso. Iyo VEGF ifunze, imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso irahagarara. Iyi miti itangwa mu buryo butaziguye mu jisho ryawe . Ntutinye, nubwo bavuga ko yashyizwe mu jisho ryawe, irarangira mu gufunga ijisho ryawe cyane ku buryo utabyumva.

Dore ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imiti ibuza VEGF:

• `Aflibercept`
• `Bevacizumab`
• `Brolucizumab`
• `Faricimab`
• `Ranibizumab`

Intego yo kuvura WMD hakoreshejwe laser ni uguhagarika gukura kw'imitsi mishya y'amaraso, kandi nibishoboka, kuyigabanya. Niba ushobora kubagwa hakoreshejwe laser biterwa n'aho imitsi mishya y'amaraso iri munsi y'amagufwa yawe n'ibindi bintu byinshi. Ariko, inshinge ubu zikunze kugaragara kuruta ubuvuzi bwa laser.

Inzobere mu by'amaso irashobora gusobanura neza uburyo bwo kuvurwa. Amakuru batanga ni yo ajyanye cyane n'uburwayi bwawe. Bazakubwira kandi ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho cyangwa ingorane zishobora kubaho ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuvura buzagufasha cyane.

Ni iki kizere cy’uko indwara yo kugabanuka kw’amagufwa y’uruhu (wet macular degeneration) izagenda ite?

Uko indwara ya `(WMD)` ihagaze, ni ukuvuga uko izakira cyangwa uko izaba imeze, biterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Mbega ukuntu imimerere yawe ya `(WMD)` imeze nabi cyane.
• Ni hehe muri macula yawe habera ibyangiritse?
• Uburyo bwo kuvurwa ushobora kubona, cyangwa ubusanzwe uhabwa.
• Izindi ndwara z'ubuzima ufite.

Kubera ko hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku kureba kwawe, uko ubona ibintu bishobora gutandukana cyane. Inzobere mu by'amaso irashobora kukubwira uko ubona ibintu bitewe n'imimerere yawe.

Ese kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'uruhu bishobora kwirindwa?

Kubera ko hari ibintu byinshi n'ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago bigira uruhare mu iterambere rya `(WMD)`, ntibishoboka kuyikumira burundu. Ariko, hari ibyo ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kuyirwara cyangwa utinze iterambere ryayo.

Bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ushobora gukora kugira ngo wirinde cyangwa utinze AMD itangira iyo ufite ikibazo cyo kwangirika k'amagufwa y'amaso, ni ukuvuga ubwoko bwa AMD budakabije cyane. Dore zimwe mu ngamba muganga wawe w'amaso ashobora kukugira inama:

• Koresha icyuma gipima Amsler buri munsi . Muganga wawe w'amaso ashobora kuguha icyuma gipima Amsler cyo gukoresha mu rugo akakwereka uko ugikoresha. Niba ubonye impinduka cyangwa ihindagurika mu kureba kwawe, ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe w'amaso vuba bishoboka. Kubikora bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ijisho bidasubirwaho no kubura ubushobozi bwo kureba.
• Sura muganga wawe w'amaso kugira ngo agupime amaso buri gihe . Ibi bishobora kugufasha kumenya indwara y'amaso hakiri kare.
• Fata inyongeramusaruro z'imirire za buri munsi . Izi nyongeramusaruro zikunze kuba zirimo vitamine C, vitamine E, umuringa, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, na beta-carotene. (Ntugafate beta-carotene niba unywa itabi, kuko byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibihaha.)
• Hagarika kunywa itabi, cyangwa ntugatangire . Ibi birimo ubwoko bwose bw'itabi/nikotine, harimo kunywa itabi rya vape n'itabi ritagira umwotsi. Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira uburyo bwo kugufasha kurireka.
• Ambara indorerwamo z'izuba. Kubona izuba bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara yo kwangirika kwa macular (MWD). Indorerwamo z'izuba zishobora kugabanya ingaruka z'izuba ku maso yawe.
• Komeza gukora siporo . Imyitozo ngororamubiri ifasha ubuzima bwawe mu buryo bwinshi, harimo n'ubuzima bw'ijisho ryawe.
• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima . Ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'imitsi (WMD) bifitanye isano n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Hari ibindi bintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo wirinde ko indwara y’amaso iterwa n’indwara ya WMD ihita ikura. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge ku byo wakora, baza muganga w’amaso. Ashobora kuguha ubuyobozi n’ibikoresho byagufasha.

Nitwara nte iyo mfite ikibazo cyo kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'uruhu (wet macular degeneration)?

Iyo utangiye gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona bitewe na (WMD), bishobora kubangamira cyane. Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo kubaho wigenga ndetse no ku buzima bwawe busanzwe bwa buri munsi ndetse n'ibikorwa byawe.

Niba waramaze guhuma kubera `(Ubumuga bw'umwijima)`, hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo wifashe. Ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Baza muganga wawe w'amaso ibijyanye no kuvura amaso make . Ibi ni nko kuvura umubiri cyangwa ubuvuzi bw'akazi, ariko ku maso yawe. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura amaso bukwigisha kumenyera no gukora ku mpinduka mu maso yawe usanzwe ufite.
• Koresha ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga . Ibikoresho bikora ikoranabuhanga riciriritse nk'indorerwamo zo gukuza cyangwa amatara bishobora koroshya imirimo n'ibikorwa bya buri munsi. Ibikoresho bikora ikoranabuhanga rihanitse nka porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye by'ikoranabuhanga nabyo bishobora kugufasha kumenyera uburangare bwawe cyangwa impinduka. Muganga wawe w'amaso ashobora kuguha inama n'amakuru yihariye ku bikoresho (ikoranabuhanga rihanitse cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rihanitse) bishobora kugufasha.
• Fata neza inkunga n'ubufasha biboneka . Bitewe n'aho utuye, hashobora kubaho imiryango ya leta n'iy'abikorera ku giti cyabo ishobora kugufasha mu byo ukeneye bya buri munsi. Kubikoresha bishobora kugufasha kubaho wigenga no koroshya ubuzima bwawe.

Ni ryari nkwiye kubonana n'umuganga w'amaso?

Muganga wawe w'amaso azakugira inama yo gukurikirana gahunda yo gusura umurwayi kugira ngo acunge indwara yawe ya WMD no guhindura uburyo bwo kwivuza nibiba ngombwa. Izi ngendo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare bwo kutabona.

Nanone, niba ubonye impinduka mu kureba kwawe, urugero, kugorama kugaragara iyo upimye amaso yawe ukoresheje Amsler grid, ugomba guhita uhamagara muganga w’amaso wawe .

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza umuganga w'amaso?

Dore ibibazo bimwe na bimwe ushobora kubaza inzobere mu by'amaso:

• Indwara yanjye ya `(WMD)` imeze ite?
• Ni igihe kingana iki gishobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza, kandi nkora iki kugira ngo ngire icyo nangiza cyangwa ngo ngire icyo nangiza?
• Ese aho impinduka ziri muri macula zigira ingaruka ku buvuzi bushoboka cyangwa amahirwe y'uko ubwo buvuzi bugira icyo bugeraho?
• Ni gute nagabanya ibindi byangiritse?
• Ni izihe mfashanyo n'ubufasha nabona?
• Ese nzungukira muri gahunda yo kuvura indwara yo kubona?

Kureba ni uburyo abantu benshi bakoresha mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, akenshi batabanje kubitekerezaho. Gutakaza icyerekezo cyawe bishobora kuba ibintu bibabaza kandi bibabaza. Ariko, hari ibyo ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika, wirinde ko habaho gutakaza icyerekezo, kandi uhuze n'impinduka zisanzwe ziba.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kumenya icyo wakora kuri iki kibazo ni ukuganira na muganga w'amaso. Azagufasha mu ntambwe n'impinduka zishobora kugufasha. Ntabwo ugomba guhangana n'iki kibazo cyangwa ingaruka zacyo wenyine, barahari kugira ngo bagufashe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Noneho reka tuvuge muri make zimwe mu ngingo z'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka mu byo twavuze:

• Kugabanuka k'amabara y'ijisho (Wet macular degeneration - WMD) ni ubwoko bukomeye bw'indwara yo kugabanuka k'amabara y'ijisho iterwa no gusaza (ARMD). Ni indwara ituma imiyoboro y'amaraso mishya kandi idakomeye ikora imbere mu jisho, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuva amaraso bigatuma umuntu atabona neza.
• Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo utudomo tw'umukara imbere y'amaso, kutabona neza, no kutabona neza. Niba ubonye ibi bimenyetso, hita ubonana na muganga.
• Ibi iyo bigaragaye hakiri kare, bishobora kuvurwa . Hari imiti y'amaso, inshinge, n'ubuvuzi bwa laser.
• Hari ibintu ushobora kugerageza kwirinda , nko kurya indyo nziza, kwirinda kunywa itabi, kwambara indorerwamo z'izuba, no kwipimisha amaso buri gihe.
• Niba ufite iyi ndwara, ni ngombwa cyane guhora uganira na muganga w'amaso yawe kandi ugakurikiza inama ze. Hariho kandi uburyo n'ibikoresho bishobora kugufasha kubaho ufite ikibazo cyo kutabona neza.

Rero, kwita ku maso yawe biri mu maboko yawe. Niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa ikibazo, ntutindiganye gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Kugabanuka kw'amagufwa y'amaso , kugabanuka kw'amagufwa y'amaso, WMD, ARMD, amaso, indwara z'amaso, macula