Mwana wako ane dambudziko guru remudumbu here? (Necrotizing Enterocolitis - NEC) Ngatikurukurei nezvazvo!

O, dzimwe nguva kana vacheche vacheche vaberekwa, vane matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano, handiti? Kunyanya vana vanozvarwa vari pazera diki repamuviri. Nhasi tichataura nezvechirwere chakakomba chemudumbu chinogona kukonzerwa nevana vakadaro. Izvi zvinonzi necrotizing enterocolitis, kana kuti NEC muchidimbu. Musatya kana mukanzwa zita iri, ngatirinzwisisei zviri nyore.

Chii chinonzi necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, NEC (Necrotizing Enterocolitis) chirwere chakakomba chemudumbu chinokanganisa ura hwevacheche, kunyanya vacheche vasati vasvika nguva . Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mudumbu munozvimba uye munotanga kufa. Funga nezvazvo seronda rinoita kuti mudumbu muparare.

Izvi zvinogona kuva nengozi nekuti dzimwe nguva buri (kuboorwa) rinogona kuumbwa muura. Kana izvi zvikaitika, utachiona , hwakadai semabhakitiriya, hunogona kubuda nepaburi, huchipinda mudumbu kana muropa. Izvi zvinowanzoitika pakati pemavhiki maviri kusvika matanhatu mwana aberekwa.

Kune vamwe vacheche, NEC chirwere chisina kunyanya kuipa chinogona kuisa upenyu panjodzi. Mune vamwe vacheche, chinogona kuva chakanyanya uye chinoisa upenyu panjodzi . Tinochidaidza kuti "nek-ruh-tiz-ing n-ter-o-ko-ly-tis."

Chii chinonzi ura?

Ura hudiki neura hukuru zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha zvegadziriro yedu yekugaya chikafu . Zvinotibatsira kugaya chikafu chatinodya, kunwisa zvinovaka muviri, uye kubvisa tsvina. Marara aya anozobuda setsvina.

Ndiani angangonyanya kukonzera NEC? Yakajairika zvakadii?

Kutaura zvazviri, vana vapfumbamwe pagumi vanotanga NEC vanozvarwa nguva isati yakwana . Kureva kuti, vana vanozvarwa mavhiki makumi matatu nemanomwe ekuzvitakura asati asvika. Zvikuru sei:

• Kune vacheche vanozvarwa vasati vasvitsa mavhiki makumi matatu nemanomwe ( vana vacheche vasati vasvika nguva ).
• Kudya kwemukati kunopiwa vacheche kuburikidza nechubhu inoiswa mudumbu ravo. Izvi zvinoitwa nekuti vamwe vacheche vanonetseka nekunwa mukaka nemuromo.
• Kune vacheche vanorema pasi pe5 1/2 kg pakuzvarwa.

NEC chirwere chemudumbu chinowanzoitika pakati pevana vacheche vanozvarwa nguva isati yakwana. Zvichitaurwa zviri pachena, chinokanganisa anenge mwana mumwe chete pavana chiuru vanozvarwa nguva isati yakwana. Njodzi yacho yakanyanya kukura kuvana vanorema pasi pemakirogiramu maviri pakuzvarwa.

Zvisinei, vacheche vanenge vaberekwa nguva yakazara havawanzoiti NEC. Munhu mumwe chete pavana 10,000 ndiye achabata NEC.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeNEC here?

Ehe, vanachiremba vanoisa NEC mumapoka zvichienderana nenguva yekutanga kwezviratidzo uye chikonzero chechirwere. Kune mhando dzakawanda huru:

• NEC yekare:Rudzi urwu ndirwo rwakajairika. Runowanzo kanganisa vana vanozvarwa vasati vasvika mavhiki makumi maviri nemasere ekuzvitakura. Runoonekwa pakati pemavhiki matatu nematanhatu mushure mekuzvarwa. Kazhinji, chirwere ichi chinoitika kamwe kamwe, pasina yambiro , kana mwana akasimba uye akasimba.
• NEC inobatanidzwa nekuwedzerwa ropa: Vamwe vacheche vanoda kuwedzerwa ropa nekuti vane anemia , kushaya masero matsvuku eropa. Anenge mwana mumwe chete pavana vatatu vasati vasvika nguva yavo anowana NEC mukati memazuva matatu mushure mekuwedzerwa ropa.
• NEC isingawanzoitiki: Kashoma, NEC inogona kukura mukati mevhiki yekutanga yehupenyu kana kunyange mwana asati ayamwiswa kekutanga.
• NEC muvana vacheche vanozvarwa panguva yekuzvitakura: Kana mwana aberekwa panguva yekuzvitakura, zvinowanzokonzerwa nekuremara kwekuzvarwa . Semuenzaniso, chirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho , gastroschisis , kana mwero weokisijeni wakaderera pakuzvarwa.

Dzimwe nguva, NEC inogona kupararira mumakamuri ekuchengetedza vana vacheche (NICUs) . Apa ndipo apo vacheche vakawanda vanowana NEC panguva imwe chete. Mabhakitiriya akadai seE . coli kana mamwe majemusi anogona kukonzera kupararira uku. Asi izvi hazviwanzoitiki.

Sei NEC iyi ichiitika? Ndezvipi zvinokonzera?

Vanachiremba havasati vaziva kuti chii chinokonzera NEC, asi tinoziva kuti vana vacheche vasati vasvika nguva yavo vane masoja ekudzivirira muviri asina simba. Masoja ekudzivirira muviri ndiwo anorwisa hutachiona.

Uyewo, masisitimu ekugaya chikafu evana ava haana kusimba uye haana kukura zvakakwana. Saka, kana mwana akazvarwa nguva isati yakwana akawana chirwere chemudumbu, zvinoomera masoja avo ekudzivirira chirwere pamwe nesisitimu yekugaya chikafu kurwisa chirwere ichi.

Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti vana vanozvarwa nguva isati yakwana vanogona kunge vaine ropa shoma rinotakura okisijeni rinoenda muura hwavo. Kuderera kweropa uku kunogona kukuvadza dumbu. Kukuvara uku kunobvumira mabhakitiriya kuti abude muura opinda mudumbu kana ropa.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveNEC?

NEC inowanzoonekwa pakati pemavhiki maviri kusvika matanhatu mushure mekuzvarwa. Inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi uye chikonzero chechirwere ichi. Zviratidzo zvinogona kukura zvishoma nezvishoma kwemazuva akati wandei, kana kuti zvinogona kuonekwa kamwe kamwe mumwana ane hutano hwakanaka.

Nekuti NEC idambudziko rinowanzoitika pakati pevacheche vari muNICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) , vanachiremba nevanamukoti ikoko vanogara vachiziva izvi.

Zviratidzo zvikuru zveNEC ndeizvi:

• Kurwadziwa kwemudumbu nekuzvimba.
• Kurova kwemoyo, kumanikidzwa kweropa, kuchinja kwetembiricha yemuviri uye maitiro ekufema.
• Manyoka ane tsvina ine ropa .
• Kurutsa kwegirini kana kuti yero.
• Mwana wacho ane hope uye haana hupenyu ( nethargy ).
• Kuramba kunwa mukaka uye kushaya uremu.

Ungaziva sei kana uine NEC?

Chiremba ari kurapa mwana wako achaongorora mwana wako uye achaongorora kana paine kuzvimba kana zvimwe zviratidzo zveNEC.

Uye zvakare, zvinokwanisika kuita bvunzo dzakadai se:

• Kuongororwa kweropa: Tarisa ropa kana paine mabhakitiriya kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvehutachiona.
• Kuongororwa kwetsvina yemwana: Tarisai tsvina yemwana wenyu kuti haina ropa here. Dzimwe nguva panogona kunge paine ropa mutsvina yatisingakwanise kuona, uye bvunzo iyi inogona kuiona.
• X-ray: X-ray yedumbu inotorwa kuti ione kana paine maburi egasi akakomberedza ura kana mudumbu. Maburi aya anoratidza kuti ura hwakuvara kana kuti hune buri.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika nekuda kweNEC?

Mwana ane NEC ari panjodzi yekuwedzera mamwe matambudziko. Mamwe ematambudziko aya anosanganisira:

• Utachiona hwemudumbu: Vamwe vacheche vanowana buri mumadziro eura hwavo. Buri iri rinogona kubvumira mabhakitiriya kupinda mudumbu. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera hutachiona hwakakomba hunonzi peritonitis . Iri peritonitis rinowedzera njodzi yekubatwa nechirwere chesepsis , chirwere cheropa chinouraya.
• Kuoma kweura: Mwana mumwe chete pavatatu vane NEC achatanga kuita hutete hweura gare gare muhupenyu hwake. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mwedzi mishoma mwana apora kubva kuNEC. Kana ura hwacho hwava hutete, zvinova zvakaoma kuti chikafu nechinwiwa zvibude. Vamwe vana vangada kuvhiyiwa kuti ura hwacho huwedzere.
• Chirwere chemudumbu mupfupi (SBS): Chirwere ichi chinogona kuitika kana chikamu chemudumbu chidiki chikaparadzwa kana kukuvara nekuda kweNEC. Izvi zvinoita kuti muviri usakwanise kupinza mvura nezvinovaka muviri zvakanaka ( malabsorption ). Vana vane SBS vanoda kutarisirwa kwakakosha kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vanowana kudya kwakakwana muhupenyu hwavo hwese. Vamwe vana vangada kupihwa chikafu kuburikidza nechubhu ( enteral feedings ).
• Kukundikana kukura uye kunonoka kukura: Aya matambudziko akakosha kwenguva refu. Njodzi iyi yakanyanya kuwanda muvana vakavhiyiwa. Kukura uye mhedzisiro yekukura kwetsinga dzemuviri yevana vakadaro inofanira kutariswa nguva nenguva.

NEC inorapwa sei?

Ura hwemwana hunofanira kuzorora uye kupora. Saka chinhu chekutanga chaunofanira kuita pakurapa NEC ndechekurega kudya nepachubhu kana nemuromo. Pane kudaro, mwana anopiwa zvinovaka muviri nemvura yaanoda netsinga (IV) , iyo inova saline mutsinga.

Uyezve, mwana anogonawo kupiwa mishonga yakadai se:

• Chubhu yeNasogastric: Chiremba anoisa chubhu refu, yakatetepa inopinda nemumhino (dzimwe nguva ichipinda nemumuromo) mudumbu kuti abudise mweya wakawandisa nemvura kubva mudumbu.
• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya: Iyi inobatsira kurwisa hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya.

Mwana mumwe chete pavana vana achada kuvhiyiwa kuti abvise zvikamu zveura zvakafa uye kugadzirisa maburi ese. Chiremba anogonawo kuita oparesheni inonzi ostomy . Kuvhiyiwa uku:

• Kaburi kadiki, kanonzi stoma, kanogadzirwa mudumbu remwana.
• Ura hukuru hwakabatana nestoma iyi.
• Zvadaro tsvina inobva mumuviri ichipfuura nemudumbu, ichipinda muhomwe iri kunze kwemuviri.

Kana mwana asimba zvishoma, chiremba anozobatanidza ura hwake zvakare ohuisa mudumbu.

Dzimwe nguva, kana mwana ari mudiki kwazvo (achirema pasi pepaundi imwe chete) kana kuti achirwara zvakanyanya zvekuti haakwanise kuvhiyiwa, chiremba anogona kuisa chubhu diki ( drain/catheter ) mudumbu. Chubhu iyi inoshandiswa kubvisa mvura ine utachiona nemhepo inokuvadza kubva mudumbu uye kuderedza zviratidzo. Gare gare, kana mwana akura zvishoma uye ari nani, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuitwa.

Ko NEC inogona kudzivirirwa here?

Kana uri panjodzi yekubereka mwana nguva isati yakwana, chiremba wako anogona kukupa jekiseni remushonga we corticosteroid . Mushonga uyu unoshanda kuvandudza hutano hwemwana ari mudumbu. Unogona kuderedza njodzi yematambudziko mumapapu nemudumbu zvemwana.

Pamusoro pezvo, kuyamwisa kwakawanikwa kuderedza njodzi yeNEC. Dzimwe ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kuwedzera mapurobiotics , kana mabhakitiriya anobatsira, mumukaka wezamu kana fomura yemukaka kunogonawo kubatsira.

Chii chichaitika kumwana kana NEC ikabuda? (Outlook)

Zvichitaurwa zviri pachena, vacheche vasere pagumi vanowana NEC vanorarama. Zvisinei, vamwe vevana ava vanogona kuva nematambudziko ehutano kwenguva refu nekuda kweNEC.

Zvakakosha: Kana mwana wako asati aberekwa aita seakanaka uye kamwe kamwe akabuda nedambudziko rakaita seNEC, unogona kunzwa kusuruvara uye kunetseka. Izvi zvakajairika. Vanachiremba nevanamukoti muNICU vakadzidziswa kuziva matambudziko aya uye kuita chimwe chinhu nekukurumidza. Vamwe vacheche vanopora nekurapwa kushoma. Kunyangwe nekuvhiyiwa, vacheche vazhinji vanopora uye vanorarama hupenyu hwakajairika. Zvisinei, vamwe vacheche vanogona kunge vaine matambudziko ekugaya chikafu.

Zvinhu zvekubvunza chiremba/chiremba wako

Kana mwana wako aine NEC, zvakanaka kubvunza chiremba wako nezvezvinhu zvakaita seizvi:

• Sei mwana wangu akawana NEC?
• Mwana wangu ane rudzii rweNEC?
• Ndeipi nzira yakanakisisa yekurapa mwana wangu?
• Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinokonzereswa nekurapwa?
• Ndezvipi migumisiro yenguva refu yeNEC?
• Ndinofanira kupa mwana wangu chikafu chakakosha here?
• Ndezvipi zvinetso zvandinofanira kutarisa pandinouya nemwana wangu kumba?

Chekupedzisira, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha

NEC chirwere chakakomba zvikuru, kunyanya kana chichibata vana vedu vadiki. Asi yeukai, sainzi yezvekurapa yafambira mberi zvikuru nhasi. Vanachiremba, vanamukoti, nevashandi muNICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) vanoshanda nesimba zvikuru kuponesa vana ava.

Zvakanaka kuti kunyangwe zvinhu zviri nyore zvakaita sekuyamwisa zvinogona kuderedza njodzi iyi. Kana mwana wako akasangana nedambudziko iri, usavhunduka, uye tevera zano rachiremba wako . Taura naye nokungwarira uye mubvunze mibvunzo yese yaunayo. Ndinokushuvira kuti upore nekukurumidza!

` Necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC, vacheche vasati vasvika nguva, hutachiona hwemudumbu, hutano hwemwana, NICU, kugaya chikafu