Unoziva here nezvemachubhu aya akakosha ari mumhepo yako yekufema? (Bronchi) Ngationei!

Wakambozvibvunza here kuti mweya unopinda sei mumapapu patinofema? Inzira inoshamisa. Imwe yemakambani makuru murwendo urwu rwakakosha muhurongwa hwedu hwekufema ibronchi . Nhasi tichataura nezve bronchi idzi uye kukosha kwadzo kuhutano hwedu.

Ndezvipi izvi zvinonzi bronchi?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, bronchi yako ichubhu mbiri hombe dzinotakura mweya kuenda kumapapu ako. Paunofema, mweya unopinda nemumhino kana muromo unopfuura nemuhuro mako wodzika netrachea yako, inova iyo windpipe yako. Iyi windpipe inopatsanuka kuita zvikamu zviviri, sebhii Y. Aya machubhu maviri makuru anonzi bronchi - rimwe rinoenda kumapapu ekuruboshwe, rimwe kuenda kumapapu erudyi. Zvadaro machubhu maviri makuru aya, semapazi emuti, anopatsanuka kuita machubhu madiki mukati memapapu ako. Aya ndiwo chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwedu hwekufema . Funga nezvawo semigwagwa, inobatsira mhepo kusvika kumasagi madiki emhepo (alveoli) ari mukati memapapu ako.

Chii chinoitika kubronchi?

Heino chinhu chakakosha. Basa guru renzira dzekufema nderekutakura mweya uchienda mumapapu uye kutakura mweya kubva mumapapu. Zvakafanana nemugwagwa unobvumira mota kufamba-famba.

Fungidzira uri kufema...

1. Mhepo inopinda nemuromo kana mumhino yofamba ichidzika nepamusana pebronchi .

2. Zvadaro, mhepo inopinda munzira mbiri huru dzemhepo, kurudyi nekuruboshwe, idzo dzinoumbwa nekukamurwa kwetrachea iyi.

3. Mabronchi aya anopatsanuka kuita machubhu madiki, uye pakupedzisira, kuburikidza nemachubhu madiki anonzi bronchioles, mweya unopinda mualveoli mumapapu. Ndipo panowedzerwa okisijeni muropa rako.

Uyewo, sezvo okisijeni ichiwedzerwa muropa, gasi recarbon dioxide risingadiwe riri muropa rinodzoserwa muzvikwama zvemhepo. Paunoburitsa mweya, gasi iri recarbon dioxide rinodzoka kuburikidza netrachea, bronchi, uye bronchioles uye rinoburitswa nemuromo kana mhino.

Zvakakosha: Mukati menzira dzekufema mune chinhu chinonzi mucus . Mucus uyu unonyorovesa mhepo inopinda uye inobata zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakaita semajemusi neguruva mumhepo. Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvidimbu zvidiki zvakaita sebvudzi zvinonzi cilia mukati menzira dzekufema. Izvi zvinoshanda semitsvairo uye zvinosundira majemusi neguruva zvakavharirwa kumashure kwehuro. Ndipo patinokosora kana kuhotsira uye zvinobuda. Hazvisi zvekudzivirira zvinoshamisa here?

Mabronchi ari kupi?

Trachea yako iri mukati mechipfuva chako, mukati memapapu ako, ayo akadzivirirwa nembabvu dzako. Sezvambotaurwa, aya ndiwo machubhu ari mutrachea yako (Mabronchi akabatana nechepazasi pemapapu. Anotanga semachubhu makuru, achipatsanura zvishoma nezvishoma kuita matavi madiki, uye pakupedzisira anokura kuita mabronchioles madiki.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zvebronchi?

Nzira yekufema haisi network imwe chete yemachubhu. Inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru, semugwagwa wakakamurwa kuita migwagwa mikuru nemigwagwa yepadivi.

• Bronchi Yekutanga/Main Bronchi: Aya ndiwo maviri ekutanga makuru ebronchi - bronchi yekurudyi nekuruboshwe. Aya ndiwo akabatana zvakananga netrachea (bronchi ). Aya ndiwo chikamu chakakura kwazvo chebronchi.
• Bronchi Yechipiri/Yepachipfuva: Aya ndiwo machubhu anobuda kubva mubronchi huru opinda muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemapapu. Waizviziva here kuti mapapu ekurudyi ane zvikamu zvitatu uye mapapu ekuruboshwe ane zvikamu zviviri? Izvi zvikamu zvechipiri zvinopinda muzvikamu chimwe nechimwe.
• Bronchi yepamusoro/yakapatsanurwa: Aya machubhu madiki anopatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zvidiki mukati memapapu. Mushure meizvi, mabronchioles madiki anotanga.

Funga nezvazvo semugwagwa. Zvakafanana nekutendeuka kubva mumugwagwa mukuru (Primary) kuenda kumugwagwa wechipiri (Secondary), wobva waenda kune mumwe mugwagwa mudiki (Tertiary).

Chii chinonzi chimiro chebronchi?

Nzira dzekufema dzakagadzirwa netsandanyama dzakatsetseka uye nyama yakasimba inonzi cartilage inovapoteredza. Cartilage iyi inopa nzira dzekufema simba rakanaka uye inodzivisa kudonha mhepo painopfuura nepakati. Nzira huru dzekufema dzine maronda ecartilage . Zvisinei, sezvo nzira dzekufema dzechipiri nedzechitatu dziri diki, dzine zvidimbu zvecartilage chete. Sezvambotaurwa, idzi dzine mucus membranes uye cilia mukati.

Iyi nzira yese ye trachea, bronchi, uye bronchioles inonzi tracheobronchial tree , zvinoreva "tracheobronchial tree." Nekuti inoita semuti wakapidiguka. Trachea yakaita sehunde yemuti, uye bronchi yakafanana nematavi.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinokanganisa bronchi?

Zvinosuwisa kuti nzira yedu yekufema inogonawo kukura nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Ungave wakambonzwa nezvezvimwe zvacho.

• Asthma: Ichi chirwere chinoita kuti nzira dzekufema dzigare dzichizvimba, zvichiita kuti zviome kufema.
• Bronchiectasis: Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, nzira dzekufema dzinokura, dzokuvara, uye dzinoita masaga anounganidza madzihwa.
• Bronchitis: Kuzvimba kwenzira dzekufema. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kwenguva pfupi (yakanyanya) kana kuti kwenguva refu (isingaperi).
• Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemapapu: Iri idambudziko rekufema rinogona kuitika muvana vacheche vachangoberekwa. Rinoitika kana mapapu asingakure zvakanaka.
• Chirwere Chisingaperi Chekuvharira Mapumbu (COPD): Iri iboka rezvirwere zvinozvimba zvinokanganisa mapapu, zvinovhara nzira dzekufema uye zvichiita kuti zviome kufema.
• Cystic Fibrosis (CF): Ichi chirwere chemajini chinokonzera kuti madzihwa akakora uye anonamira aungane munzira dzekufema.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvezvinetso zvekufema?

Kana paine dambudziko nemhepo yako yekufema, unogona kuona zviratidzo zvakaita seizvi:

• Kukosora (kunogona kunge kuri kukosora kunogara kwenguva refu)
• Kuoma kufema (sekupfupika kwemweya)
• Kufemereka
• Kubuda ropa nemadzihwa
• Kubata chifuva, kunzwa kwekuvharika
• Kuneta kakawanda
• Zvirwere zvekufema zvinowanzoitika (semuenzaniso pneumonia, bronchitis)

Ndezvipi zviedzo zvinoongorora hutano hwebronchi?

Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvako, chiremba anogona kuraira bvunzo dzakasiyana-siyana kuti aongorore hutano hwenzira dzako dzekufema nemapapu.

• Spirometry: Iyi ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakuongorora mashandiro emapapu. Inoyera kuti mweya wakawanda sei waunogona kuchengeta mumapapu ako uye kuti unogona kufema nekukurumidza sei.
• Bronchoscopy: Mukuita uku, chiremba anoisa chubhu diki, inochinjika (ine kamera yakabatanidzwa) nemuromo kana mhino kuti atarise mukati menzira dzekufema.
• CT Scan: Iyi bvunzo inoshandisa makombiyuta akakosha uye maX-rays kuti ibudise mifananidzo yakadzama yemapapu.
• Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS): Izvi zvakafanana nebronchoscopy , asi zvinoshandisa tekinoroji yeultrasound kubatsira kuona kuzvimba kana kenza munzira dzekufema.
• Kuedzwa kweNitric Oxide Inobuda Mumhepo: Izvi zvinoyera huwandu hwenitric oxide yaunoburitsa. Izvi zvinogona kuudza vanachiremba kana uine kuzvimba munzira dzako dzekufema.

Ndeapi marapirwo akajairika ezvirwere zvinokanganisa bronchi?

Nzira dzekurapa dzinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu anokanganisa nzira dzako dzekufema. Heano mamwe emishonga inonyanya kushandiswa:

• Mishonga Inofemwa: Mishonga yakaita sebronchodilators nesteroids inoderedza kuzvimba munzira dzekufema, ichidziwedzera uye zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kufema. Iyi inogona kupihwa kuburikidza neinhaler kana nebulizer.Unogona kuiisa mumvura woisiya ichipfungaira.
• Kurapa Okisijeni: Kana usiri kuwana okisijeni yakakwana, ungangoda kupihwa okisijeni kubva kunze.
• Kugadziriswa Kwemapapu: Ichi chirongwa chekurovedza muviri nekudzidzisa chinobatsira kusimbisa mapapu uye kudzora chirwere chemapapu.
• Mishonga Inonwiwa: Mishonga yakaita semasteroid kana maantibiotic inogona kunyorerwa kuti inwe zuva nezuva kana kana hutachiona hwatanga kana kuti chirwere chacho chikawedzera.
• Kurapa Nekumanikidzwa Kwemhepo: Chiremba wako anogona kukukurudzira kuti ushandise muchina weCPAP kana BiPAP® . Izvi zvinobatsira kuti nzira dzako dzemhepo dzirambe dzakavhurika.

Ndingachengetedza sei bronchi yangu iine hutano?

Heano zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kuti muviri wako wese wekufema, kwete nzira dzako dzekufema chete, ugare uine hutano:

• Dzivisa kusvuta uye kunwa doro zvisina kunaka. Ichi ndicho chinhu chakakosha.
• Dzivisa kufema utsi hwemunhu ari kuputa.
• Chengeta imba yako yakachena uye chinja mafirita emhepo nguva nenguva.
• Rovedza muviri nguva dzose kuti usimbise mwoyo nemapapu ako.
• Deredza kusvibiswa kwemhepo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
• Kana uchigara uchisangana neguruva, zvinhu zvinokonzera allergies, kana utsi hwemakemikari, shandisa zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvakaita semask yekumeso.
• Kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kuzvirwere zvekufema, geza maoko ako nguva nenguva, usapinda munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda panguva yefuruu, uye tora majekiseni anokurudzirwa.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Kana uchikosora nguva dzose kana kuti uchinzwa sekunge uri kunetseka kufema, taura nachiremba.

Uyewo, kana ukaona chimwe chezviratidzo zvinotevera zvekushaya kufema , unofanira kufonera 1990 nekukasika kana kuenda kuchipatara chiri pedyo newe:

• Ruvara rwebhuruu, grey, kana ruvara rwakachenuruka rwemiromo, ganda, kana nzara (Cyanosis)
• Kudzosa Chifuva (kunzwa sekuti chipfuva chako chiri kunyura mukati paunofema)
• Kufema nekukurumidza pasina chikonzero chaicho
• Kuzvimba kwemhino (nekuda kwekuoma kwekufema)
• Kudikitira pasina kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri
• Kufemereka

Yeuka: Nzira dzako dzekufema dzine basa guru rekutakura mweya kuenda kumapapu ako. Muviri wako unoshandisa mweya uyu kuti uwane okisijeni yaunoda kuti urarame. Panguva imwe chete, nzira dzako dzekufema dzinonyorovesa mhepo, dzichikudzivirira kubva kuhutachiona nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukukuvadza.

Pakupedzisira, yeuka izvi.

Saka, ikozvino wava kunzwisisa kukosha kwebronchi mumuviri wedu. Kana yakakuvara kana kuzvimba, zvirwere zvakaita sebronchitis neCOPD zvinogona kuitika. Saka, kuti bronchi yako igare iine hutano, dzivisa kusvuta zvachose uye usafeme chero chinhu chinokuvadza mapapu ako. Chengeta kufema kwako! Nekuti kufema kwakanaka ndiko kiyi yehupenyu hwakanaka.

Trachea , mapapu, kufema, kufema, asthma, bronchitis, mapapu ane hutano