Kamudiki kepfungwa dzako: Ngatidzidzei nezve hypothalamus.

Nhasi tichataura nezvechikamu chemuviri wedu chakakosha zvikuru, asi chisinganyanyo zivikanwa. Ichi chikamu chinoshamisa chinonzi Hypothalamus, chiri mukati meuropi hwedu, chinoshanda se'system yekudzora yakangwara' yemuviri wedu. Fungidzira kuti muviri wedu waizova nenyonganyonga yakadii pasina chidimbu ichi chidiki!

Chii chinonzi hypothalamus? Chii chinoita kuti ishande?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, hypothalamus chikamu chidiki, asi chine simba guru, cheuropi hwako chakachengeteka zvikuru. Chakaenzana nekashew nut. Ndiyo bhiriji guru riri pakati pesystem yako ye endocrine , inova system inogadzira mahormone, uye system yako yetsinga .

Fungidzira kuti une 'system yepamba yakangwara' mumba mako. Inodzora yega zvese zviri mumba, kusanganisira mwenje, mafeni, AC, uye kuchengetedzwa, handiti? Nenzira imwecheteyo, hypothalamus yakafanana nepakati pe'smart control' yemuviri wedu. Ndiyo inobatsira kuchengetedza zvese zviri mumuviri zvakaenzana uye nenzira kwayo. Mukurapa, tinodana izvi kuti balance (Homeostasis) .

Zvino tarisa zvinhu zvaanodzora:

• Tembiricha yemuviri wako
• Kumanikidzwa kweropa
• Nzara nenyota
• Kunzwa kuguta mushure mekudya
• Manzwiro ako
• Chido chepabonde
• Kurara

Hypothalamus inoshanda nenzira mbiri kuti zvese izvi zvirambe zvichifamba zvakanaka. Imwe ndeyekupesvedzera zvakananga system yetsinga inotonga yega . Izvi ndizvo zvinodzora zvinhu zvatisingatonge nemaune, zvakaita sekurova kwemoyo wedu nekufema. Imwe ndeyekudzora mahormone . Mahormone akafanana nevatumwa vemuviri wedu. Anofamba neropa uye anotakura mameseji kunhengo dzakasiyana-siyana. Hypothalamus inogadzira mamwe mahormone uye inoachengeta muposterior pituitary . Inotumirawo masaini (mahormone) ku pituitary gland . Masaini aya anogona kukonzera kuti pituitary gland iburitse mahormone anokanganisa chikamu chemuviri zvakananga, kana kuti anotumira chiratidzo kune imwe gland, iyo inozoburitsa mahormone.

Chii chiri hukama huripo pakati pe hypothalamus ne pituitary gland?

Gland repituitary riri pasi pe hypothalamus. Izvi zviviri zvinoshanda pamwe chete. Gland repituitary rine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: anterior pituitary ne posterior pituitary . Hypothalamus inotaurirana nezvikamu zviviri izvi nenzira yakakosha.

Yakabatana nepituitary yekumberi kuburikidza netsinga dzeropa. Yakabatana nepituitary yekumashure kuburikidza netishu inonzi pituitary stalk. Hypothalamus inotumira zviratidzo kugland repituitary muchimiro chekuburitsa mahormone, ichiiudza kuti iburitse hormone iyi.

Maitiro ekushanda neAnterior Pituitary

Gland repituitary repamberi rinoburitsa mahormone akasiyana-siyana zvichibva pazviratidzo zvinobva kuhypothalamus. Mamwe emahormone aya anokanganisa zvakananga nhengo dzemuviri, nepo mamwe achikurudzira mamwe mahormone kuti aburitse mamwe mahormone. Izvi zvinganzwika zvakaoma, asi chaizvoizvo iketani yekuchinjana. Semuenzaniso, hormone yekukura uye hormone yethyroid-stimulating inodzorwa nenzira iyi.

Maitiro ekushanda nePosterior Pituitary

Pano, chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvishoma chinoitika. Hypothalamus pachayo inogadzira mahormone maviri, asi anochengetwa muposterior pituitary. Kana zvichidikanwa, hypothalamus inotumira chiratidzo chekuburitsa mahormone aya muropa. Mahormone maviri aya ndeaya:

• Oxytocin: Iyi ihormone yakakosha zvikuru. Inobatsira kukwenya tsandanyama dzechibereko panguva yekusununguka uye inosimudzira kudzikira kwemukaka panguva yekuyamwisa. Inofungidzirwawo kuti inobatsira pakubatana, kumutsa chido chepabonde, kuvimbana, kuziva, kurara kwenguva refu, uye kunzwa mufaro.
• Vasopressin: Inonziwo antidiuretic hormone (ADH) , iyi hormone inodzora huwandu hwemvura mumuviri, zvinoreva kuti weti yakawanda sei inobuda, uye BP.

Ndeapi mamwe mabasa e hypothalamus?

Kuwedzera kumahormone ambotaurwa, hypothalamus inogadzira mamwe mahormone akakosha.

• Dopamine: Iyi ndiyo 'hormone inonzwa zvakanaka'. Ndiyo inoita kuti tifare uye tigutsikane. Ndiyo inotipa chido chekuita chimwe chinhu. Dopamine inoitawo chimwe chinhu, ndiko kuudza pituitary gland kuti irege kuburitsa hormone inonzi prolactin .
• Somatostatin: Hormone iyi inodzivisa kuburitswa kwemamwe mahormone akati wandei. Semuenzaniso, inomisa kuburitswa kwemahormone akadai sehomoni yekukura , homoni inosimudzira thyroid , cholecystokinin, uye insulin . Zvinoshamisa kuti mahormone aya anodzorawo kugadzirwa kwesomatostatin.

Pamusoro pezvo, hypothalamus pachayo inogadzirisa kusawirirana kupi zvako muzvinhu zvakaita sekuchinja kwetembiricha yemuviri, kushushikana, uye mafambiro emuviri wedu wezuva nezuva.

Hypothalamus iri kupi?

Ndakambotaura kare kuti, yakakura senzungu yecashew. Hypothalamus iri pasi pehuropi hwako, pasi pethalamus uye pamusoro pegland repituitary. Kutaura chokwadi, iri pamusoro petsinde reuropi.

Chii chinoitika kana hypothalamus ikakuvara?

Kana hypothalamus ikakuvara neimwe nzira, haigone kuita basa rayo nemazvo. Tinowanzoti chirwere ichi hachina simba . Panogona kuva nezvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi.

Zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwe hypothalamus:

• Kukuvara mumusoro, semuenzaniso , kukuvara kweuropi kunorwadza .
• Utachiona hwehuropi.
• Mabundu emuuropi kana aneurysms yeuropi inowanikwa mukati kana pedyo nehypothalamus.
• Kudzikira kwehuremu zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvirwere zvekudya, zvakaita se bulimia kana anorexia .
• Kuvhiyiwa kwehuropi.
• Kurapwa nemwaranzi uye chemotherapy .
• Zvirema zvekuzvarwa nazvo / Matambudziko ekuzvarwa nawo anosanganisira uropi kana hypothalamus.
• Zvirwere zvinozvimba, semuenzaniso , multiple sclerosis uye neurosarcoidosis .
• Zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini, semuenzaniso , kushomeka kwehomoni yekukura .

Zvirwere zvinogona kukonzerwa nekusashanda zvakanaka kwe hypothalamus:

Zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwe hypothalamus. Nekuti hypothalamus ne pituitary gland zvinoshanda pamwe chete, mamiriro ezvinhu anokanganisa chimwe chezviviri izvi anonziwo hypothalamic-pituitary disorders .

• Hypopituitarism: Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nekukuvara kwegland repituitary kana hypothalamus.
• Chirwere cheshuga insipidus: Chirwere ichi chinoitika kana hypothalamus ikasagadzira hormone vasopressin (ADH) nemazvo. Izvi zvinoita kuti itsvo dzibudise mvura yakawandisa, zvichikonzera weti yakawandisa uye nyota yakawandisa.
• Prader-Willi syndrome: Ichi chirwere chinokonzerwa nemajini. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, hypothalamus hainzwi zvakanaka kana dumbu raguta mushure mekudya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane chishuwo chekudya nguva dzose uye pane mukana wekufuta.
• Kallmann syndrome: Ichi chirwere chinokonzerwawo nezvirwere zve hypothalamus. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kunonoka kana kusavapo kwevana pakuyaruka.
• Acromegaly uye Pituitary gigantism: Aya matambudziko ekukura asingawanzoitika anokonzerwa nekuburitswa kwakanyanya kwehomoni yekukura kubva mugland repituitary.
• Chirwere chehormone yekurwisa diuretic isina kukodzera (SIADH): Apa ndipo apo huwandu hwehormone yekurwisa diuretic (ADH) hwakanyanya kukwira. Hunogona kukonzerwa nesitiroko, kubuda ropa, hutachiona, tsaona, kenza, nemimwe mishonga.
• Central hypothyroidism: Ichi chirwere chisingawanzoitiki chinokonzerwa nezvirwere zve hypothalamic ne pituitary. Chikonzero chikuru ibundu re pituitary, semuenzaniso pituitary adenoma .
• Kusaenda kumwedzi kwenguva refu: Dambudziko iri rinoratidzwa nekumira kwemwedzi inopfuura mitatu kumukadzi aimboenda kumwedzi nguva dzose, kana kwemwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu kumukadzi aienda kumwedzi nguva dzose. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi idambudziko rekushaya nguva yekuenda kumwedzi.
• Hyperprolactinemia: Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekudzikira kwemazinga edopamine, izvo zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwemazinga eprolactin. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nemabundu kana kukuvara kwemasero etsinga ari muhypothalamus.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekushaya simba kwe hypothalamus?

Zviratidzo zvekushaya simba kwemuviri mumuviri zvinoenderana nerudzi rwehormone inokanganiswa uye kana huwandu hwehormone iyoyo hwakaderera kana kuti hwakakwira. Kana paine dambudziko nehypothalamus, unogona kuona zvimwe zvezviratidzo izvi:

• Kukwira kweropa kana kuderera kweropa
• Kuchengetwa kwemvura kana kupera mvura mumuviri
• Kudzikira kana kuwedzera huremu, kana paine kana pasina kuchinja kwechido chekudya
• Kusabereka
• Kusasimba kweutano hwemapfupa
• Kunonoka kuyaruka
• Kupera simba kwetsandanyama uye kushaya simba
• Kuchinja-chinja kwekushisa kwemuviri kakawanda
• Kushaya hope
• Kuda kuita weti kakawanda

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira

Hypothalamus iri muuropi hwako yakaita senzvimbo yemuviri 'yekudzora zvinhu'. Kungofanana nesystem yekudzora zvinhu otomatiki iri mumba mako, hypothalamus inodzora mashandiro emuviri.

Zvinokanganisa zvakananga sisitimu yako yetsinga, zvichidzora zvinhu zvakaita sekurova kwemoyo, BP, uye tembiricha yemuviri. Zvinoburitsawo mahormone uye zvinorayira mamwe mahormone kana magland kuti atarisire kurara, manzwiro, kukura kwetsandanyama nemapfupa, uye chishuwo chebonde, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.

Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana anokanganisa hypothalamus anogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano. Saka kana uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi, zvakakosha kutsvaga mazano echiremba. Yeuka, kuziviswa nezveruzivo urwu kunogona kubatsira zvikuru mukuchengetedza hutano hwako!

Hypothalamus, uropi, mahormone, pituitary gland, endocrine system , nervous system, zviratidzo