Ungave wakambonzwa nezve 'smallpox' kubva kuna sekuru vako. Panguva iyoyo, yaionekwa sechirwere chine njodzi uye chinouraya. Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti chirwere ichi chabviswa zvachose pasi rose. Asi nhasi tichataura nezvechirwere ichi, icho chakauraya mamiriyoni evanhu munhoroondo yese, chii, kuti chakapararira sei, uye zviratidzo zvacho ndezvipi.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi smallpox?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, smallpox yaive chirwere chakakomba chinotapukira chinokonzerwa nehutachiona husingachawanikwe zvakasikwa pasi rose. Chaipararira kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu. Munhu ane smallpox aiwanzova nezviratidzo zvakaita sefivha, kurwadziwa kwemuviri, uye mapundu ane maronda akapararira mumuviri wese.
Chaive chirwere chinouraya. Vanhu vanosvika 30% vakabatwa nechirwere chesmallpox vakafa . Chakauraya vanhu vari pakati pemamiriyoni mazana matatu kusvika mazana mashanu pasi rose muma1900 chete, chirwere ichi chisati chapera muna 1980. Sangano reWorld Health Organization (WHO) rakati smallpox "chimwe chezvirwere zvinoparadza zvikuru zvakambozivikanwa nevanhu."
Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti smallpox chirwere chine makore anopfuura 3,000. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti maronda akafanana nesmallpox akawanikwa muzvitunha zvemuIjipiti. Nekukura kwebudiriro, chirwere ichi chakapararira pasi rese kuburikidza nenzira dzekutengeserana.
Nekufamba kwenguva, vanhu vakaona kuti kana munhu abatwa nechirwere chesmallpox opora, haaizokwanisa kuchibata zvakare. Gare gare, chiremba wekuEngland ainzi Edward Jenner akawana kuti vanhu vanogona kudzivirirwa kubva kusmallpox nekubaya jekiseni rehutachiona hwesmallpox husingaurayi (Cowpox) hunokanganisa mombe.
Muna 1967, World Health Organization (WHO) yakatanga chirongwa chikuru chekubvisa smallpox pasi rose kuburikidza nechirongwa chekubaya majekiseni chakapararira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hapana nyaya dzesmallpox dzakataurwa mushure megore ra1977. Muna 1980, yakaziviswa zviri pamutemo kuti yabviswa zvachose pasi rose.
Kusvika pari zvino, huwandu hushoma hwehutachiona uhu huri kuchengetwa mumamiriro ekuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya muUnited States neRussia nekuda kwekutsvaga chete.
Nzira yekuziva sei zviratidzo zvechibhokisi?
Zita rekuti smallpox rinobva pachiratidzo chikuru chechirwere ichi, icho chiri maronda madiki anoonekwa pachiso, mumaoko, nemuviri uye gare gare anozadzwa nematumbu .
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Kunzwa seusina hupenyu uye fivha
- Musoro wakakomba
- Kurwadziwa kwemuviri
- Kurwadziwa kwemusana kusingatsungiririki
- Dzimwe nguva kurutsa
- Fivha yakanyanya
- Kuitika mumuromoMaronda nemaronda. Utachiona hunopinda muhuro kuburikidza neizvi.
- Mapundu eganda anokura zvishoma nezvishoma
- Maronda ari pedyo nemaziso, dzimwe nguva zvichikonzera upofu
Nguva Yokuraramisa Chirwere
Paavhareji, zvinotora mazuva angangoita gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri kuti zviratidzo zvionekwe mushure mekunge hutachiona hwapinda mumuviri. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva nguva iyi inogona kuva pfupi kusvika mazuva manomwe kana kusvika mazuva gumi nemanomwe. Hutachiona hahuratidzi zviratidzo mumazuva mashoma ekutanga mushure mekupinda mumuviri.
Chirwere ichi chinotanga kupararira kune mumwe munhu kana murwere abatwa nefivha.
Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira fivha yakanyanya, kusagadzikana, kurutsa, uye kurwadziwa kwemuviri. Mushure memazuva maviri, mapundu matsvuku, akati sandara anoonekwa paganda. Izvi zvinotanga mumuromo nepahuro, zvozopararira kumeso nemaoko, zvopararira mumuviri wese mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana.
Mapundu acho akaita sei?
Maronda echikwekwe anofukidza muviri wese kubva kumusoro kusvika kutsoka. Heino maitiro anoita maronda aya mukati menguva yese yechirwere ichi:
- Inotanga semavanga matsvuku akati sandara mumuromo uye inopararira mumuviri wese mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana.
- Mavara aya anobva ashanduka kuita maronda akakwidzwa akazadzwa nemvura yakajeka.
- Mukati mezuva rimwe kana maviri, maronda aya anoshanduka kuita maronda azere netumbu.
- Muvhiki imwe chete, maronda aya anooma uye goko rinoumbwa pamusoro.
- Makushe aya achadonha mukati memavhiki matatu kusvika mana anotevera, asi anogona kukonzera mavanga asingaperi .
Chikwekwe negomarara chinhu chimwe chete here?
Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringidza smallpox ne chickenpox. Kunyangwe zvese zviri zvirwere zvemavhairasi zvinokonzera maronda paganda, pane musiyano wakajeka pakati pezviviri izvi.
Yeukai, chickenpox inowanzova chirwere chisina kunyanya kuipa, asi smallpox chirwere chakakomba uye chinouraya.
| Chikonzero chekuchinja | Chibhokisi | Chikeni pokisi |
|---|---|---|
| Utachiona hunokonzera | Zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hweVariola. | Zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hweVaricella. |
| Kuoma kwechirwere | Zvakanyanya kuipa. Vanhu vanosvika 30% vakabatwa nechirwere ichi vakafa. | Kazhinji kacho hachina kunyanya kuipa. Huwandu hwevanhu vanofa hwakaderera zvikuru. |
| Nzvimbo dzinoonekwa maronda | Zvinotanga kutanga mumuromo, pahuro, kumeso, nemaoko uye zvinopararira mumuviri wese. Varwere vazhinji vanewo maronda pazvanza netsoka dzavo. | Kazhinji zvinotangira pachipfuva, dumbu, musana, nekumeso. Maronda haawanzoonekwa pazvanza nepasi petsoka. |
Chii chinokonzera chirwere ichi uye chinopararira sei?
Chirwere chesmallpox chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunonzi Variola. Kwaiva nemhando mbiri huru dzehutachiona uhwu. Rudzi rwakanyanya kuipa rwaiva Variola major, rwakauraya vanhu vanosvika 30% vakahubata. Rumwe rudzi, Variola minor, rwakakonzera chirwere chisina kunyanya kuoma, chakauraya vanhu vanosvika 1%.
Chirwere chesmallpox chinopararira kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe. Chirwere ichi chinotanga nefivha. Chirwere ichi chinogona kupararira nekufema madonhwe emate kana munhu achikosora, kuhotsira, kana kutaura. Chinogonawo kupararira nekubata mbatya dzemunhu ane chirwere ichi, magumbeze, kana mvura yemuviri. Chirwere ichi hachiparadzirwi nemhuka kana zvipembenene.
Ndedzipi nzira dzekuongorora chirwere uye nzira dzekurapa?
Chirwere chesmallpox hachina kutaurwa kwemakumi emakore, saka zvinogona kuoma kunyangwe kuna chiremba kuti aone chirwere chacho nekukasika. Chirwere ichi chinosimbiswa nekuyedza sampuli yenyama kubva pabhurugwa resmallpox. Kunyangwe munhu mumwe chete anoonekwa sedambudziko rehutano pasi rose.
Kune mishonga yakawanda inorwisa mavhairasi inotenderwa kushandiswa kana paine chirwere ichi. Mienzaniso inosanganisira tecovirimat (TPOXX) uye brincidofovir (Tembexa). Iyi mishonga yakaratidzwa kuti inodzivirira kukura kwehutachiona hwesmallpox. Mishonga iyi inochengetwa nenyika pasi rose kuitira emergency.
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kana munhu aine zviratidzo zvakaita sefivha yakakwira pamwe chete nemapundu asingawanzoitiki, zvakakosha kutsvaga mazano kubva kuna chiremba ane hunyanzvi nekukasika .
Mushonga weSmallpox nenyaya dzakabatana
Wakamboona mavanga akatenderera pamafudzi evabereki vako kana vanasekuru vako here?Ndiwo mucherechedzo wejekiseni resmallpox. Vanga iri harikonzerwi netsono inoshandiswa kubaya jekiseni. Rinokonzerwa nemaitiro emuviri ekudzivirira chirwere chemukondombera chinobata jekiseni riri mhenyu riri mumushonga.
Panzvimbo yekubaiwa nhomba, ganda rine ronda uye kuvaviwa rinotanga kuoneka. Bhora iri rinooma, rosiya vanga rakatenderera. Kuumbwa kwevanga iri kunoratidza kuti mushonga uyu wapihwa zvinobudirira uye muviri wava nedziviriro yemuviri.
Mushure megore ra1972, nyika zhinji, kusanganisira Sri Lanka, dzakamira kupa majekiseni ekudzivirira chirwere chesmallpox kune veruzhinji. Saka, chizvarwa chevechidiki chanhasi hachina kupihwa jekiseni iri.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Chirwere chesmallpox chirwere chinouraya chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hweVariola hwakauraya mamiriyoni evanhu munhoroondo yese.
- Chirwere ichi chakabviswa zvachose pasi rose muna 1980, nekuda kwechirongwa chepasi rose chekubaya majekiseni chaitungamirwa neWorld Health Organization (WHO).
- Zviratidzo zvikuru zvaive fivha yakanyanya, kurwadziwa kwemuviri, uye maronda akazara nematumbu akapararira mumuviri wese.
- Chipembenene negonye izvirwere zviviri. Muchipembenene, maronda anowanzoonekwa pazvanza nepasi, nepo mugonye, haawanzoonekwa.
- Vanga rakatenderera riri paruoko rwevanhu vakuru vazhinji chiratidzo chekuti vagamuchira mushonga we smallpox.
- Nyika pasi rose dzakaunganidza majekiseni ekudzivirira chirwere chesmallpox nemishonga yekushandisa kana paine dambudziko.
- Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva aine fivha yakanyanya ine mapundu asingawanzoitika, usavhunduke uye enda kuna chiremba wako nekukasika .
Chibhokisi, Chibhokisi, Virusi, Zviratidzo, Chibhokisi, Jekiseni, Vanga, Zvirwere Zvinotapukira, Utachiona
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